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Respiratory Health among Korean Pupils in Relation to Home, School and Outdoor Environment
김정림,Lena Elfman,Gunilla Wieslander,Martin Ferm,Kjell Torén,Dan Norbäck 대한의학회 2011 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.26 No.2
There are few studies about school-environment in relation to pupils’ respiratory health,and Korean school-environment has not been characterized. All pupils in 4th grade in 12selected schools in three urban cities in Korea received a questionnaire (n = 2,453), 96%participated. Gaseous pollutants and ultrafine particles (UFPs) were measured indoors (n =34) and outdoors (n = 12) during winter, 2004. Indoor dampness at home was investigated by the questionnaire. To evaluate associations between respiratory health and environment, multiple logistic- and multi-level regression models were applied adjusting for potential confounders. The mean age of pupils was 10 yr and 49% were boys. No school had mechanical ventilation and CO2-levels exceeded 1,000 ppm in all except one of the classrooms. The indoor mean concentrations of SO2, NO2, O3 and formaldehyde were 0.6 μg/m3, 19 μg/m3, 8 μg/m3 and 28 μg/m3, respectively. The average level of UFPs was 18,230 pt/cm3 in the classrooms and 16,480 pt/cm3 outdoors. There were positive associations between wheeze and outdoor NO2, and between current asthma and outdoor UFPs. With dampness at home, pupils had more wheeze. In conclusion, outdoor UFPs and even low levels of NO2 may adversely contribute to respiratory health in children. High CO2-levels in classrooms and indoor dampness/mold at home should be reduced.
Oriented transformations on a finite chain: another description
V\'\i tor H. Fernandes 대한수학회 2023 대한수학회논문집 Vol.38 No.3
Following the new description of an oriented full transformation on a finite chain given recently by Higgins and Vernitski in \cite{Higgins&Vernitski:2022}, in this short note we present a refinement of this description which is extendable to partial transformations and to injective partial transformations.
V\'\i tor H. Fernandes,Teresa M. Quinteiro 대한수학회 2016 대한수학회보 Vol.53 No.2
In this note we consider the monoid $\PODI_n$ of all monotone partial permutations on $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ and its submonoids $\DP_n$, $\POI_n$ and $\ODP_n$ of all partial isometries, of all order-preserving partial permutations and of all order-preserving partial isometries, respectively. We prove that both the monoids $\POI_n$ and $\ODP_n$ are quotients of bilateral semidirect products of two of their remarkable submonoids, namely of extensive and of co-extensive transformations. Moreover, we show that $\PODI_n$ is a quotient of a semidirect product of $\POI_n$ and the group $\mathcal{C}_2$ of order two and, analogously, $\DP_n$ is a quotient of a semidirect product of $\ODP_n$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$.
Increased Mortality in Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease
Eldbjørg Hustad,Tor Åge Myklebust,Sasha Gulati,Jan O. Aasly 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2021 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.14 No.3
Few studies have followed Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients from the time of diagnosis to the date of death. This study compared mortality in the Trondheim PD cohort to the general population, investigated causes of death and analyzed the associations between mortality and age at disease onset (AAO) and cognitive decline defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score below 26.
A Korean Survey on Qualities and Definition of a Good Psychiatrist
김지현,Phern-Chern Tor,Joel King,서정석 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.5
The definition of a “good” psychiatrist has varied over the past decades due to changing roles of psychiatrists. Studies on the qualities of “good” psychiatrists have been completed in many countries. However, no such study has been undertaken in Korea. In Korea, recent growing interest in psychiatry demands the identification of qualities for a good psychiatrist. The purpose of this study was to define the qualities of a good psychiatrist in Korea, subsequently facilitating the improvement of psychiatric training programs. The questionnaire was based on a Singaporean survey with the permission from the original authors. Respondents were divided into patient group and psychiatrist group. The 40-item questionnaire contained items grouped into four themes: Professional, Personal Values, Academic Executive and Relationship. Of the four themes, both patient and psychiatrist groups considered Professional as the most important, whereas Academic Executive as the least important. The mean scores for all items of each theme in the patient group were higher than those in the psychiatrist group, reflecting higher expectations for good psychiatrist in the patient group. Patients emphasized Relationship more than psychiatrists did. It is concluded that a good psychiatrist in Korea can be defined as “a good communicator and listener with a professional manner, who respects confidentiality and has good doctor-patient relationships.”