Genome-wide analysis of the GRAS gene family exhibited expansion model and functional differentiation in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

Yu Liyang,Zhang Guoyun,Lyu Zhongrui,He Caiyun,Zhang Jianguo 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.4

Key message Genome-wide identification of the sea buckthorn GRAS genes and their transcription profiles in dif- ferent organizations. Abstract GRAS proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that experienced extensive replication, and play important roles in many aspects of growth regulatory and environmental signals. Sea buckthorn is a unique and valuable plant which has tremendous value for medical researching, ecological protection, and providing daily necessities. We iden- tified, characterized, and distinguished duplication models of GRAS transcription factors in sea buckthorn. A systematic whole-genome analysis was performed to identify and characterize the GRAS gene family of sea buckthorn, especially the comparative genome method was used to demonstrate its different duplication models. We identified 62 sea buckthorn GRAS (HrGRAS) genes and renamed based on their respective chromosome distribution. Fifty-nine HrGRASs were classified into nine subgroups and three HrGRASs did not belong to any of the subfamilies according to their phylogenetic features. HrGRAS genes tend to have a representative GRAS domain, few introns, and unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Seg- mental duplication was the main driver of the GRAS gene family expansion, followed by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication, according to the results of comparative genome analysis. GRAS genes involved in duplication expe- rienced strong purifying selection pressure according to the Ka/Ks ratios. The expression profile derived from transcriptome data shows the expression patterns of HrGRAS gene in different tissues and the characterization of differentially expressed genes. This systematic analysis provided a foundation to understand the expansion and potential functions of GRAS genes with an aim of sea buckthorn crop improvement.

Insights into the evolutionary origin and expansion of the BBX gene family

Yu Liyang,Lyu Zhongrui,Liu Hong,Zhang Guoyun,He Caiyun,Zhang Jianguo 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.2

The B-box proteins are a class of zinc finger transcription factors and play important roles in regulating plant growth, devel- opment, and stress response. However, their origin and expansion model in plants have been very vague. In this study, 208 B-box genes were identified in 18 plant species, and phylogenetic analyses divided them into five structure groups. Subse- quently, the sequence analysis including theoretical isoelectric point, instability index, and aliphatic index showed the wide variation of B-box gene in different species. Our multispecies genome-wide analysis reveals that the structure groups III and IV in the plant BBX gene family have the earliest origin (Rhodophyta) and are extensively expanded in land plants, while the other three structure groups (I, II, and V) seem to originate at least in the last common ancestor of land plants. Further- more, whole genome duplication (WGD) was the main driver (28 gene pairs, 65.12%) of the B-box gene family expansion, followed by segmental duplication, which tend to have more introns and are subject to more intense purification selections. We also analyzed the sequence differences between B-box domains to propose a new evolutionary model of B-box domain. These analyses provide new insights for understanding the origin and evolution of the B-box gene family.

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profile analysis of BBX gene family in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima)

Yu Liyang,Wang Dongsheng,Huang Ruimin,Cao Fei,Guo Chunlei,Zhang Jingzheng 한국식물생명공학회 2024 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.18 No.1

The B-box (BBX) proteins are a class of zinc finger transcription factors and play critical roles in plant development and growth. However, they have not been systematically characterized in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), an important nut with rich nutrition and high economic value. Here, 18 BBX genes were identified in Chinese chestnut genome and divided into five groups through phylogenetic analysis, with members in the same group containing the same conserved domain organization. The collinearity analysis showed that dispersed duplication played a major role in the expansion of CmBBX gene family inferred to have evolved through purifying selection. Transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR experiments suggested that CmBBX genes showed different expression patterns in different Chinese chestnut tissues, and revealed some CmBBXs may have potential functions in the development of Chinese chestnut buds, nuts, fertile/abortive ovules. Combined with the analysis of conserved domain, motif, cis-elements, expression level and protein three-dimensional structure, the lack of cis- acting elements related to meristem expression and gibberellin-responsiveness may lead to the no-expression of CmBBX9 in Chinese chestnut. The systematic analysis of Chinese chestnut BBX genes provides a basis for further understanding the characteristics and potential functions of BBX gene family.

Electrostatic spraying of membrane electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Ruiliang Liu,Wei Zhou,Liyang Wan,Pengyang Zhang,Shuangli Li,Yu Gao,Dongsheng Xu,Congcong Zheng,Mingfeng Shang 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.1

In order to improve the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the optimization of electrostatic spraying of membrane electrode was conducted. The influence of the spraying voltage on morphology, elemental composition of catalyst layer, and performance of the PEMFC were investigated. The results show that increasing spraying voltage could reduce agglomeration of the carbon-supported platinum particles, leading to more uniform pore distribution. High voltage did not accelerate oxidation of platinum catalyst. A high electrochemical active surface area of 26.18m2/gpt was obtained when the platinum-carbon catalyst layer was deposited in cone jet mode. With further increasing spraying voltage, the total ohmic resistance and catalytic activity were changed slightly, whereas the charge transfer resistance was increased. Using the optimized electrostatic spraying parameters (injection rate=100 μL min−1, spraying voltage=8.5 kV, and working distance= 12 mm), a peak power density of 1.408Wcm−2 was obtained with an output voltage of 0.451 V.

Dynamic analysis of the dual-rotor system considering the defect size uncertainty of the inter-shaft bearin

Bowen Tian,Zeyang Yu,Liyang Xie,Yu Zhang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

In this paper, the stochastic dynamic analysis of a dual-rotor system with a local defect on the inner raceway of the inter-shaft bearing is presented. The dynamic model of the dual-rotor system is also proposed. The defect size and its uncertainty are considered. The non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion model is utilized to deal with the uncertainty of the defect size, and the validity of the model is verified. The probability density distribution of vibration displacements for the dual-rotor system is obtained. Results indicate that the mean value (MV) and standard deviation (SD) of the defect edge length have extremely significant effects on the displacement distribution of high-pressure rotor. The coefficients of variation of the displacements along x 2 and φ x directions for high-pressure rotor increase by 6.56 and 7.06 times, respectively. When the MV of the defect edge length increases by three times, 3.46 times, and 3.69 times, its SD increases by five times. The increase of eccentricity has opposite effects on the vibration displacements of high- and low-pressure rotors. The variation of the radial clearance of the inter-shaft bearing has a complex influence on the dual-rotor system. As the radial clearance increases, the displacement dispersion of the low-pressure rotor along θ x direction is almost unchanged. However, that along x 1 direction is increased.