Genome based quantification of VHSV in multiple organs of infected olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) using real-time PCR

Hyunsu Kim,Kyung‑Wan Baek,고은지,Nguyen Thanh Luan,Yunjin Lim,Heyong Jin Roh,Nameun Kim,Do‑Hyung Kim,Ahran Kim,Yung Hyun Choi,Suhkmann Kim,Heui‑Soo Kim,Mee Sun Ock,차희재 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.7

Background Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a serious viral disease that infects the olive flounder in South Korea. The Korean aquaculture industry experienced an economic loss caused by the high infectivity and mortality. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the infection density of VHSV in various organs of the olive flounder including spleen, liver, kidney, stomach, esophagus, intestine, gill, muscle, heart, and brain. Olive flounders were collected from a local fish farm and injected subcutaneously with 106 PFU/fish. Methods Each 15 fish were sampled at 0, 3, and 7 days post challenge (dpc), respectively, to perform quantitative analysis of VHSV using SYBR-green based real-time PCR in various tissues including spleen, liver, head-kidney, body-kidney, muscle, esophagus, stomach, intestine, gill, and brain. Results Organs infected with VHSV were obtained after 3 and 7 days. Each organs were examined for viral infection using real-time PCR. The data obtained from this experiment revealed copy numbers higher than 10 copies per 100 ng cDNA in the spleen (15.26 ± 3.11 copies/100 ng of cDNA), muscle (11.24 ± 2.25 copies), and gill (14.23 ± 6.26 copies), but lower in liver, head-kidney, body-kidney, esophagus, brain and stomach. Conclusion The present study, together with previous data, demonstrated that the gill, spleen, and muscle are the major target organs of VHSV in olive flounder. Therefore, central monitoring of spleen, gill and muscle should be considered and might be necessary if anti-VHSV treatment is to be successful in infected olive flounder.

Enhanced Detection of Glycans by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Using a Binary Matrix of 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid

Kim, Yunjin,Kim, Taehee,Lee, Jihyeon,Im, Haeju,Kim, Jeongkwon Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2013 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.4 No.2

Glycans released from ovalbumin by PNGase F were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry using three different dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix systems: 2,5-DHB, 2,6-DHB, and a 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix. Relative to the results obtained with the single-component matrices (2,5-DHB or 2,6-DHB), the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix boasted lower background noise and higher sensitivity. A total of 16 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix, while only 10 and 9 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5-DHB and 2,6-DHB matrices, respectively.

Do we have to test hemoglobin level routinely after total laparoscopic hysterectomy?

( Yunjin Park ),( In Ok Lee ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Han Byoul Cho ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Jae-hoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sunghoon Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-

목적: Routine checking of hemoglobin (Hb) level after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) has been questioned by researchers. Postoperative Hb might help to find out patients who need intervention to correct postoperative anemia. The aim of this study is to investigate perioperative factors affecting to postoperative intervention and cut-off values of the factors for predicting the patients' probability of receiving postoperative intervention. 방법: Medical records of patients who underwent elective TLH in our institution from January 2012 to December 2014 were reviewed. Patients who had intraoperative complications including vaginal laceration, bladder rupture or received transfusion during the operations were excluded. Women who received transfusion or took iron agent before the operations were also excluded. Patients with or without postoperative intervention were classified. Postoperative intervention included intravenous or oral iron agent, transfusion, abdomino-pelvic computer tomography scan, and reoperation. 결과: A total of 966 women underwent TLH during study period. 265 patients (27.4%) were received postoperative intervention. Patients with postoperative intervention had lower preoperative and postoperative Hb level, longer operation time, heavy uterine weight and blood loss during operation compared with patients without postoperative intervention. (p<0.001) Analysis by subgroup divided by preoperative Hb level revealed that lower preoperative Hb level was related with smaller decrease of Hb level after operation and greater opportunity to receive postoperative intervention. (p<0.001) Cutoff value of preoperative Hb level for predicting the patients' probability of receiving postoperative intervention was 10.1 g/dL with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.837. (sensitivity: 0.343, specificity: 0.967) 결론: Possibility of having postoperative intervention after TLH is affected by not decreasing amount of Hb levels but absolute value of Hb level. Patients, whose preoperative Hb level was below 10.1g/dL, had strong possibility to take postoperative intervention to correct postoperative anemia.

Enhanced Detection of Glycans by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Using a Binary Matrix of 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid

Yunjin Kim,Taehee Kim,Jihyeon Lee,Haeju Im,Jeongkwon Kim 한국질량분석학회 2013 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.4 No.2

Glycans released from ovalbumin by PNGase F were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry using three different dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix systems: 2,5-DHB, 2,6- DHB, and a 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix. Relative to the results obtained with the single-component matrices (2,5-DHB or 2,6-DHB), the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix boasted lower background noise and higher sensitivity. A total of 16 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix, while only 10 and 9 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5- DHB and 2,6-DHB matrices, respectively.

An Analysis of Interaction Patterns in a Korean Elementary English Classroom

Yunjin Kim 한국외국어교육학회 2017 Foreign languages education Vol.24 No.2

This study aims to investigate the interaction patterns between the teacher and students or among students themselves in a Korean elementary English classroom by analysing classroom talk and by focusing on the types of the teacher’s questions and feedback as well as the use of L1 and L2. This analysis is used to determine the influence of such interaction on the students’ communicative skills in English. A female teacher in Gyeonggi province and a 6th-grade class participated in the data collection. This study included data from video or audio recordings, interviews, field notes, self-assessments, and portfolios. The transcribed data were analysed using Tsui’s (1994) framework and Verplaetse’s (1995, 2000) coding system. The results of this analysis indicated that the interaction patterns varied between participants into three groups: teacher-initiated talk (e.g., T-S talk) vs students-initiated talk (e.g., S-T talk & S-S talk). At the beginning stage of lesson, the teacher-initiated talk made up the majority of talk in English, and facilitated the students’ involvement in classroom learning including their language use. In the S-S talk, the students were involved in interaction which occurred naturally without the teacher’s control.

Sensory characteristics and flavor profiles of onion seasonings prepared by different extraction methods

Yunjin Choi,Euicheol Shin,Duhyeon Kim,Gibeom Choi,Dongmin Kim,Seonghui Kim,Chaehyeon Lee,Junho Song,Subin Park,Suengmok Cho 한국산업식품공학회 2022 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2022 No.04

Synthesis and Properties of N,N'-Bis(5-Aminosalicyl)-L-Cystine as a Colon-Specific Deliverer of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Cystine

Kim, Heejung,Kim, Duksoo,Choi, Daekyu,Jeon, Hyunchu,Han, Jungoh,Jung, Yunjin,Kong, Hyesik,Kim, Young Mi Informa Healthcare 2008 DRUG DELIVERY Vol.15 No.1

<P> N,N'-bis(5-aminosalicyl)-L-cystine (5-ASA-Cys) was prepared by a simple synthetic route. 5-ASA-Cys was not degraded in pH 1.2 and 6.8 buffer solutions, and in the homogenates of the upper intestine. In marked contrast, 5-ASA-Cys was deconjugated extensively to liberate 5-ASA in the cecal contents. Upon oral administration of 5-ASA-Cys to rats, the plasma concentration of 5-ASA-Cys was extremely low and the urinary recovery of 5-ASA-Cys was ∼ 10% of the dose. These results suggest that 5-ASA-Cys administered orally is delivered efficiently to the large intestine followed by deconjugation to liberate 5-ASA and cystine.</P>

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester activation of Nrf2 pathway is enhanced under oxidative state: Structural analysis and potential as a pathologically targeted therapeutic agent in treatment of colonic inflammation

Kim, Hyunjeong,Kim, Wooseong,Yum, Soohwan,Hong, Sungchae,Oh, Jeong-Eun,Lee, Ji-Woo,Kwak, Mi-Kyoung,Park, Eun Ji,Na, Dong Hee,Jung, Yunjin Elsevier 2013 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a polyphenolic natural product that possesses numerous biological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. CAPE-mediated nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation is likely responsible for some of its biological effects. CAPE was chemically modified to yield CAPE analogues that were subjected to experiments examining cellular Nrf2 activity. CAPE and the CAPE analogue with a catechol moiety, but not the other analogues, activated the Nrf2 pathway. In addition, only biotin-labeled CAPE analogues with the catechol moiety precipitated Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) when incubated with cell lysates and streptavidin agarose beads. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) oxidation of the catechol moiety in CAPE produced an oxidized, electrophilic form of CAPE (Oxi-CAPE) and greatly enhanced the ability of CAPE to activate Nrf2 and to bind to Keap1. Rectal administration of CAPE ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced rat colitis and activated the Nrf2 pathway in the inflamed colon, and incubation of CAPE in the lumen of the inflamed distal colon generated Oxi-CAPE. However, these biological effects and chemical change of CAPE were not observed in the normal colon. Our data suggest that CAPE requires the catechol moiety for the oxidation-enhanced activation of the Nrf2 pathway and has potential as a pathologically targeted Nrf2-activating agent that is exclusively activated in pathological states with oxidative stress such as colonic inflammation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The catechol moiety in caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is required for CAPE activation of Nrf2. </LI> <LI> Oxidized CAPE (most likely an electrophilic <I>o</I>-quinone form) is responsible for the biological activity of CAPE. </LI> <LI> CAPE ameliorates experimental rat colitis and generates the oxidized form of CAPE in the inflamed colonic tissues. </LI> <LI> CAPE activates the Nrf2 pathway in the inflamed colonic tissues but not in the normal colonic tissues. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Analysis of the Collaborative Reflection Processes of Two University Instructors.

YunJin Kim,Neil Briggs 한국외국어교육학회 2019 Foreign languages education Vol.26 No.1

This study explores how the shared reflections of two university instructors influenced their approaches and perspectives of English language teaching. The primary source of data was derived from the two teachers’ e-mail mediated, collaborative reflective journals and two dialogical interviews served as a secondary data source. A qualitative, narrative inquiry approach was employed to gather data in a direct and in-depth way. The data were selectively coded to investigate the teacher’s reported beliefs, behaviors, and interactions as well as how they relate to the process of professional development. The findings indicate that the process of sharing and reflecting upon their pedagogical philosophy and strategies supported their ongoing efforts to develop professionally. Moreover, this study addresses the notion that more attention should be paid towards improving reflective teaching among teachers as a means of enhancing professional development.

Conjugation of metronidazole with dextran: a potential pharmaceutical strategy to control colonic distribution of the anti-amebic drug susceptible to metabolism by colonic microbes

Kim, Wooseong,Yang, Yejin,Kim, Dohoon,Jeong, Seongkeun,Yoo, Jin-Wook,Yoon, Jeong-Hyun,Jung, Yunjin Dove Medical Press 2017 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.11 No.-

<P>Metronidazole (MTDZ), the drug of choice for the treatment of protozoal infections such as luminal amebiasis, is highly susceptible to colonic metabolism, which may hinder its conversion from a colon-specific prodrug to an effective anti-amebic agent targeting the entire large intestine. Thus, in an attempt to control the colonic distribution of the drug, a polymeric colon-specific prodrug, MTDZ conjugated to dextran via a succinate linker (Dex-SA-MTDZ), was designed. Upon treatment with dextranase for 8 h, the degree of Dex-SA-MTDZ depolymerization (%) with a degree of substitution (mg of MTDZ bound in 100 mg of Dex-SA-MTDZ) of 7, 17, and 30 was 72, 38, and 8, respectively, while that of dextran was 85. Depolymerization of Dex-SA-MTDZ was found to be necessary for the release of MTDZ, because dextranase pretreatment ensures that de-esterification occurs between MTDZ and the dextran backbone. In parallel, Dex-SA-MTDZ with a degree of substitution of 17 was found not to release MTDZ upon incubation with the contents of the small intestine and stomach of rats, but it released MTDZ when incubated with rat cecal contents (including microbial dextranases). Moreover, Dex-SA-MTDZ exhibited prolonged release of MTDZ, which contrasts with drug release by small molecular colon-specific prodrugs, MTDZ sulfate and <I>N</I>-nicotinoyl-2-{2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyloxy}-<SMALL>D</SMALL>,<SMALL>L</SMALL>-glycine. These prodrugs were eliminated very rapidly, and no MTDZ was detected in the cecal contents. Consistent with these in vitro results, we found that oral gavage of Dex-SA-MTDZ delivered MTDZ (as MTDZ conjugated to [depolymerized] dextran) to the distal colon. However, upon oral gavage of the small molecular prodrugs, no prodrugs were detected in the distal colon. Collectively, these data suggest that dextran conjugation is a potential pharmaceutical strategy to control the colonic distribution of drugs susceptible to colonic microbial metabolism.</P>