조선 시대 한증 요법의 운영과 변천

김성수 ( Kim Seong Su ) 한국과학사학회 2016 한국과학사학회지 Vol.38 No.3

King Sejong`s reign in the Joseon period witnessed a great advancement in medical systems. Significant academic achievements in medicine were made as can be seen in the publications of such medical texts as Hyangyak jipseong bang 鄕藥集成方 and Euibang ryuchui 醫方類聚. Formal medical systems were also established during this time. In addition, King Sejong`s government promulgated policies to secure medicinal materials that were essential for treating illnesses. To maximize the use of domestic medicine, or hyangyak, the government commissioned the publications of Hyangyak chaechui wolryeong 鄕藥採取月令 and Hyangyak jipseong bang, carried out systematic comparisons between the efficacy of domestic medicine and that of Chinese medicine, and devised various measures for stabilizing the supply of medicinal materials from different regions of the country. As it was proven difficult to immediately increase the supply and use of medicinal materials, however, efforts were also made to develop alternative treatments. One notable example was the use of steam bath, or hanjeung 汗蒸. Steam bath refers to the treatment by sweating, and appeared first in Qianjin fang 千金方, a medical text published in China during the Tang Dynasty. King Sejong supported the steam bath treatment and allowed the establishment and operation of steam bath places, or hanjeungso 汗蒸所, as a way to treat contagious diseases. Later, as more advanced medical theories were introduced and the risks of steam bath treatment became known, and as it became easier to get medicinal materials, the government gradually lost interest in the steam bath treatment. However, due to its affordable price, the steam bath treatment remained popular as a folk remedy, particularly in the northern parts of the kingdom until late in the Joseon Dynasty.

拭疣 金守溫의 醫方類聚 편찬 事蹟

안상우,홍세영 한국의사학회 2011 한국의사학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Kim Su-On(1409∼1481) was a editor in King Sejong’s times who worked on the publication of 『Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)』 and other major publications led by the royal family. This paper will review the works of Kim Su-On based on the medical background of early Joseon Dynasty and the medical book-reading officer system, and also evaluate his contribution to the development of medicine in early Joseon Dynasty, factoring in his life, ideas, and literary talent. By looking at the life of Kim Su-On, we can understand the role of Confucian doctors(儒醫) in the early Joseon Dynasty, how Confucian scholars who were learned in medicine supervised the compilation and correction of 『Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)』. Especially, from the poetry of 『Sikujip(拭疣集)』, contents regarding the proofreading of 『Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)』 between Im Won-jun and Kim Su-On shows the publication process of 『Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)』 at the reign of King Sungjong. His outstanding achievements are largely due to the medical book-reading officer system implemented around the time 『Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)』 was published. The medical book-reading officer system aimed to increase the knowledge of various matters for the civil service bureaucrats, allowing them to become high-ranking officials in the fields of technology. Its another purpose was to compile specialty publications. Many of the civil service bureaucrats who participated in the medical book publications arranged the theoretical basis of medicine and modified experience medicine to a new medical system. The first edition of 『Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)』 at King Sejong's reign collected vast medical information into 365 books. Then it was corrected during King Sejo's reign then finally completed and published at King Seongjong’s reign. During this period, the experience medicine inherited from Goryeo Dynasty was reestablished into a new form of theoretical interpretation.

『醫方類聚』의 醫案에 한 연구

구민석(Min seok Ku),변정욱(Jung Wuck Byun),차웅석(Wung Seok Cha),김남일(Nam il Kim ) 한국의사학회 2017 한국의사학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), the largest medical book in Korea, has medical and historical significance in that it had classified almost all East Asian medical accomplishments before Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Focusing on these values, this research investigates Yi’an (醫案), an East Asian tradition of describing clinical encounters and the therapies employed, in Euibangyoochui . By this investigation, this study expected to not only establish how the genre of Yi’an is employed for what purpose in Euibangyoochui , but also to shed a light on the appearance of Yi’an before Joseon Dynasty. At first, this study extracted Yi’an from Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), as Yi’an does not have a standardized format. In total, the number of extracted Yi’ans is 1,025 with handwork results. Extracted Yi’ans are analyzed statically, in order to find dispersion of Yi’ans for each chapter and its references. Overall, there are 73 chapters of Euibangyoochui , which has a total of 93 chapters, containing Yi’an, while the chapter on gynecology contains the highest number of Yi ans, 86. Judged from these result, the genre of Yi’an was used diversely and frequently, indicating various messages in Euibangyoochui . To categorize the usage and purpose of writing of Yi’ans in Euibangyoochui , this study considers some examples of Yi’ans and concludes that 3 types of Yi’ans are employed in Euibangyoochui in order to deliver the adequate medical message. One is result-centered Yi’an delivering a broader medical lesson, such as a taboo in treatment or a doctrine in medicine. The second is the concise-styled Yi’an presenting a short effective medical method. The third is multiple-information Yi’an that describes complex information of patients and medical theories, transmitting diverse lessons. Yi’ans in Euibangyoochui refer to 58 medical books. Books written by JangJaHwa (張子和; 1156-1228) are the most cited books, offering almost a quarter of total amount of Yi’ans in Euibangyoochui . This study is meaningful in that it provides basic information, such as numbers, applications, purpose of writing and references of Yi’an in Euibangyoochui . Moreover considering the historic values of Euibangyoochui , this information reflects, on the other hands, overall figures of Yi’an written before publication of Euibangyoochui

『醫方類聚』에 수록된 『傷寒論注解』에 대한 고찰

류정아(Jeong-Ah Lyu),장우창(Woo-Chang Jang) 한국의사학회 2014 한국의사학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives : By understanding the basic information as a text about the original script, composition and characteristic of 『Shanghanlunzhujie』 which is included in 『Uibang-yuchwi』, We are evaluating value and significance of the text today. Methods : First of all, We are finding what the original script is through comparing different editions. Then by concrete analysis about texts, We are going to determine which standards affected 『Shanghanlunzhujie』 and 『Uibang-yuchwi』, and which elements included in those texts. In addition, We are figuring out what the characteristics are in the those texts roughly. Through this consideration, We could evaluate value and significance of the text. Results & Conclusions : In the course of research, We found that this publication deserves attention in the hereditary history of the 『Shanghanlun』 editions. First, the version of the 『Shanghanlunzhujie』 in the 『Uibang-yuchwi』 is surely the Won(元) edition. Based on recent research findings, the Won edition is the earliest version of Chengwuji's 『Zhujieshanghanlun』. Not only does it contain the original contents, it restored the deleted annotations of the Song edition, constituting the most accurate 『Shanghanlun』 edition closest to the original form of today.

『醫方類聚』의 편찬인물

申舜植(Shin Soon-shik) 대한의사학회 1999 의사학(醫史學) Vol.8 No.2

한국 주요 醫書에 나타난 64卦에 대한 考察

백유상(Baik Yousang) 대한한의학원전학회 2022 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Objectives : 조선시대 전기부터 후기까지의 주요 醫書인 『醫方類聚』, 『東醫寶鑑』, 『素問大要』 등과 『格致藁』에 실린 64卦 관련 내용을 분석하여 그 특징들과 역사적 흐름을 개략적으로 살펴보았다. Methods : 각 醫書에 실린 64卦 관련 내용들을 수집, 분류하고 내용 분석을 통하여 특징들을 고찰하였다. Results : 조선시대 전반에 걸쳐서 의학 분야에 적용된 易學은 다양한 十翼의 내용들을 아우르기보다 주로 각각의 卦象에 집중되어 있으며, 64卦 가운데에서도 인체의 상하 축을 중심으로 나타나는 氣의 交濟를 주로 다루고 있다. 이는 道家의 內丹術을 넘어서 精氣神의 관점으로 인체와 우주의 변화를 바라본 결과이며, 이러한 전통 하에서 乾坤의 闔闢, 水火의 交濟 등의 氣 순환에 더욱 주목하였음을 알 수 있다. Conclusions : 조선시대 각 시대별 醫書에 나타나는 64卦의 분석을 통하여 한국 醫易學의 흐름을 개략적으로 파악할 수 있었으며, 향후 易學史의 분야와 연계하여 보다 세밀한 분석 연구가 진행되기를 기대한다. Objectives : Contents on the 64 trigrams in major medical texts from early to late Joseon such as the Uibangyuchwi(醫方類聚), Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑), Somundaeyo(素問大要), Gyeokchigo(格致藁) were analyzed to examine their characteristics and historical context. Methods : Related contents in each medical texts were collected, sorted and analyzed for thorough examination. Results : The study of Changes which was widely applied in the field of medicine throughout the Joseon period focused more heavily on each of the trigram patterns, especially in regards to the qi interaction between the upper and lower axis of the body, rather than the various meanings of the ten wings[十翼]. This is a result of the Jing-Qi-Shen perspective of the body and the universe that transcends the Daoist inner cultivation method[內丹術], under which concepts related to qi circulation such as the opening and closing[闔闢] of the Heaven[乾] and the Earth[坤], the interaction between Water[水] and Fire[火] were considered more important. Conclusions : The historical context of the study of medicine and Changes[易] of Korea could be grasped through analysing the 64 trigrams in medical texts of each period in Joseon. Further research with the field of History of Changes studies is much anticipated.

『어의촬요』로 본 고려시대의 의료

윤성재(Yoon SungJae) 백산학회 2021 白山學報 Vol.- No.120

『어의촬요(御醫撮要)』은 1226년(고종 13)에 최종준(崔宗峻)이 왕실에서 비전(祕傳)되어 왔던 어의들의 처방 중 다방(茶房)에서 전해오던 방문을 2권으로 간행한 고려시대 의서이다. 이 책은 유실되어 전해지지 않으나 『향약집성방(鄕藥集成方)』과 『의방유취(醫方類聚)』 등에 인용되어 일부 내용을 알 수 있다. 『어의촬요』의 인쇄 배포를 통해, 종래 어의로 대표되는 왕실이 독점한 의료지식이 좀 더 널리 퍼지게 되었다. 하지만 의학 지식의 증가와는 별개로 약물을 구하는 것이 더욱 큰 문제였다. 왕으로부터 약을 받은 유공권의 사례나 용뇌를 권력자에게 받은 이규보의 사례는 약물의 확보 여부가 권력임을 보여준다. 이러한 흐름은 단오의 옥추단(玉樞丹)이나 납일(臘日)의 전약(煎藥)과 같이 의례화된 세시 풍속을 통해 권력 과시를 보여주는 형태로 유지되었다. 그러나 이런 의학적 혜택에서 배제되었던일반 민중들은 향약이라는 대체재를 마련하면서 의료생활을 발전시켰다. Eouichwaryo(御醫撮要) was published by Choi jongjun(崔宗峻) in 1226. He compiled two volumes of the royal family s prescription, which had been handed down by the Tea Office(茶房). This book is not handed down due to its loss, but it is cited in Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚) and Hyangyakjipsungbang(鄕藥集成方) to reveal some of its contents. Through the printing and distribution of this book, the royal family s proprietary medical knowledge, represented by the royal physician, has become more widespread. However, apart from the increase in medical knowledge, finding drugs was a bigger problem. The case of Yu Gongkwon(柳公權), who received medicine from the king and the other case of Lee Gyubo(李奎報), who received the borneol(龍腦) from the powerful man, shows that securing drugs is power. This trend was maintained in the form of showing power through ritualized seasonal customs, such as the Okchudan of Dano(端午) and the decoction of medicinal herbs of Nabil(臘日). However, people who were excluded from these medical benefits developed their medical lives by preparing alternative medicines.