Effects of recovery from short-term heat stress exposure on feed intake, plasma amino acid profiles, and metabolites in growing pigs

( Byeonghyeon Kim ),( Kondreddy Eswar Reddy ),( Hye Ran Kim ),( Ki Hyun Kim ),( Yookyung Lee ),( Minji Kim ),( Sang Yun Ji ),( Sung Dae Lee ),( Jin Young Jeong ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.3

Heat stress (HS) damages health and decreases performance variables in pigs, and if severe enough, causes mortality. However, metabolic changes under HS and recovery following HS are poorly understood. Therefore, this study was aimed to expose the essential mechanisms by which growing pigs respond to HS and the temporal pattern of plasma concentrations (PC) of amino acids (AAs) and metabolites. Crossbred male growing pigs were penned separately and allowed to adapt to thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20℃ and 80% relative humidity; TN[- 1D]). On the first day, all pigs were exposed to HS for 24 h (36℃ and 60% relative humidity), then to TN conditions for 5 days (TN[2D] to TN[5D]). All pigs had ad libitum access to water and 3 kg feed twice daily. Rectal temperature (RT) and feed intake (FI) were determined daily. HS pigs had higher RT (40.72℃) and lower (50%) FI than TN(-1D) pigs (p < 0.01). The PC of indispensable (threonine, valine, and methionine) and dispensable (cysteine and tyrosine) AAs were higher (p < 0.05) in HS than TN(-1D) pigs and remained increased during recovery time. Nonprotein α-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in HS than TN(-1D) pigs. The metabolite concentration of creatinine was higher (p < 0.01) under HS treatment than other treatments, but that of alanine and leucine remained increased (p < 0.05) through 5 d of recovery. In summary, some major differences were found in plasma AA profiles and metabolites between HS- and TN-condition pigs. This indicates that the HS pigs were forced to alter their metabolism, and these results provide information about mechanisms of acute HS responses relative to the recovery time.

Effect of acute heat stress on feed intake and plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and free amino acids in growing pigs

Byeonghyeon Kim,Minji Kim,Hye Ran Kim,Sang Yun Ji,Ki Hyun Kim,Ju Lan Chun,Youl-Chang Baek,Yookyung Lee,Jin Young Jeong,Sung Dae Lee 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2020 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.47 No.3

Effects of acute heat stress on salivary metabolites in growing pigs: an analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics profiling

( Byeonghyeon Kim ),( Hye Ran Kim ),( Ki Hyun Kim ),( Sang Yun Ji ),( Minji Kim ),( Yookyung Lee ),( Sung Dae Lee ),( Jin Young Jeong ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.2

Heat stress (HS) causes adverse impacts on pig production and health. A potential biomarker of HS is required to predict its occurrence and thereby better manage pigs under HS. Information about the saliva metabolome in heat-stressed pigs is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of acute HS on the saliva metabolome and identify metabolites that could be used as potential biomarkers. Growing pigs (n = 6, 3 boars, and 3 gilts) were raised in a thermal neutral (TN; 25℃) environment for a 5-d adaptation period (CON). After adaptation, the pigs were first exposed to HS (30℃; HS30) and then exposed to higher HS (33℃; HS33) for 24 h. Saliva was collected after adaptation, first HS, and second HS, respectively, for metabolomic analysis using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Four metabolites had significantly variable importance in the projection (VIP > 1; p < 0.05) different levels in TN compared to HS groups from all genders (boars and gilts). However, sex-specific characteristics affected metabolites (glutamate and leucine) by showing the opposite results, indicating that HS was less severe in females than in males. A decrease in creatine levels in males and an increase in creatine phosphate levels in females would have contributed to a protective effect from protein degradation by muscle damage. The results showed that HS led to an alteration in metabolites related to energy and protein. Protection from muscle damage may be attributed to the alteration in protein-related metabolites. However, energy-related metabolites showed opposing results according to sex-specific characteristics, such as sex hormone levels and subcutaneous fat layer. This study had shown that saliva samples could be used as a noninvasive method to evaluate heat-stressed pigs. And the results in this study could be contributed to the development of a diagnostic tool as a noninvasive biomarker for managing heat-stressed pigs.

Effects of HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) on oil uptake and texture of gluten-free soy donut

Kim, Jihyun,Choi, Induck,Shin, Woo-Kyoung,Kim, Yookyung Elsevier 2015 FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -ZURICH- Vol.62 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed a gluten-free soy donut with HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and investigated the effects of HPMC on the quality of a soy donut depending on the different ways of its addition. Soy donuts were prepared under three conditions: only soy (S), HPMC added soy (SH), and HPMC added and coated soy (SHC). A wheat donut was used as a control. The results showed that the S donut had approximately two times lower oil uptake and moisture loss compared to wheat control; however, the S donut had 30% less specific volume and three times harder texture. HPMC addition in soy donut (30.7?N) resulted in a decrease in the hardness to 23.5?N for SH and 20.8?N for SHC. In addition, the incorporation of HPMC gave soy donuts the further decrease in the oil uptake and moisture loss. For the method of adding HPMC, the SHC donut had less oil uptake and a softer texture than the SH. Among soy donuts, SHC has the desirable intensities of sensory attributes (texture and mouthfeel), resulting in the highest overall preference score, closer to that of the wheat donut. The addition of HPMC improves the quality of gluten-free donuts made entirely with soy flour.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We developed a 100% soy donut with HPMC. </LI> <LI> Soy donut had lower oil uptake, however, it has less volume and harder texture. </LI> <LI> Addition of HPMC to soy donut improved volume and hardness as well as oil uptake. </LI> <LI> Addition of and coating with HPMC have significant effects on the quality of donut. </LI> <LI> Soy could be a good ingredient for gluten-free food with a healthy and new flavor. </LI> </UL> </P>

Progressive Pulmonary Fibrocystic Changes of Both Upper Lungs in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Kim, Do Youn,Lee, Seok Jeong,Ryu, Yon Ju,Lee, Jin Hwa,Chang, Jung Hyun,Kim, Yookyung The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.4

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disease that primarily affects the axial joints. Pleuropulmonary involvement is an uncommon extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis. There is a wide spectrum of pulmonary parenchymal changes in ankylosing spondylitis, beginning in the early stages of the disease and increasing over time. The lesions are usually asymptomatic, and not visible on chest radiographs in early stages. We reported a case of advanced ankylosing spondylitis in a 56-year-old man with progressive pulmonary bullous fibrocystic changes on both upper lobes that were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis in the early stages of the disease.

Physical, mechanical and water barrier properties of yuba films incorporated with various types of additives

Kim, Nayeon,Seo, Eunsung,Kim, Yookyung John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2019 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.99 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>To apply yuba as an edible film, we evaluated film properties after adding various additives, including plasticizer (glycerol and sorbitol), cross‐linking agent (oxidized ferulic acid), emulsifier (sodium pyrophosphate), thicker (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and lipid (beeswax), alone or in combination (sodium pyrophosphate and sorbitol; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol; and beeswax and glycerol).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The addition of beeswax and oxidized ferulic acid enhanced the water resistance of the film, showing a decreased solubility in water and swelling ratio. The results for tensile strength and elongation showed opposite trends, except for sorbitol, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol. Tensile strength of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (9.3 MPa) was increased compared to that of yuba without additive (3.5 MPa). Elongation was increased in glycerol (132%) compared to that in the control (8%). Water vapor permeability decreased in all samples by 0.7 to 8 times compared to that of the control. X‐ray diffraction analysis found that blending additives influenced the crystalline degree and second structure of the film. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the control (37 nm) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol (47 nm) exhibited smooth surface and lower roughness values compared to glycerol (84 nm) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol (87 nm).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our results confirmed that yuba could be used as edible film with a wide range of applications depending on types of additive and purpose of use. The results of the present study revealed that sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol‐added yuba film had exceptional edible film properties, including water resistance, elongation and water vapor permeability based on principal component analysis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Super resolution reconstruction based on block matching and three-dimensional filtering with sharpening

Yookyung Kim,Han Oh,Bilgin, Ali IET 2015 IET image processing Vol.9 No.12

<P>Super resolution (SR) reconstruction is often considered to be an inverse problem in the sense that unknown high resolution images are sought for giving low resolution images. Recent studies have shown that the sparsity regularisation used in compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction improves the performance of SR reconstruction. Furthermore, under the assumption that mutually similar regions exist within a natural image, non-local (NL) estimation produces accurate estimates for given degraded images. The incorporation of this NL estimation in SR reconstruction has been shown to yield better reconstructions. In this study, the authors propose the use of block matching and three-dimensional filtering with sharpening estimation as the regularisation constraint under the CS-based SR framework. This estimation collects similar blocks and adaptively filters them by the shrinkage of the transform coefficients. It recovers detailed structures while attenuating ringing artefacts. In addition, a sharpening technique used in the estimation also emphasises edges. As a result, the proposed SR algorithm searches for the solution that is similar to this enhanced estimate from among all feasible solutions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides high-quality SR images, both numerically and subjectively.</P>

Invasive cervical resorption: treatment challenges

Kim, Yookyung,Lee, Chan-Young,Kim, Euiseong,Roh, Byoung-Duck The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.4

Invasive cervical resorption is a relatively uncommon form of external root resorption. It is characterized by invasion of cervical region of the root by fibrovascular tissue derived from the periodontal ligament. This case presents an invasive cervical resorption occurring in maxillary lateral incisor, following damage in cervical cementum from avulsion and intracoronal bleaching procedure. Flap reflection, debridement and restoration with glass ionomer cement were performed in an attempt to repair the defect. But after 2 mon, more resorption extended apically. Considering root stability and recurrence potential, we decided to extract the tooth. Invasive cervical resorption in advanced stages may present great challenges for clinicians. Therefore, prevention and early detection must be stressed when dealing with patients presenting history of potential predisposing factors.

Invasive cervical resorption : treatment challenges

Yookyung Kim,Chan-Young Lee,Euiseong Kim,Byoung-Duck Roh 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.4

Invasive cervical resorption is a relatively uncommon form of external root resorption. It is characterized by invasion of cervical region of the root by fibrovascular tissue derived from the periodontal ligament. This case presents an invasive cervical resorption occurring in maxillary lateral incisor, following damage in cervical cementum from avulsion and intracoronal bleaching procedure. Flap reflection, debridement and restoration with glass ionomer cement were performed in an attempt to repair the defect. But after 2 mon, more resorption extended apically. Considering root stability and recurrence potential, we decided to extract the tooth. Invasive cervical resorption in advanced stages may present great challenges for clinicians. Therefore, prevention and early detection must be stressed when dealing with patients presenting history of potential predisposing factors.

Information Articulation and Truth Conditions of Existential Sentences

( Yookyung Kim ) 한국언어정보학회 1997 언어와 정보 Vol.1 No.1

This paper investigates the semantics of English there existential sentences. By examining discourse functions and pragmatic facts, it accounts for semantic facts which have not been discussed elsewhere. Further, it is a new attempt to incorporate information- theoretic notions into formal semantics. I propose that existential statements present a situation, and I analyze them in Situation Semantics as expressing Austinian propositions. The proposed meanings account for the fact that post-copular NPs cannot constitute the restriction of an adverb of quantification nor admit a partitive reading. (Stanford University)