Real-time hydrogen mud logging during the Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project (WFSD), holes 2 and 3 in SW China

Zhen Fang,Yaowei Liu,Duoxing Yang,Lishuang Guo,Lei Zhang 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.3

We present hydrogen gas concentration data for drilling mud extracted during the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling (WFSD; holes 2 and 3), measured on-line during drilling in SW China. Hydrogen influx into the well at depth is largely dependent on lithology and fracture density. In hole WFSD-2, the average background concentration of hydrogen is lower in granitic rocks than in sedimentary formations. More than five major hydrogen influxes were detected while drilling through the sedimentary formations, and two hydrogen-rich zones were detected in the granite (1240–1243 m and 1383.5–1405 m depth). In hole WFSD-3, mud extracted from a tectonic breccia contains high hydrogen concentrations at depths of 600–1000 m depth, and relatively low concentrations below 1000 m depth. In both holes, we observe a lack of hydrogen in the center of the fault zone and high concentrations of hydrogen in fractured zones. Hydrogen concentration in both holes displays significant vertical heterogeneity, and is positively correlated with fracture density. Hydrogen was likely sourced from interaction between water and fresh silicate minerals surfaces that were exposed during faulting, from the mantle, and from faulting events. Fracture zones provide the main channels for the migration of hydrogen gas. The variations in background hydrogen concentrations relate to changes in porosity and permeability. The two hydrogen-rich zones (642.36–676.22 m, and 1383.5–1405 m) were likely caused by earthquake activity or far-field triggering during WFSD-2 drilling. The results of this study provide gas data that can be used to model fault activity. It is important to consider the relationship between hydrogen gas and the seismic cycle, and to use such data to identify seismic precursors.

語義結構的槪念化量度範疇與特征

방진평 ( Zhen Ping Fang ) 한국중국언어학회 2011 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.36

The life today saw lots phenomenon of quantity expression created by people here and there, and we live in the world of semantics "the quota" in time. The language cognition measurement view, namely to speech act`s conformity measure,its core is compared to the difference from the different. This article is the semantic analysis of the view of quantitativeness of language. It mainly focuses category and features of concepts which in all is Conceptual Quantitativeness (Semantic Structure). In other words, it means that meanings of expression mainly come from the concept and changes of it. Here, "concept structure"is not the style, distribution of concept(different from "language structure"), but mean-the semantic structure is conceptual, motivational of thinking. "Conceptstructure" can be the category or unit of semantic analysis of language, it is to measure language righteousness of substantial: The language meaning is various notionstructure. Construct or purchase the mode including Numbervalued Quantitativeness, Quality-changed Quantitativeness, perspective-selected Quantitativeness, Structure-fixed Quantitativeness, etc.

논문 : 語言思維; 人主體對物客體觀照方式的선變 (P0 + Q0) <…-> (P1 + Q1)

방진평 ( Zhen Ping Fang ) 중국어문학회 2012 中國語文學誌 Vol.41 No.-

本文論述人類主體對物質存在客體的觀照方式的선變更替與發展進化。 在感知自然、形成自我的基礎上, 原始人類步入思考階段, 産生思維活動。思 維活動凝結爲相對固定的關系模式, 卽思維方式。思維方式運用於人際交流, 産 生人類主體的語言思維以及觀照物質世界的習慣, 包括混同式觀照、替代式觀 照和表現式觀照, 타們體現語言思維與外部世界的聯系。 混同式觀照(P0 = P1), 包含以下細節: 互渗的原始思維方式、無理分類與語 詞互構、無因推理與行爲表達、不達辭意及思維因由; 替代式觀照(P0 -〉P1), 主要內容包含: 語言本文引導思維前行、神話思維的本質卽隱喩; 表現式觀照 (P1 -〉P0), 包含兩個要點: 人主體性的確立、敍事思維總特征。

情態功能: 言語活動的語用動因的類型與建構

방진평 ( Zhen Ping Fang ) 한국중국언어학회 2010 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.31

The Lung Function Impairment in Non-Atopic Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Correlation Analysis

Linghao Zhang,Lu Zhang,Chun-Hong Zhang,Xiao-Bi Fang,Zhen-Xiao Huang,Qing -Yuan Shi,Li-Ping Wu,Peng Wu,Zhen-Zhen Wang,Zhi-Su Liao 대한이비인후과학회 2016 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.9 No.4

Objectives. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common disease in otorhinolaryngology and will lead to lower airway abnormality. However, the only lung function in CRS patients and associated factors have not been much studied. Methods. One hundred patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP group), 40 patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP group), and 100 patients without CRS were enrolled. The difference in lung function was compared. Meanwhile, CRSwNP and CRSsNP group were required to undergo a bronchial provocation or dilation test. Additionally, subjective and objective outcomes were measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20), Lund-Mackay score, Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score. The correlation and regression methods were used to analyze the relationship between their lung function and the above parameters. Results. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75) of CRSwNP group were significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05). On peak expiratory flow, there was no difference between three groups. In CRSwNP group, FEV1 was negatively correlated with peripheral blood eosinophil count (PBEC) and duration of disease (r=–0.348, P=0.013 and r=–0.344, P=0.014, respectively), FEF25-75 negatively with VAS, SNOT-20 (r=–0.490, P=0.028 and r=–0.478, P=0.033, respectively) in CRSsNP group. The incidence of positive bronchial provocation and dilation test was lower in CRSwNP group (10% and 0%, respectively), with both 0% in CRSsNP group. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that change ratio of FEV1 before and after bronchial provocation or dilation test were correlated with PBEC in CRSwNP group (β=0.403, P=0.006). Conclusion. CRS leading to impaired maximum ventilation and small airway is associated with the existence of nasal polyp. Lung function impairments can be reflected by PBEC, duration, VAS, and SNOT-20. In CRSwNP patients, PBEC is independent predictor of FEV1 change ratio.

Characteristics and Prediction of Lung Cancer Mortality in China from 1991 to 2013

Fang, Jia-Ying,Dong, Hong-Li,Wu, Ku-Sheng,Du, Pei-Ling,Xu, Zhen-Xi,Lin, Kun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Objective: To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer mortality in China from 1991 to 2013, forecast the future five-year trend and provide scientific evidence for prevention and management of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for lung cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe epidemiological characteristics. Trend surface analysis was applied to analyze the geographical distribution of lung cancer. Four models, curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression, were performed to forecast the trend for the future. Results: Since 1991 the mortality rate of lung cancer increased yearly. The rate for males was higher than that for females and rates in urban areas were higher than in rural areas. In addition, our results showed that the trend will continue to increase in the ensuing 5 years. The mortality rate increased from age 45-50 and peaked in the group of 85 years old. Geographical analysis indicated that people living in northeast China provinces and the coastal provinces in eastern China had a higher mortality rate for lung cancer than those living in the centre or western Chinese provinces. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer has constantly increased from 1991 to 2013, and been predicted to continue in the ensuing 5 years. Further efforts should be concentrated on education of the general public to increase prevention and early detection. Much better prevention and management is needed in high mortality areas (northeastern and eastern parts of China) and high risk populations (45-50-year-olds).

2-ORDER TURBULENCE CLOSURE PLANKTON ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION

Zhen Wen Wan,Ye Li Yuan,Fang Li Qiao 한국해안해양공학회 1999 학술강연회 발표논문초록집 Vol.1 No.1

The basic concepts of continuous neurogen dynamics, particle and continuous mass, were cited to describe plankton ecosystems, so a continuous neurogen dynamics model of plankton ecosystem was developed by logically reasoning with less ecological experiential relation. For precise parameterization of diffusion acted on plankton by hydrodynamics, the scheme of 2-order turbulence closure of geophysical fluid dynamics was generalized to enclose the equations of plankton ecosystem dynamics model. This model was applied to simulate a natural ecological process in Jiaozhou Bay. Comparison between simulation and data showed the exciting prognosis ability of this model.

Analysis of genetic diversity among different geographic populations of Athetis lepigone using ISSR molecular markers

Fang Chen,Tofael Ahmeda,Yu-juan Liu,Kang-lai He,Zhen-yingWang 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4

Athetis lepigone (Möschler) is an invasive insect pest that feeds on corn seedlings in the summer corn region ofChina. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to determine genotype of A. lepigone collectedfrom 15 geographic locations in North China. Data from seven primers resulted in a total of 183 bands thatwere scored, 174 (95.08%) of which were polymorphic. Genetic distance estimates among the 15 populationsof A. lepigone ranged from 0.0133 to 0.0595. At species level, Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.3537 andShannon information index was 0.5288. Genetic differentiation among the 15 populations was estimated at0.0747 and historical mean number of migrants (Nm) was 6.19. Clustering analysis revealed no correlationbetween genetic diversity and geographic proximity among the A. lepigone populations. This lack of significantgenetic diversity or correlation with geographic location suggests that gene flow may be high among the15 A. lepigone populations or homogenization may be a result of recent range expansion. These data provide importantpreliminary estimates of A. lepigone population dynamics which may help in evaluating local scales requiredfor control of this insect.

GPR12 Selections of the Metabolites from an Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Asociated with Cistanches deserticola

Zhen-Jian Lin,Xiao-Ming Lu,Tian-Jiao Zhu,Yu-Chun Fang,Qian-Qun Gu,Weiming Zhu 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9

An endophytic Streptomyces sp. (AC-2) was isolated from the root of Cistanches deserticola Y.C.Ma..Chemical investigations of the culture broth of AC-2 afforded fifteen compounds including K1115 A (1), tyrosol (2), phenylethylamine derivatives (3, 4), cyclic dipeptides (5-8), nucleosides and their aglycones (9-13), N-acetyltryptamine (14), and pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (15). Only tyrosol can promote an increase of intracellular cAMP special on GPR12 transfected cells, such as CHO and HEK293, which means it may be a possible ligand for GPR12.

Liver Cancer Mortality Characteristics and Trends in China from 1991 to 2012

Fang, Jia-Ying,Wu, Ku-Sheng,Zeng, Yang,Tang, Wen-Rui,Du, Pei-Ling,Xu, Zhen-Xi,Xu, Xiao-Ling,Luo, Jia-Yi,Lin, Kun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of liver cancer mortality as well as its developing trend from 1991 to 2012, forecast the future five-year trend, and provide a basis for the comprehensive prevention and management. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for liver cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe characteristics and distribution of liver cancer mortality. Trend surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of liver cancer mortality. Curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were used to predict and forecast future trends. Results: The mortality rate of liver cancer has constantly increased in China since 1991. Rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas, and in males are higher than in females. In addition, our data predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the next 5 years. The age-specific mortality of liver cancer increases with age and peaks in the group of 80-84 years old. Geographical analysis showed the liver mortality rate was higher in the southeast provinces, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, and southwest regions like Guangxi Province. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in China has consistently increased from 1991 to 2012, and the upward trend is predicted to continue in the future. Much better prevention and management of liver cancer is needed in high mortality areas (the southwestern and southeastern parts of China) and high mortality age groups (80- to 84-year-olds), especially in rural areas.