Effects of chronic exposure to cefadroxil and cefradine on <i>Daphnia magna</i> and <i>Oryzias latipes</i>

Kim, Bokyung,Ji, Kyunghee,Kho, Younglim,Kim, Pan-Gyi,Park, Kyunghwa,Kim, Kyungtae,Kim, Youngsuk,Kim, Ki-Tae,Choi, Kyungho Pergamon Press 2017 Chemosphere Vol.185 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cefadroxil and cefradine have frequently been detected in surface waters, however toxicological studies in aquatic organisms have mostly been limited to acute lethal effects. In the present study, endocrine disruption caused by cefadroxil and cefradine, and its underlying mechanism were investigated by chronic exposure of <I>Daphnia magna</I> (21 d) and <I>Oryzias latipes</I> (120 d). In medaka fish, the effects on growth, mortality, and reproduction, as well as on the levels of hormones and genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, were investigated after 120 d exposure. In <I>D. magna</I>, the chronic effects on growth were observed at the highest concentration of 83.0 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> cefadroxil and 80.8 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> cefradine. The growth of juvenile fish was significantly impaired by exposure to cefradine. Following exposure to cefadroxil and cefradine for 120 d, sex-dependent changes in E2 hormones were observed and their levels were supported by the regulation of genes along the HPG axis. We found that chronic exposure to cefadroxil and cefradine impaired growth and reproduction in a freshwater invertebrate and fish, and altered the levels of sex hormones and genes associated with the HPG axis in fish.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cefadroxil and cefradine impaired growth in a freshwater invertebrate and a fish. </LI> <LI> Cephalosporin antibiotics altered gene transcriptions of the HPG axis in fish. </LI> <LI> Cefadroxil and cefradine modulated sex hormones and genes in a sex-dependent way. </LI> </UL> </P>

Urinary parabens and triclosan concentrations and associated exposure characteristics in a Korean population—A comparison between night-time and first-morning urine

Kim, Sujin,Lee, Seonyeong,Shin, Chorong,Lee, Jangwoo,Kim, Sunmi,Lee, Aram,Park, Jeongim,Kho, Younglim,Moos, Rebecca K.,Koch, Holger M.,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Kyungho Elsevier 2018 International journal of hygiene and environmental Vol.221 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Parabens and triclosan have been widely used in many personal care products and cosmetics. The endocrine disrupting potential of these compounds is of increasing public health concern. The aim of this study is to understand the current exposure profile of these chemicals in last void before bedtime (night-time) and first-morning void (first-morning) urines among a Korean population and to characterize their exposure sources and pathways.</P> <P>A total of 261 people, including infants (0–2 years), toddlers (3–6 years), children (7–12 years), adolescents (13–18 years), and adults (≥19 years), were recruited, and sampled for night-time urine and first-morning urine of the following day. Methyl (MeP), ethyl (EtP), propyl (PrP) and butyl paraben (BuP), and triclosan were measured in urine. The demographic characteristics, use of personal care products, and food consumption were obtained through a questionnaire.</P> <P>Among the target compounds, EtP and MeP were most frequently detected at the highest concentrations. The median concentration of EtP in night-time urine was 32.4 μg/L (interquartile range: 8.37–82.8 μg/L), which is higher than previously reported worldwide. Unlike other test compounds, compared to those measured from first-morning urine, the EtP concentrations were significantly higher in night-time urine, suggesting the presence of different exposure sources. Among adults, the MeP and PrP concentrations in night-time urine were associated with frequent use of skin care products, colored cosmetics, bath products, toothpaste, vinyl food packaging, or consumption of canned food. The MeP and PrP concentrations were higher in females than in males, especially in night-time urine. The results of this study also show that multiple urine samples are necessary to capture the diurnal variation of non-occupational exposure to environmental chemicals, such as parabens.</P>

Increasing utilization of abdominal CT in the Emergency Department of a secondary care center

Younglim Kim,Gu Kang,Suk-Bae Moon 대한외과학회 2014 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.87 No.5

Purpose: The use of abdominal computed tomography (ACT) utilization is increasing to a remarkable extent in the pediatric Emergency Department (ED), but the clinical benefit of increased use of ACT for pediatric surgical patients remains uncertain. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted to investigate if, for patients who had visited pediatric ED during the last 5 years, increasing utilization of ACT would increase the detection rate of acute appendicitis, increase the detection rate of surgical conditions other than appendicitis, and decrease the hospital admission rate for surgical conditions. Results: During the study period, there were 37,918 ED visits; of these, 3,274 (8.6%) were for abdominal pain, 844 (2.2%) had ACT performed. The annual proportional increase of the ACT was statistically significant (1.56% to 2.46%, P = 0.00), but the detection rate of acute appendicitis (3.3% to 5.1%) or other surgical conditions (1.7% to 2.8%) showed no statistically significant changes. Hospital admission rates (5.6% to 6.8%) also showed no significant changes during the study period. Conclusion: Increasing utilization of ACT does not lead to the improved outcomes in caring for pediatric surgical patients visiting the pediatric ED. Careful evaluation for the indication for ACT is needed in the pediatric ED.

Inhibitory effect of sustained perivascular delivery of paclitaxel on neointimal hyperplasia in the jugular vein after open cutdown central venous catheter placement in rats

Seongyup Kim,Younglim Kim,Ji Woong Hwang,Suk-Bae Moon 대한외과학회 2017 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.92 No.2

Purpose: Inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on neointimal hyperplasia after open cutdown has not been elucidated. Methods: For the control group (n = 16), silicone 2.7-Fr catheters were placed via the right external jugular vein with the cutdown method. For the treatment group (n = 16), a mixture of 0.65 mg of paclitaxel and 1 mL of fibrin glue was infiltrated around the exposed vein after cutdown. After scheduled intervals (1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks), the vein segment was harvested and morphometric analysis was performed on cross-sections. Results: Proliferation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) was strongly suppressed in the treatment group, and the ratio of neointima to vein wall was significantly reduced in the treatment group (8 weeks; 0.63 ± 0.08 vs. 0.2 ± 0.08, P < 0.05). Luminal patency was significantly more preserved in the treatment group, and the luminal area was significantly wider in the paclitaxel-treated group compared to the control group (8 weeks; 1.91 ± 0.43 mm2 vs. 5.1 ± 0.43 mm2, P < 0.05). Mean SMC counts measured at 1 and 2 weeks after cutdown were significantly lower in the treatment group (2 weeks; 115 ± 22 vs. 62 ± 22). Paclitaxel was undetectable in systemic circulation (<10 ng/mL). Conclusion: Sustained perivascular delivery of paclitaxel with fibrin glue was effective in inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in rat jugular vein after open cutdown.

Solidification of Borate Waste Using Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Waste Form

Byoungkwan Kim,Juhyeok Lee,Jaehyuk Kang,Younglim Shin,Won-Seok Kim,Wooyong Um 한국방사성폐기물학회 2020 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2020 No.12

스마트 신발에 적용하기 위한 보행 특징 모니터링 구현 방법

김아현(AHyeon Kim),백수진(SuJin Baek),최영림(YoungLim Choi),김종욱(Jong-Wook Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2023 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2023 No.6

청소년의 디지털 성폭력의 개념분석

김민송(Minsong Kim),이재영(Jaeyoung Lee),임영림(Younglim Lim),김나현(Nahyun Kim) 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2023 계명간호과학 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of digital sexual violence in adolescents. Methods: Using the framework of Walker and Avant’s conceptual analysis, 22 articles on digital sexual violence in adolescents were selected for this study. Results: Attributes were derived from repeated and persistent sexual exploitation, unlimited sexual exposure to the anonymous public, unilateral/collective violence, inevitable bondage, and permanent sexual stigma. Antecedents were identified familiar digital media, low self-esteem, digital grooming, and a lack of a support system. Consequences were identified as emotional disorder, behavioral disorder(drug abuse, suicidal thoughts, etc.), social isolation, interpersonal avoidance, and daily life disruption. The definition of digital sexual violence against adolescents involves repetitive and persistent sexual exploitation using information and communication technologies and digital media. It is a unilateral and collective act of violence that enables unlimited sexual exposure to the anonymous public, imposes inevitable bondage on the victims and causes permanent sexual stigmatisation. Conclusion: This study is expected to contribute to the development of educational programs and conceptual measurement tools for the prevention of digital sexual violence among adolescents.

유치원 방과후 과정 특성화 프로그램에 관한 교사와 학부모의 인식 연구

김정은(JungEun Kim),허영림(YoungLim Hur) 국민대학교 교육연구소 2013 교육논총 Vol.32 No.-

본 연구는 유치원 방과후 과정 특성화 프로그램의 운영현황과 유치원 방과후 과정 특성화 프로그램에 관한 교사와 학부모의 인식을 알아봄으로써 교사와 학부모가 만족할 수 있는 효과적인 프로그램을 운영하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 G시의 방과후 과정을 실시하고 있는 공립 병설유치원의 방과후 과정 담당교사 50명과 유치원 방과후 과정에 유아를 보내고 있는 학부모 173명이며, 본 연구에서는 김은영, 최은영, 조혜주(2010), 박하나(2011), 양혜라(2012), 정가영(2012)의 연구에서 사용한 설문지를 교사용 설문지와 학부모용 설문지로 수정ㆍ보완하여 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과는 첫째, 실시현황으로 생활체육 프로그램의 실시율이 가장 높았으며, 1회 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 유아의 수는 21명∼25명, 주 1회, 40분대 수업을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유치원 방과후 과정 특성화 프로그램에 관한 교사의 인식은 생활체육 프로그램이 만족도가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 필요한 프로그램으로는 체육, 음악, 미술, 외국어 프로그램으로 나타났다. 운영 시 문제점에 대해 우수 강사 확보 및 질 관리와 부모 요구와의 차이에 대한 어려움을 나타냈으며, 활성화를 위해서는 우수한 강사 확보 및 강사의 질 관리가 필요하다는 인식을 나타냈다. 셋째, 유치원 방과후 과정 특성화 프로그램에 관한 학부모의 인식을 알아 본 결과, 생활체육 프로그램이 수업 내용, 유아의 흥미에 대해 만족도가 높은 프로그램으로 나타났으며, 필요한 프로그램은 체육, 음악, 미술, 외국어, 창의 프로그램을 선정 하였다. 프로그램 선택 시 학부모가 고려하는 사항은 프로그램에 대한 유아의 흥미와 프로그램의 내용으로 나타났으며, 시행 후 변화에 대해 사교육에 도움이 되었지만, 인식 개선을 위해서는 홍보와 교육이 필요하다는 인식을 나타냈다. This research grasps the operation of kindergarten's after school program and teacher and parents perception of kindergarten's after school program, to provide the basic data to effectively run kindergarten's after school program which both teachers and parents can satisfy. The research subjects were 50 head teachers of kindergarten's after school program from G city public kindergartens that are running kindergarten's after school program and 173 parents who are sending their children to kindergarten's after school program. The survey used in this research is a survey used by Kim Eun-young, Choi Eun-young, Cho Hye-ju (2010), Park Ha-na (2011), Yang Hye-ra (2012), Jung Ga-young (2012), modified and supplemented as a survey for teachers and a survey for parents. The results of this research are as follows. First, as a result of the operation status of kindergarten's after school program, sports for all program were most frequently being implemented. The number of participating children in one program are about 21~25, the frequency of activity in a week is once, requiring about 40 minutes for the activity. Second, as a result of the teacher's perception concerning kindergarten's after school program, the satisfaction of the program and curriculum was high in sports for all program, needed programs were physical education, music, art, foreign language programs. Showed difficulties of problems of procuring excellent instructors, as well as quality supervision and differences of parents' demand and parents having high satisfaction, and importance of procuring excellent instructors as well as quality supervision of instructors. Third, as a result of the parents' perception concerning kindergarten's after school program, the satisfaction of the program, curriculum and the children's interest was high in sports for all program, and parents picked physical education, music, art programs. Parents consideration were children's interest and the curriculum when choosing a program. The changes made after carrying out the program, helped private education but there is a need for public relations and education to improve the perception.

Comparing levels of perfluorinated compounds in processed marine products

Jeong, Yu-Jin,Bang, Sunah,Kim, Jihyun,Chun, Su-Hyun,Choi, Seogyeong,Kim, Jinhye,Chung, Myung-Sub,Kang, Gil Jin,Kang, Young-Woon,Kim, Junghoan,Kho, Younglim,Joo, Yongsung,Lee, Kwang-Won Elsevier 2019 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.126 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widely distributed in nature and have many applications due to their unique chemical and physicochemical properties. While, PFCs are present in soil, water, and air, their pathway for entry into the human body is circumstantially via contaminated food. The demand for seafood has been increasing. In this study, we investigated via LC-MS/MS, the content of 19 different types of PFCs in 302 samples belonging to five different categories of the typical South Korean seafood. The highest levels of PFOA, PFTrDA, PFOS, and PFPeA were found in dried seafood, canned and salted seafood, processed fish food, and seasoned laver, respectively. The levels of PFOA and PFOS were compared on the basis of various criteria including the nomenclature, biological classification, and habitat of the source of seafood. High levels of PFOA and PFOS were detected in anchovy, sea squirt, and mackerel based on the nomenclature of raw seafood, in crustaceans based on the biological classification, and in demersal organisms based on the habitat. The human intake values of PFOA and PFOS from the processed marine products in South Korea were lower than the tolerable daily intake, indicating that the consumption of these processed seafood poses no immediate harm.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Method validation of each food base was performed. </LI> <LI> 19 types of PFCs showed different patterns in 5 processed seafoods. </LI> <LI> The main cause of the detected levels of PFOA and PFOS was fish species. </LI> <LI> Dry process and characteristics of PFCs affect their levels in dried seafood. </LI> <LI> The levels of PFOA and PFOS were higher in demersal fish than in pelagic fish. </LI> </UL> </P>

Ammonolysis-Induced Solvent Removal : A Facile Approach for Solidifying Emulsion Droplets into PLGA Microspheres

Kim, Jayoung,Hong, Dasom,Chung, Younglim,Sah, Hongkee 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2008 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.18

An ammonolysis-based microencapsulation technique useful for the preparation of biodegradable microspheres was described in this study. A dispersed phase consisting ot poly-ㅇ,L-lactide-co-glycolide, progesterone, and methyl chloroacetate was emulsified in an aqueous phase. Upon addition of ammonia solution, the emulsion droplets were quickly transformed into poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres laden with progesterone. Rapid solvent removal was accompanied by ammonolysis. The chemical reaction converted water-immiscible methyl chloroacetate to water-iniscible chloroacetaipide and methanol. Chloroacetamide formation was proved by ¹H NMR and ESI-MS studies. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the microspheres contained only small amounts of residual methyl chloroacetate. Incorporation efficiencies of progesterone ranged from 64.3 ± 1.1 to 72.8 ± 0,3%, depending upon microsphere formulations. X-ray powder diffractometry analysis substantiated that no polymorphic transition of progesterone occurred during microeneapsulation. To evaluate the feasibility of this new method against the commonly used microencapsulation method, microspheres were also prepared by a typical dichloroinethane-based solvent evaporation process. The important attributes of microspheres prepared from both methods were characterized for comparison. The new ammonolysis-hased microencapsulation process showed interesting features distinct from those of the solvent evaporation process. The microencapsulation process reported in this study might he applicable in loading pharmaceuticals into various polymeric microspheres.