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miR-122 promotes diabetic retinopathy through targeting TIMP3
Wang Mingliang,Zheng Huifen,Zhou Xianbo,Zhang Jiwei,Shao Guanghui 한국통합생물학회 2020 Animal cells and systems Vol.24 No.5
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a primary complication of diabetes mellitus. DR can cause severe vision loss for patients. miR-122 is elevated in DR patients, while its role in DR is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of miR-122 on the function of high glucoseinduced REC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, our results revealed that miR-122 was up-regulated in high glucose-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). High glucose decreased the cell viability of ARPE-19 cells, which was then restored by miR-122 knockdown. In addition, miR-122 knockdown suppressed apoptosis of high glucoseinduced ARPE-19 cells. High glucose also inhibited B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level and increased cleaved caspase-3 level in ARPE-19 cells, which were reversed by miR-122 knockdown. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) was a direct target of miR-122. TIMP3 was decreased in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells, and the decrease was abrogated by miR-122 knockdown. In addition, the effects of miR-122 overexpression in cell viability and apoptosis of high glucoseinduced ARPE-19 were abolished by overexpression of TIMP3. In conclusion, the effect and mechanism of miR-122 on high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells were demonstrated for the first time. miR-122 promoted diabetic retinopathy through targeting TIMP3, making miR-122 a promising target for diabetic retinopathy therapy.
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Minyi Chen,Yang Sun,Helen (Huifen) Cai,Cheng Hua,Jiaolong Zhang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Introduction The study chooses smartphone applications which have update experience as the study case to analysis if it will cause customer attrition. Application updates aims to make up the bugs which may cause bad effects on using, while in fact, most changes will be resisted by customers. We adapt three elements to collect data about the attitude of customers toward applications update, the conclusion illustrates, customers will resist changes in some conditions and cause customers attrition. Therefore, application developers should focus on the personal emotional reaction and cognitive evolution as well as predict what may influence the customers normal use after the applications update to make correct update decisions. In order to define the relationship between variable and result., we take smartphone application which had experienced update as examples and choose fsQCA as the methodology to analysis. Literature Review Resistance to change is a psychological process, Brehm(1966)claims customers resist to change origins from their believe that they have rights to control free, when this rights be challenged, this resistance behavior will happen due to they want to protect their own rights. Some scholars distinguished the concept of resistance to change: when receptors in the low involvement or limited cognize, their resistance behaviors is likely to be considered as the passive resistance; otherwise, the behaviors would be recognized as active resistance (Nabih,1997). Bagozz and Lee(1999) think that functional barrier is an important factors which influence the degree of innovation receptance, when customers think products after update cannot meet their function needs will cause resistance to change. Resistance always occur passively, bemuse of the disturb of the former habits of using (Ram &Sheth 1989), and former studies also indicate that prejudice towards changes is one of significant factors. Because changes are uncertainty, Fiske and Taylor(1991)claims that uncertainty can make people hate changes and Whitson and Galinsky(2008)consider aversion will be the strong driver of resistance to change to reduce uncertainty and risk. In terms of a company, the cost of maintaining a old customer is much lower than these of develop a new user, Actually, customer attrition is response of entrepreneur revenue and the vital section in development of companies. The famous american honesty management scholar Frederic Reichheld’s research indicates that when the extension of the commercial relationship of entrepreneur and customers, companies can acquire fatter profit through the relationship. Conclusions This study chooses fsQCA as methodology to define the relationship between resistance to change and customer attrition instead of using structural equation modeling. Sometimes, even customers have right cognitive evolution towards changes, when they find their efficiency be influenced by it, they also resist to change; while adverse emotional reaction also has an adverse effect on customer retention though they build positive cognitive evolution about changes. there is a remain circumstance of lossing of customers that when customers hate changes and they find their efficiency be influenced by update, the honesty of this product will also decrease. This three condition all contribute to customers attrition which should be paid more attention by companies.
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Wang Yang,Song Guoying,Liang Dong,Xia Hui,Zhang Huifen,Luo Xian,Deng Qunxian 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.5
Jujube fruits contain high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA). However, the AsA contents of fruits differ significantly in various jujube germplasm resources, and the factors responsible for these differences remain unknown. To explore the metabolic mechanism of AsA accumulation, we investigated the AsA content in fruits at different developmental stages of two jujube species, Ziziphus acidojujuba cv. Yuanxingxiaosuanzao (SZ) and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Luojiangtiaoyuanzao (LZ). The AsA accumulation pattern in the fruits of the two jujube species was similar during fruit development, and AsA content was negatively correlated with titratable acid. We also analysed the expression patterns of AsA metabolism genes. The results showed that AsA biosynthesis in jujube fruits was mainly related to the L-galactose pathway, as well as the inositol pathway. Furthermore, higher expression levels of genes involved in AsA biosynthesis (GME1, GMP1, GPP, GGP, and MIOX1) and regeneration (MDHAR1 and MDHAR2) were associated with higher AsA concentrations in SZ fruit compared with LZ fruit. In summary, we concluded that more efficient AsA biosynthesis and regeneration was responsible for the higher AsA accumulation in SZ fruit.
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