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Diverse Effects of Small Molecule Inhibitors on Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics in HIV-1 Infection
YoungHyun Shin,Byeong-Sun Choi,Kyung-Chang Kim,김기순,윤철희 대한미생물학회 2019 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.49 No.2
The dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the process of cell division, the transportation of organelles, vesicle trafficking and cell movement. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hijacks the actin dynamics network during the viral entry and migration of the pre-integration complex (PIC) into the nucleus. Actin dynamics linked to HIV-1 has emerged as a potent therapeutic target against HIV infection. Although some inhibitors have been intensely analyzed with regard to HIV-1 infection, their effects are sometimes disputed and the exact mechanisms for actin dynamics in HIV infection have not been well elucidated. In this study, the small molecules regulating HIV-1 infection from diverse inhibitors of the actin dynamic network were screened. Two compounds, including Chaetoglobosin A and CK-548, were observed to specifically bar the viral infection, while the cytochalasin family, 187-1, N-WASP inhibitor, Rho GTPase family inhibitors (EHop-016, CID44216842, and ML-141) and LIMK inhibitor (LIM domain kinase inhibitor) increased the viral infection without cytotoxicity within a range of ~ μM. However, previously known inhibitory compounds of HIV-1 infection, such as Latrunculin A, Jasplakinolide, Wiskostatin and Swinholide A, exhibited either an inhibitory effect on HIV-1 infection combined with severe cytotoxicity or showed no effects. Our data indicate that Chaetoglobosin A and CK-548 have considerable potential for development as new therapeutic drugs for the treatment of HIV infection. In addition, the newly identified roles of Cytochalasins and some inhibitors of Rho GTPase and LIMK may provide fundamental knowledge for understanding the complicated actin dynamic pathway when infected by HIV-1. Remarkably, the newly defined action modes of the inhibitors may be helpful in developing potent anti-HIV drugs that target the actin network, which are required for HIV infection.
Dynamic Driver Supply Voltage Scaling for Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays
Donghwa Shin,Younghyun Kim,Naehyuck Chang,Pedram, M. IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of inte Vol.32 No.7
<P>Organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is a self-illuminating device that is supposed to be more power efficient than liquid crystal display (LCD). However, OLED display panels consume as much power as LCD panels due to total internal reflection. As the power consumption of the OLED panel depends on the pixel colors, most of the earlier power saving methods alter the pixel colors. In practice, such OLED power saving techniques can hardly accommodate photo viewers and movie players. This paper introduces the first OLED power saving technique that dynamically changes the supply voltage of the panel. Reduced supply voltage results in both power saving and decreased pixel luminance, but model-based color correction restores the decreased luminance with minimum color distortion. This technique is similar to dynamic backlight scaling of LCDs but is based on the unique characteristics of the OLED drivers. We provide an online color compensation algorithm using the luminance histogram. Luminance quantization in the histogram also achieves resource minimization. We develop a prototype and demonstrate the proposed OLED dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). Experimental result shows that the proposed OLED DVS saves up to 74.7% of the display power for the still images and up to 35.9% for movie clips.</P>
유영현(Younghyun Yoo),이주희(Juhee Lee),신재호(Jeaho Shin),이상환(Sanghwan Lee) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10
A numerical study is conducted to investigate the behavior of the wing-tip vortex structures around a three-dimensional airfoil(NACA 0015) with ground effect. The computational results(swirl velocity, core location and core size) and Navier-stokes equation are compared and agreed with experimental data. The vortex core location at the free-flight flow intend to go the inside of the wing, whereas the vortex core location in the ground effect region intends to move outward the outside of the wing. The location of the vortex core in vertical direction is raised to uniform height. Especially, At the special angle of attack is occured in the reverse tendency perpendicular direction. Vortex size of the angle of attack 4 and 8 is lager then that of free-flight.