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Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Rural Areas of Wuhan China: a Matched Case-control Study
Zhang, Bin,Zhou, Ai-Fen,Zhu, Chang-Cai,Zhang, Ling,Xiang, Bing,Chen, Zhong,Hu, Rong-Hua,Zhang, Ya-Qi,Qiu, Lin,Zhang, Yi-Ming,Xiong, Chao-Du,Du, Yu-Kai,Shi, Yu-Qin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12
Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We investigated possible risk factors for cervical cancer in rural areas of Wuhan China using a matched case-control study with 33 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and 132 healthy women selected from the same area as matched controls. A questionnaire, which included questions about general demography conditions, environmental and genetic factors, the first sexual intercourse, first marriage age, age at first pregnancy, pregnancy first child's age, female personal health history, social psychological factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol status and other living habits was presented to all participants. At the same time, HPV infection of every participant was examined in laboratory testing. Results showed HPV infection (P<0.000, OR=23.4) and pregnancy first child's age (P<0.000, OR=13.1) to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Menopause (P=0.003, OR=0.073) was a protective factor against cervical cancer. However, there was no indication of associations of environmental (drinking water, insecticide, disinfectant) genetic (cancer family history), or life-style factors (smoking status, alcohol status, physical training, sleep quality), including dietary habits (intake of fruit and vegetable, meat, fried food, bean products and pickled food) or social psychological factors with cervical cancer. The results suggest that the risk of cervical cancer in Chinese rural women may be associated with HPV infection, menopause and the pregnancy first child's age.
High-Speed PIV Evaluation of Fuel Sprays under Superheated Conditions
( Ming Zhang ),( Min Xu ),( Yu Yin Zhang ),( Gao Ming Zhang ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-
Spray structure, distribution, and atomization process of the superheated sprays are dramatically influenced by the degree of the fuel superheating. The fuel spray flow field can provide detailed information about such influence due to the fuel superheating. It is anticipated that the fuel spray flow field depends on the superheat degree, which is carefully examined using high-speed PIV in this study. The fuel droplet velocities are measured within the lower number density regions of the spray generated from a multi-hole injector. The spray structure is characterized by spray penetration, maximum spray width and spray angle derived from the spray laser-sheet images. These characteristics are correlated with the spray velocity vector field to analyze the driving force of the spray transformation. The results illustrate that, as the superheat degree increases, the spray velocities in both radial and axial directions vary dramatically accompanied by the unexpected transformations of the spray structure, such as transforming from separate plumes to a collapsed form. The superheat degree is the predominant factor influencing break-up, atomization, and structure of the superheated sprays.
Lili Zhang,Lanwei Zhang,Huaxi Yi,Ming Du,Yingchun Zhang,Xue Han,Zhen Feng,Jingyan Li,Yuehua Jiao,Yanhe Zhang,Chunfeng Guo 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.7
Stress-mediated bioprocess is a strategy designed to enhance biological target productivity. In this study,an attempt was made to enhance transglutaminase (TGase) production by Streptomyces mobaraensis by using different stress conditions including heat shock, alcohols and salt stress. Results showed that the effects of stress on TGase production depended on the type applied. For heat shock, TGase production (1.32 U/ml) was recorded maximum in the culture treated at 48 h post inoculation in water bath at 60 oC for 1 min. For alcohols treatment, the maximum activity of TGase (1.77 and 1.75 U/ml) was obtained when 3% methanol was added into the medium at 0 or 24 h of fermentation. However, a 3.5-fold increased production of TGase (3.8 U/ml) was observed in the medium supplemented with 0.2mol/l MgCl2 compared with the basic medium at the beginning of fermentation. In conclusion, TGase production from S. mobaraensis was improved by heat shock, methanol and salt stress treatments, MgCl2 stress was the most effective.
( Gao Ming Zhang ),( Min Xu ),( Yu Yin Zhang ),( Ming Zhang ),( David J. Cleary ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-
Fuel temperature and the ambient pressure can dramatically influence spray characteristics such as the spray structure, spray penetration, and quantity of vaporized fuel. Higher fuel temperatures that occur in today`s direct-injection engines can reach superheated conditions, dramatically changing the spray due to flash boiling. In this paper, the spray structure and vaporization behaviors are examined for a multi-hole DI injector over a range of superheated conditions. Planer laser-induced-exciplex fluorescence (PLIEF) is used to characterize the spray, where fluorobenzene (FB) and diethyl-methyl-amine (DEMA) are added into n-hexane as vapor and liquid tracers, respectively. The temperature dependence of crosstalk signal intensity is examined using a quartz cell and necessary corrections are made to the spray image. The individual plumes from this multi-hole injector are determined to collapse with increasing superheat degree until the spray transforms into a single plume. The liquid component of the spray is more resistant to collapsing as comparing to the vapor component, where a vapor jet-like structure is formed near the centerline axis of the fuel spray once collapsed. The relative vapor quantity increases with fuel temperature in a near linear fashion until a step change is observed for the vapor signal when the two vapor plumes merge into a single structure.
Liu, Ming,Pan, Hong,Zhang, Feng,Zhang, Yong-Biao,Zhang, Yang,Xia, Han,Zhu, Jing,Fu, Wei-Ling,Zhang, Xiao-Li Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11
Background: To further investigate the molecular basis of lung cancer development, we utilize a microarray to identify differentially expressed genes associated with various TNM stages of adenocarcinoma, a subtype with increasing incidence in recent years in China. Methods: A 35K oligo gene array, covering about 25,100 genes, was used to screen differentially expressed genes among 90 tumor samples of lung adenocarcinoma in various TNM stages. To verify the gene array data, three genes (Zimp7, GINS2 and NAG-1) were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in a different set of samples from the gene array. Results: First, we obtained 640 differentially expressed genes in lung adenocarcinomas compared to the surrounding normal lung tissues. Then, from the 640 candidates we identified 10 differentially expressed genes among different TNM stages (Stage I, II and IIIA), of which Zimp7, GINS2 and NAG-1 genes were first reported to be present at a high level in lung adenocarcinoma. The results of qRT-PCR for the three genes were consistent with those from the gene array. Conclusions: We identified 10 candidate genes associated with different TNM stages in lung adenocarcinoma in the Chinese population, which should provide new insights into the molecular basis underlying the development of lung adenocarcinoma and may offer new targets for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis prediction.
Tax is Involved in Up-regulation of HMGB1 Expression Levels by Interaction with C/EBP
Zhang, Chen-Guang,Wang, Hui,Niu, Zhi-Guo,Zhang, Jing-Jing,Yin, Ming-Mei,Gao, Zhi-Tao,Hu, Li-Hua Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1
The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a multifunctional cytokine-like molecule that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tumors. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reactions and Western blot assays indicated that HMGB1 transcriptional activity and protein level are increased in $Tax^+$-T cells (TaxP). To clarify the mechanisms, a series of HMGB1 deletion reporter plasmids (pHLuc1 to pHLuc6) were transfected into $Tax^-$-T cells (TaxN, Jurkat) and $Tax^+$-T cells (TaxP). We found that promoter activity in $Tax^+$-T cells to be higher than that in $Tax^-$-T cells, indicating a significant increase in pHLuc6. Bay11-7082 (NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor) treatment did not block the enhancing effect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Tax was retained on a HMGB1 promoter fragment encompassing -1163 to -975. Bioinformatics analysis showed six characteristic cis-elements for CdxA, AP-1, AML-1a, USF, v-Myb, and C/EBP in the fragment in question. Mutation of cis-elements for C/EBP reduced significant HMGB1 promoter activity induced by Tax. These findings indicate that Tax enhances the expression of HMGB1 gene at the transcriptional level, possibly by interacting with C/EBP.
Ming Hua Zhang 글로벌영어교육학회 2008 Studies in English education Vol.13 No.2
This study is an account of one-year experiment which sought a new oral course model, learner-computer interaction through CELMS Online. It aims to identify whether the CELMS online contributes to develop the students` oral abilities in EFL contexts by the learner-computer interactive process. According to the test results with two different levels of four classes, analyze and explain the benefits of learner-computer interactive oral learning process. The new oral course model has aroused the students` motivation and made students become more independent learners, improved their self-confidence. In networked CALL environment they learn a foreign language in a proactive way that encourages active communication, self-expression in English and contributes to develop students` oral abilities.