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THE FRACTAL DIMENSION OF THE $\rho$ OPHIUCUS MOLECULAR CLOUD COMPLEX
Yongung Lee,Di Li,Y. S. Kim,J. H. Jung,H. W. Kang,C. H. Lee,I. S. Yim,H. G. Kim 한국천문학회 2016 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.49 No.6
We estimate the fractal dimension of the $\rho$ Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud Complex, associated with star forming regions. We selected a cube ($v, l, b$) database, obtained with $J=1-0$ transition lines of \co and \tco at a resolution of $22''$ using a multibeam receiver system on the 14-m telescope of the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory. Using a code developed within IRAF, we identified slice-clouds with two threshold temperatures to estimate the fractal dimension. With threshold temperatures of 2.25 K (3$\sigma$) and 3.75 K (5$\sigma$), the fractal dimension of the target cloud is estimated to be $D = 1.52$--1.54, where $P \propto A^{D/2}$ , which is larger than previous results. We suggest that the sampling rate (spatial resolution) of observed data must be an important parameter when estimating the fractal dimension, and that narrower or wider dispersion around an arbitrary fit line and the intercepts at NP = 100 should be checked whether they relate to rms noise level or characteristic structure of the target cloud. This issue could be investigated by analysing several high resolution databases with different quality (low or moderate sensitivity).
A Study on the Allowable Range of Overhanging Berthing at the Port of Ulsan
Kim, Seungyeon,Yu, Yongung,Lee, Yunsok The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safet 2019 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
As vessels become larger and competition between ports intensifies, there has been an increase in the number of cases where vessels that exceed the available berths are berthed at the pier. Therefore, there has been an increase in the number of cases in which the bow or stern of a ship is projected and moored. The risk of overhanging berthing is that mooring safety can be compromised because it is not possible to connect the bow and stern mooring line to the ship properly. In addition, collision accidents may occur between moving vessels if the view of a vessel moving in the port is obstructed. Therefore, in this study, the simulation of mooring safety was performed according to the overhanging range in Piers No. 6 and 7 in Ulsan's main port to propose the overhanging limit and operational standards according to each ship. As a result of the assessment, 30,000 DWT bulkers are able to overhang up to 0.75B, and 50,000 DWT bulkers can overhang up to 0.50B. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for setting the allowable overhang limit, as well as clear usage criteria for safe unloading operations.
A Study on the Allowable Range of Overhanging Berthing at the Port of Ulsan
Seungyeon Kim,Yongung Yu,Yunsok Lee 해양환경안전학회 2019 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
As vessels become larger and competition between ports intensifies, there has been an increase in the number of cases where vessels that exceed the available berths are berthed at the pier. Therefore, there has been an increase in the number of cases in which the bow or stern of a ship is projected and moored. The risk of overhanging berthing is that mooring safety can be compromised because it is not possible to connect the bow and stern mooring line to the ship properly. In addition, collision accidents may occur between moving vessels if the view of a vessel moving in the port is obstructed. Therefore, in this study, the simulation of mooring safety was performed according to the overhanging range in Piers No. 6 and 7 in Ulsan’s main port to propose the overhanging limit and operational standards according to each ship. As a result of the assessment, 30,000 DWT bulkers are able to overhang up to 0.75B, and 50,000 DWT bulkers can overhang up to 0.50B. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for setting the allowable overhang limit, as well as clear usage criteria for safe unloading operations.
Variation in Carotenoid Composition in Carrots during Storage and Cooking
Chae Jin Lim,Hyun Young Kim,Cheol Ho Lee,Yongung Kim,Kyongwhan Back,Jung-Myung Bae,Shin Woo Lee,Mi-Jeong Ahn 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.14 No.3
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the carotenoid composition of carrots during storage and cooking. Analyses were conducted immediately after harvest and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after harvest. During the course of the storage, the carotenoid levels generally decreased, and this decrease was found to be greater during the first week for β-carotene (all-trans-β-carotene) and lutein, and during the second week for α-carotene. Additionally, the amount of the α- and β-carotenes in carrot leaves changed slightly within the first 2 weeks of harvest when stored at 4℃. Specifically, the level of lutein, the main component of carrot leaves, increased from 233.8±11.7 to 346.2±26.7 ㎍/g DW during the first 2 weeks. In addition, the change in carotenoid contents was observed during the home-processing of one Korean cultivar. Carrots fried in oil showed the highest amount of β-carotene (164.3±6.6 ㎍/g DW) and α-carotene (50.1±0.4 ㎍/g DW), while carrots that were prepared by sauteing, pressure-cooking in water and microwaving had the second highest levels. The greatest loss of in carotenoids occurred in response to boiling in water containing 1% NaCl, braising and baking. The content of lutein increased slightly after boiling in water containing 1% NaCl (9.3±0.4 ㎍/g DW), while a loss in lutein occurred after preparation using other home-processing methods. A cis-isomer of all-trans-β-carotene, 13-cis-β-carotene, was present in detectable amounts in all processed samples, but not in raw roots. Another isomer, 9-cis-β-carotene, was detected in carrots that were prepared by boiling, frying and pressure-cooking.