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Kojima, Yuki,Inazu, Koji,Hisamatsu, Yoshiharu,Okochi, Hiroshi,Baba, Toshihide,Nagoya, Toshio Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2010 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.4 No.1
The effectiveness of the government regulation on tail-pipe emission for diesel vehicles issued in 2003 in Tokyo was evaluated in this study. Variations in annual average concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs associated with airborne particulate matter were investigated in connection with the variation in airborne elemental carbon (EC) concentration in downtown Tokyo, Japan in 2006-2007 and in 1997-1998. The annual average concentrations of EC, seven different PAHs, and 1-nitropyrene were found to have decreased significantly from 1997-1998 to 2006-2007. The most prominent decrease in atmospheric concentration was observed for 1-nitropyrene, which is a representative nitro-PAH originating from diesel vehicles. This indicated that the government control has worked to considerably reduce both atmospheric mutagens and airborne particulate matter. In contrast, the concentrations of two nitro-PAHs, 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene, remained the same. These nitro-PAHs are known to be formed by atmospheric nitration of their parent PAHs, and this result suggested factors other than the concentration of parent PAHs and $NO_2$ affects the degree of atmospheric formation of nitro-PAHs.
Risk Factors for Acute Cholangitis Caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium
( Yuki Karasawa ),( Jun Kato ),( Satoshi Kawamura ),( Kentaro Kojima ),( Takamasa Ohki ),( Michiharu Seki ),( Kazumi ),( Tagawa ),( Nobuo Toda ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.4
Background/Aims: Acute cholangitis (AC) is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection, and timely antimicrobial treatment, faster than that achieved with bacterial cultures, is recommended. Although the current guidelines refer to empirical antimicrobial treatment, various kinds of antimicrobial agents have been cited because of insufficient analyses on the spectrum of pathogens in AC. Enterococcus spp. is one of the most frequently isolated Gram-positive bacteria from the bile of patients with AC, but its risk factors have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of AC caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Methods: Patients with AC who were hospitalized in a Japanese tertiary center between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ first AC episodes in the hospital were evaluated. Results: A total of 266 patients with AC were identified. E. faecalis and/or E. faecium was isolated in 56 (21%) episodes of AC. Prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), the presence of a biliary stent, prior cholecystectomy, and past intensive care unit admission were more frequently observed in AC patients with E. faecalis and/or E. faecium than in those without such bacteria. Prior EST was identified as an independent risk factor for AC caused by E. faecalis and/or E. faecium in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Given the intrinsic resistance of E. faecalis and E. faecium to antibiotics, clinicians should consider empirical therapy with anti-enterococcal antibiotics for patients with prior EST. (Gut Liver 2021;15:616-624)
Shu Yazaki,Yuki Kojima,Hiroshi Yoshida,Shigemasa Takamizawa,Rui Kitadai,Tadaaki Nishikawa,Tatsunori Shimoi,Kazuki Sudo,Ayumi Saito,Hitomi Sumiyoshi Okuma,Maki Tanioka,Emi Noguchi,Masaya Uno,Mitsuya Is 대한부인종양학회 2022 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.33 No.6
Objective: Folate receptor α (FRα) is a membrane protein expressed in various solid tumors but has limited expression in normal cells. Therefore, FRα is an attractive target for cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FRα expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and survivals of cervical cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with cervical cancer who underwent primary surgery between 2000 and 2020 at our institution. Immunohistochemical staining of FRα was performed using an anti-folate-binding protein/FBP antibody. FRα-positive staining was defined as ≥5% of tumor staining and FRα-high as ≥50% tumor staining with ≥2+ intensity. The association between FRα expression and survival was assessed using multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusting for established prognostic factors. Results: Overall, 123 patients were identified, and 140 tumor samples, including 17 paired primary and metastatic samples, were evaluated. As histological types, 67 patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 56 patients had non-SCC. All primary tumors were FRα-positive. High FRα expression was observed in 25% of the cases and differed according to histology (SCC vs. non-SCC, 14.9% vs. 37.5%, p=0.004). FRα expression was significantly higher in metastatic tumors than in primary (170 [IQR, 140–205] vs. 125 [IQR, 110–150], p=0.0006). High FRα expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 6.73; 95% confidence interval, 2.21–20.53; p=0.001). Conclusion: In cervical cancer, FRα expression was elevated in metastatic tumors and high expression was associated with a worse prognosis. Our study supports the development of FRα-targeted therapy for advanced cervical cancer.
Kawamura Satoshi,Karasawa Yuki,Toda Nobuo,Nakai Yousuke,Shibata Chikako,Kurokawa Ken,Arai Junya,Funato Kazuyoshi,Kurosaki Shigeyuki,Maeshima Shuya,Kondo Mayuko,Kojima Kentaro,Ohki Takamasa,Seki Michih 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.6
Background/Aims: Empiric antibiotics are given in combination with biliary drainage for acute cholangitis but sometimes turn out to be insensitive to microorganisms in blood and bile. Clinical outcomes were compared according to sensitivity to microorganisms detected in blood and bile culture to evaluate the impact of sensitivity to empiric antibiotics in cholangitis. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent biliary drainage for acute cholangitis were retrospectively studied. Clinical outcomes such as 30-day mortality, length of hospital stay and high care unit stay, organ dysfunction and duration of fever were compared in three groups: group A (sensitive to both blood and bile culture), group B (sensitive to blood culture alone) and group C (insensitive to both blood and bile culture). Results: Eighty episodes of cholangitis were classified according to sensitivity results: 42, 32 and six in groups A, B and C. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were two major pathogens. There were no significant differences in 30-day mortality rate (7%, 0%, and 0%, p=0.244), length of hospital stay (28.5, 21.0, and 20.5 days, p=0.369), organ dysfunction rate (14%, 25%, and 17%, p=0.500), duration of fever (4.3, 3.2, and 3.5 days, p=0.921) and length of high care unit stay (1.4, 1.2, and 1.7 days, p=0.070) in groups A, B and C. Empiric antibiotics were changed in 11 episodes but clinical outcomes appeared to be non-inferior even in 31 episodes of cholangitis who were on inadequate antibiotics throughout the course. Conclusions: Sensitivity of empiric antibiotics was not associated with clinical outcomes in acute cholangitis.
斜面市街地における取り組みからみた居住地としての持続可能性に関する研究
金ドン均(Kim,Dong-Gyun),有馬隆文(Arima,Takafumi),?島有紀(Kojima,Yuki) 한국주거환경학회 2014 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.12 No.1
본 연구는 일본의 많은 경사 도시들 중 선진 도시라고 할 수 있는 나가사키 시를 대상으로 경사 시가지가 안고 있는 문제점을 파악하고, 그 문제점의 해결 수법 및 여러 가지 사업 및 대처 방안 등을 조사 및 고찰을 통해 지속 가능한 경사도시를 위한 방안을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현재 경사 시가지에서는 도로 부족 및 높은 경사면 등으로 인한 낮은 접근성과 접도 의무1) 및 비싼 공사비로 인해 어려운 건물 및 부지의 갱신 등의 문제점으로 인해 인구 감소. 빈집 증가, 고령화 등의 문제가 심각화 되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 나가사키 시에서 일어나고 있는 해결 수법 및 사업 등을 조사 한 결과, 그 목적에 따라 크게 ①건물 및 부지이용의 갱신을 위한 방안, ②이동 및 교통 지원방안, ③생활 지원 방안, ④방재 및 사고방지 방안으로 나눌 수 있었다. 또한 이러한 나가사키 시의 해결 수법 및 대처 방안의 특징으로서는 행정과 시민 단체, 민간 기업이 연계되어 각 사업을 지원 을 통해 많은 사업이 지속 가능하다는 것을 본 연구를 통해 알게 되었다. 반면, 나가사키 시에서 독자적으로 행하여지고 있는 여러 가지 대처 방안 및 사업에 대하여 상세히 조사 및 분석 한 결과, 현재 고령화가 심각한 경사시가지의 거주자를 위한 대처 방안 및 사업이 많고, 젊은 인구 및 세대수의 증가, 신축 건물의 증가 등의 근본적인 문제 해결에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하고 있다는 것을 알게 되었다. 지금 대부분의 도시들은 인구감소 현상이 지속되고 있으며, 평지와 비교하여 여러 기반시설이 부족한 경사 시가지에서는 그 현상이 더욱 심각해지고 있으며 이러한 상태가 지속 될 경우 주거지로서의 기능을 상실 할 뿐 만 아니라 도시 전체에 악 영향을 미칠지도 모른다. 그러나 경사 시가지는 수려한 경관, 양호한 커뮤니티, 저렴한 지가 등 주거지로서의 충분한 메리트를 가지고있으며, 지금 현재 나가사키 시에서 일어나고 있는 여러 가지 대처 방안 및 사업들과 더불어 장기적인 관점에서 등 경사 시가지가 가진 메리트를 충분히 활용한 대처방안이 더해진다면 경사 시가지의 주거지로서의 지속 가능성은 높다고 판단된다.