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남은주,YoungJaeLee,YoungAhOh,JinAhJung,임혜인,SeongEunKoh,SunghoMaeng,WanSeokJoo,김용식 대한약리학회 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.7 No.6
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) inhibits electron transport in mitochondria, leading to a metabolic failure. In order to elucidate the mechanism underlying this toxicity, we examined a few biochemical changes possibly involved in the process, such as metabolic inhibition, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA strand breakage, and activation of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Exposure of SK-N-BE (2) C neuroblastoma cells to 3-NP for 48 h caused actual cell death, while inhibition of mitochondrial function was readily observed when exposed for 24 h to low concentrations (0.2~2 mM) of 3-NP. The earliest biochemical change detected with low concentration of 3-NP was an accumulation of ROS (4 h after 3-NP exposure) followed by degradation of DNA. PARP activation by damaged DNA was also detectable, but at a later time. The accumulation of ROS and DNA strand breakage were suppressed by the addition of glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which also partially restored mitochondrial function and cell viability. In addition, inhibition of PARP also reduced the 3-NP-induced DNA strand breakage and cytotoxicity. These results suggest that oxidative stress and activation of PARP are the major factors in 3-NP-induced cytotoxicity, and that the inhibition of these factors may be useful in protecting neuroblastoma cells from 3-NP-induced toxicity.
Excimer Laser-Assisted In Situ Phosphorous Doped Si(1-x)Gex Epilayer Activation
배지철,YoungjaeLee 한국전자통신연구원 2003 ETRI Journal Vol.25 No.4
This paper presents results from experiments on laserannealed SiGe-selective epitaxial growth (LA-SiGe-SEG). The SiGe-SEG technology is attractive for devices that require a low band gap and high mobility. However, it is difficult to make such devices because the SiGe and the highly doped region in the SiGe layer limit the thermal budget. This results in leakage and transient enhanced diffusion. To solve these problems, we grew in situ doped SiGe SEG film and annealed it on an XMR5121 high power XeCl excimer laser system. We successfully demonstrated this LA-SiGe-SEG technique with highly doped Ge and an ultra shallow junction on p-type Si (100). Analyzing the doping profiles of phosphorus, Ge compositions, surface morphology, and electric characteristics, we confirmed that the LA-SiGe-SEG technology is suitable for fabricating high-speed, low-power devices.
Ceramide is involved in MPP+-induced Cytotoxicity in HumanNeuroblastoma Cells
남은주,Hye-SookLee,YoungJaeLee,Wan-SeokJoo,SunghoMaeng,임혜인,Chan-WoongPark,김용식 대한약리학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.6 No.6
To understand the cytotoxic mechanism of MPP+, we examined the involvement of ceramide in MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. When SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to MPP+,MPP+ induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity accompanied by 2-fold elevation of intracellular ceramide levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Three methods were used to test the hypothesis that the elevated intracellular ceramide is related to MPP+-induced cytotoxicity: C2-ceramide was directly applied to cells, sphingomyelinase (SMase) was exogenously added, and oleoylethanolamine (OE) was used to inhibit degradation of ceramide. Furthermore, inhibition of ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP), the effector of ceramide, using okadaic acid (OA) attenuated cell death but treatment of fumonisin B1, the ceramide synthase inhibitor, did not alter the cytotoxic effect of MPP+. Based on these, we suggest that the elevation of intracellular ceramide is one of the important mediators in MPP+ -induced cell death.
Youngjae Lee,Wooshin Choi,Donghoon Lee,장진화,Ji-Houn Kang,Ji-hye Choi,Dongwoo Chang 대한수의학회 2016 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.17 No.2
Caudal pulmonary artery diameter (CPAD) to body surface area (BSA) ratios were measured in ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs to assess the correlation between CPAD to BSA ratios and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in dogs. Thoracic radiographs of 44 dogs with systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and 55 normal dogs were evaluated. Systolic PAP was estimated by Doppler echocardiography. CPADs were measured at their largest point at the level of tracheal bifurcation on ventrodorsal radiographs. Both right and left CPAD to BSA ratios were significantly higher in the PAH group than in the normal group (p < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed positive associations between PAP and right and left CPAD to BSA ratio (right, p = 0.0230; left, p = 0.0012). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the CPAD to BSA ratio had moderate diagnostic accuracy for detecting PAH. The operating point, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 28.35, 81.40%, 81.82%, and 0.870; respectively, for the right side and 26.92, 80.00%, 66.67%, and 0.822, respectively, for the left. The significant correlation of CPAD to BSA ratio with echocardiography-estimated systolic PAP supports its use in identifying PAH on survey thoracic radiographs in dogs.
( Young Jae Lee ),( Woon Hyun Lee ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2015 패션 비즈니스 Vol.19 No.6
The purpose of this study is to analyze the operation situation & academic research trends in Seoul and Gyeonggi area, based on theoretical consideration on academic credit bank system, focusing on academic credit bank system where a lifelong education institute affiliated with a university produces graduates with associate’s degree. To find out about how academic credit bank institutes are operated in cosmetology field, the analysis of literature review was used, in reference to the literatures as well as administrative data from the Ministry of Education and institutes for lifelong education with respect to academic credit bank system. Further, dissertations and articles in journals were also reviewed for analysis, in order to see academic research trends with respect to academic credit bank system in cosmetology, and finally to provide the directions for a follow-up study in the future. It was found that about 120 junior colleges have cosmetology departments, while only about 20 4-year universities have them, where lifelong education systems such as lifelong education are essential for learners to have bachelor’s degree to go to a graduate school in reality. Every year more people want to learn and acquire the degree through a lifelong education institute affiliated with a university. In this regard, it is thought that there should be first positive social awareness towards a degree recipient from such educations and more administrative promotion and active engagement of government, businesses and schools, in order to vitalize academic credit bank system. Meanwhile, there are only about 10 academic literatures including the dissertations on the operation of academic credit bank system with respect to cosmetology, which is not sufficient number in academic research, compared to the increasing number of people who want to acquire the degree. Most of the preceding studies have been limited to education services and learners’ satisfaction level. Therefore, continuous follow-up study is required on how to improve social awareness as well as teachers and instructors’ satisfaction level, as well as how to develop industry-customized curriculum, in order to ensure active academic credit bank system.
Identification of matrix metalloproteinases secreted by human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells
Young Jae Lee,Keun Cheon Kim,Jeong Mook Lim,Seung Tae Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2022 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.37 No.1
To date, the development of anticancer drugs has been conducted using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems. However, since cancer cells in the body are generated and developed in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, the use of 2D anticancer drug screening can make it difficult to accurately evaluate the anticancer effects of drug candidates. Therefore, as a step towards developing a cancer cellfriendly 3D microenvironment based on a combination of vinylsulfone-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-VS) with dicysteine-containing crosslinker peptides with an intervening matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-specific cleavage site, the types of MMPs secreted from human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, a representative cancer cell, were analyzed transcriptionally and translationally. MMP3 was confirmed to be the most highly expressed protease secreted by HepG2 cells. This knowledge will be important in the design of a crosslinker necessary for the construction of PEG-based hydrogels customized for the 3D culture of HepG2 cells.
전정병증에서 뇌병변 감별을 위한 시고정 지수의 유용성 평가
Young Jae Lee,Wonyong Baek,Sung-Il Cho,Gi-Sung Nam 대한평형의학회 2023 Research in Vestibular Science Vol.22 No.4
Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of the fixation index (FI) of the bithermal caloric test for differentiating brain lesions in vestibular disorder. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 286 consecutive dizzy patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the bithermal caloric test at department of otorhinolarnygology. Central vestibulopathy (CVP) was defined as when corresponding lesion was identified on brain MRI, otherwise peripheral vestibulopathy (PVP) was defined. The FI was defined as the mean slow phase velocity (SPV) with fixation divided by the mean SPV without fixation, and failure was indicated when the FI exceeded 70%. Results: The CVP confirmed by brain MRI and PVP were 16.8% and 83.2%, respectively. The most common CVPs were cerebellopontine angle tumor (n=19, 39.6%) and chronic cerebellar infarction (n=18, 37.5%). There were 23 cases of CVP (47.9%) and 47 cases of PVP (19.7%) with abnormal number of FI in at least two of the four caloric irrigations. The FI score of right cool (RC), left cool (LC), and right warm (RW) were also increased significantly in patients with CVP (p=0.031 at RCFI, p=0.014 at LCFI, p=0.047 at RWFI, and p=0.057 at LWFI; Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusions: If two or more abnormal FIs are detected during bithermal caloric testing, there is a high likelihood of CVP. Consequently, additional brain MRI may be necessary for further evaluation.