Metagenomics analysis of the gut microbiome in healthy and bacterial pneumonia forest musk deer

Wei Zhao,Ziwei Ren,Yan Luo,Jianguo Cheng,Jie Wang,Yin Wang,Zexiao Yang,Xueping Yao,Zhijun Zhong,Wei Yang,Xi Wu 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.1

Background The forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii) is an threatened species in China. Bacterial pneumonia was found to seriously restrict the development of FMD captive breeding. Historical evidence has demonstrated the relationship between immune system and intestinal Lactobacillus in FMD. Objective We sought to elucidate the diferences in the gut microbiota of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD. Methods The bacterial pneumonia FMD was demonstrated by bacterial and pathological diagnosis, and the gut microbiome of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD was sequenced and analysed. Results There are three pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus equinus and Trueperella pyogenes) isolated from the bacterial pneumonia FMD individuals. Compared with the healthy group, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the pneumonia group was changed, and a high level of Proteobacteria was found in the pneumonia group. In addition, a higher abundance of Acinetobacter (p=0.01) was observed in the population of the pneumonia group compared with the healthy group. Several potentially harmful bacteria and disease-related KEGG subsystems were only found in the gut of the bacterial pneumonia group. Analysis of KEGG revealed that many genes related to type IV secretion system, type IV pilus, lipopolysaccharide export system, HTH-type transcriptional regulator/antitoxin MqsA, and ArsR family transcriptional regulator were signifcantly enriched in the metagenome of the bacterial pneumonia FMD. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiome was signifcantly altered in the bacterial pneumonia group. Overall, our research improves the understanding of the potential role of the gut microbiota in the FMD bacterial pneumonia.

Hierarchical Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch for Active Distribution Network with Multi-microgrids

Li Xueping,Zhao Wanzhao,Lu Zhigang 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.3

The interconnection of active distribution network and multi-microgrids leads to the increase of variable dimension of optimal reactive power dispatch. The overall reactive power dispatch will face the problems of high dimension, slow convergence, and reduced accuracy. Meanwhile, the decomposition dispatch requires a large number of coordination iterations. Hence, this paper proposes a hierarchical optimal reactive power dispatch method for active distribution network with multi-microgrids based on differential evolution algorithm and the network loss sensitivity. In this method, the upper layer takes the minimum loss of the distribution network as the goal, regards each microgrid as a generator node, and formulates the interactive power between each microgrid and the distribution network. The lower layer aims to minimize the network loss of the microgrid, regards the point of common coupling as the balance node, and make the power of the lower layer meet the constraints of the upper layer in the form of penalty function. To minimize the network loss of the whole network, the sensitivity is calculated to correct the output of reactive power equipment for further optimization. The improved IEEE-33 bus distribution network system is used to verify the method, and the results are compared with the global optimization results. Due to the reduction of the network scale, the number of iterations of each system of hierarchical optimization is 1000, which is greatly reduced compared with 10,000 of the overall optimization. The results show that the proposed method improves the economy of active distribution network system with multi-microgrids and significantly shortens the running time.

CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR SOFT-DISABILITY REMEDY OF THE ELECTRIC POWER STEERING SYSTEM

Xin Li,Xueping Zhao,Jie Chen,Jinlai Men 한국자동차공학회 2009 International journal of automotive technology Vol.10 No.4

The electric power steering (EPS) system is designed to reduce the effort exerted by driver on the steering wheel. One of the most common and critical failures of EPS is the soft-disability of the torque sensor or the loss of its signal, which leads to the instant shutdown of the EPS system while turning and causes serious traffic accidents. In this paper, a novel controller based on the self-alignment torque (SAT) estimation was designed to remedy the soft-disability of EPS system. After the SAT estimation method was verified by the empirical Magic Formula (MF) tire model, the remedy control strategy based on the SAT estimation was developed and evaluated by simulations under step and sinusoidal inputs. To further evaluate the performance of the controller on a real vehicle, experiments on a real EPS system were implemented under step and sinusoidal inputs. The results of simulation and experiment using the controller based on estimated SAT showed this controller to be feasible and capable of eliminating the abrupt reaction torque increment caused by shutdown of EPS and of remedying the soft-disability of EPS system under common input signals. The electric power steering (EPS) system is designed to reduce the effort exerted by driver on the steering wheel. One of the most common and critical failures of EPS is the soft-disability of the torque sensor or the loss of its signal, which leads to the instant shutdown of the EPS system while turning and causes serious traffic accidents. In this paper, a novel controller based on the self-alignment torque (SAT) estimation was designed to remedy the soft-disability of EPS system. After the SAT estimation method was verified by the empirical Magic Formula (MF) tire model, the remedy control strategy based on the SAT estimation was developed and evaluated by simulations under step and sinusoidal inputs. To further evaluate the performance of the controller on a real vehicle, experiments on a real EPS system were implemented under step and sinusoidal inputs. The results of simulation and experiment using the controller based on estimated SAT showed this controller to be feasible and capable of eliminating the abrupt reaction torque increment caused by shutdown of EPS and of remedying the soft-disability of EPS system under common input signals.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia outer membrane protein A induces epithelial cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways

Xin Wang,Yan Li,Xueping Tang,Xueyi Shang,Zunquan Zhao,Yongqiang Jiang,Yan Li 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.10

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a common opportunistic pathogen in intensive care units and causes infections most often after surgeries in immune-compromised patients such as those undergoing chemotherapy. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is the most abundant of the outer membrane proteins in S. maltophilia. Previous studies on OmpA usually focus on its interaction with the host cells and its role in vaccine development. However, the impact of OmpA on the virulence of S. maltophilia to host cells and the effects on apoptosis remain unclear. In this study, we exposed purified recombinant S. maltophilia OmpA (rOmpA) to HEp-2 cells and investigated the effects of OmpA on epithelial cell apoptosis. Morphologic and flow cytometric analyses revealed that HEp-2 cells stimulated with rOmpA multiple apoptosis features, including nuclear roundness and pyknosis, chromatin aggregation, and phosphatidylserine eversion. We found that rOmpA regulated the protein levels of Bax and Bcl-xL in HEp-2 cells, leading to changes in mitochondria permeability and the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factors into the cytoplasm. These subsequently activate the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway that promote apoptosis. We also observed that rOmpA enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species and increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in HEp-2 cells. Collectively, our data suggested that rOmpA induced epithelial cells apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways.

Risk Assessment of Applicator Dermal Exposures to Chlorpyrifos by Applying Different Monitoring Methodology in Maize Cultivation

AN Xuehua,Cang Tao,ZHAO Xueping,Cai Leiming 한국농약과학회 2014 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Evaluation fo Field Performance and Approval criteria in Herbicide Registration in China

Zhen Li,Xuehua An,Xueping Zhao 한국잡초학회 2011 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.31 No.2