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Production of Butanol from Glucose and Xylose with Immobilized Cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum
Yong Chen,Tao Zhou,Dong Liu,An Li,Songbo Xu,Qingguo Liu,Bingbing Li,Han-Jie Ying 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.2
Pretreated cotton towels were used as carriers to immobilize Clostridium acetobutylicum CGMCC 5234cells for butanol or ABE production from glucose and xylose. Results showed that cell immobilization was a promising method to increase butanol concentration, yield and productivity regardless of the sugar sources compared with cell suspension. In this study, a high butanol concentration of 10.02 g/L with a yield of 0.20 g/g was obtained from 60 g/L xylose with 9.9 g/L residual xylose using immobilized cells compared with 8.48 g/L butanol and a yield of 0.141 g/g with 20.2 g/L residual xylose from 60 g/L xylose using suspended cells. In mixed-sugar fermentation (30 g/L glucose plus 30 g/L xylose), the immobilized cultures produced 11.1 g/L butanol with a yield of 0.190 g/g, which were 28.3% higher than with suspended cells (8.65 g/L) during which 30 g/L glucose was utilized completely using both immobilized and suspended cells while 3.46 and 13.1 g/L xylose maintained untilized for immobilized and suspended cells, respectively. Based on the results, we speculated that immobilized cells showed enhanced tolerance to butanol toxicity and the cultures preferred glucose to xylose during ABE fermentation. Moreover, the cultures showed obvious difference when grown between high initial concentrations of glucose and those of xylose. Repeated-batch fermentations from glucose with immobilized cells showed better long-term stability than from xylose. At last, the morphologies of free and immobilized cells adsorbed on pretreated cotton towels during the growth cycle were examined by SEM.
OrMKK3 Influences Morphology and Grain Size in Rice
Ying Hua Pan,Li Jun Gao,Yun Tao Liang,Yan Zhao,Hai Fu Liang,Wei Wei Chen,Xing Hai Yang,Dong Jin Qing,Ju Gao,Hao Wu,Juan Huang,Wei Yong Zhou,Cheng Cui Huang,Gao Xing Dai,Guo Fu Deng 한국식물학회 2023 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.66 No.3
Although morphology and grain size are important to rice growth and yield, the identity of abundant natural allelic variations that determine agronomically important differences in crops is unknown. Here, we characterized the function of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 from Oryza officinalis Wall. ex Watt encoded by OrMKK3. Different alternative splicing variants occurred in OrMKK3. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)–OrMKK3 fusion proteins localized to the cell membrane and nuclei of rice protoplasts. Overexpression of OrMKK3 influenced the expression levels of the grain size-related genes SMG1, GW8, GL3, GW2, and DEP3. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OrMKK3 is well conserved in plants while showing large amounts of variation between indica, japonica, and wild rice. In addition, OrMKK3 slightly influenced brassinosteroid (BR) responses and the expression levels of BR-related genes. Our findings thus identify a new gene, OrMKK3, influencing morphology and grain size and that represents a possible link between mitogen-activated protein kinase and BR response pathways in grain growth.
Ying Huang,Yong-Fang Yao,Yan Li,Qing-Yong Ni,Liang Zhou,Shuan-Ling Zhang,Wei Liu,Huai-Liang Xu 한국유전학회 2012 Genes & Genomics Vol.34 No.4
In order to identify the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) as a putative candidate disease-resistance gene in Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), two pairs of primers were designed based on the TLR5 gene sequence of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta,NM_001130429). The primers were used to amplify the TLR5 gene from Tibetan macaque, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The compiled sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics. The DNA sequencing and additional combined results showed that the Tibetan macaque TLR5 gene is about 2825 bp and contains an open reading frame of 2577 bp encoding for 858 amino acids. Homology analysis of TLR5 in both species showed that the amino acid and nucleotide identity is about 99.7% and 99.8% and their transmembrane and intracellular domains appeared more conservative than the extracellular domains of proteins. However, re-examining the entire Tibetan macaque TLR5 coding sequence we found that a purifying selection was also acting on the TLR5 gene region encoding for its intracellular domain of the protein. Even though the selection tests indicated that the TLR5 gene experienced a strong purifying selection in the process of evolution,most likely because its potential role in the primate adaptive immune defense, the Tibetan macaque still has the highest re-lationship with the rhesus macaque.
Zhou Ying,Li Yong,Ma Xiao,Huang Yiqing,Wang Jiawei 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.2
PURPOSE. This study evaluated the effect of span length on the adaptation of implant-supported cobalt chromium frameworks fabricated by three techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Models with two solid abutment analogs at different inter-abutment distances were digitized using a laboratory scanner. Frameworks of two-, three-, and four-unit fixed prostheses were designed by a computer. Six dots with a diameter of 0.2 mm were preset on the surface of each framework. A total of 54 implant-supported cobalt chromium frameworks were fabricated by milling, selective laser melting (SLM), and cast techniques. The frameworks were scanned and exported as Stereolithography files. Distances between two dots in X, Y, and Z coordinates were measured in both the designed and fabricated frameworks. Marginal gaps between the framework and the abutments were also evaluated by impression replica method. RESULTS. In terms of distance measurement, significant differences were found between three- and four-unit frameworks, as well as between two- and four-unit frameworks prepared by milling technique (P<.05). Significant differences were also noted between two- and three-unit frameworks, as well as between two- and four-unit frameworks prepared by cast technique (P<.05). The milling technique presented smaller differences than the SLM technique, and the SLM technique showed smaller differences than the cast technique at any unit prostheses (P<.05). Evaluation with the impression replica method indicated significant differences among the span lengths for any fabrication method (P<.05), as well as among the fabrication methods at any unit prostheses (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The adaptation of implant-supported cobalt chromium frameworks was affected by the span length and fabrication method.
IN SITU UNZIPPING OF CARBON NANOTUBES TO FORM GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS
YONG-SHENG ZHOU,PAN JIN,TENG GUO,YING-CHUN ZHU,GAO-HUI DU,BING-SHE XU 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.1
We report the one step facile synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) by unzipping carbonnanotubes (CNTs) from glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) precursor, using a simple chemical vapor depositionmethod. Some nanotubes are partially cut resulting in a GNR – CNT hybrid whereas others arefully cut to form GNRs. The average length of GNRs achieved by this method is typically in therange of 1 – 10 ? m. The formation of GNRs is ascribed to the in situ oxygen-driven unzipping ofCNTs. The process is free from aggressive oxidants and utilizes the in situ unzipping. Thismethod o®ers an alternative approach for making GNRs, compared to previously used techniquesto synthesize GNRs.
Zhou, Ying,Won, Jiyeon,Lee, Jin Yong,Yoon, Juyoung Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical communications Vol.47 No.7
<P>A unique colorimetric change of 1, a pyrene based sensor, from light yellow to pink takes place only in the presence of lysine not other tested naturally occurring α-amino acids.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A unique colorimetric change of 1, a pyrene based sensor, from light yellow to pink takes place only in the presence of lysine. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cc04942e'> </P>
( Yong Chen ),( Qingguo Liu ),( Tao Zhou ),( Bingbing Li ),( Shiwei Yao ),( An Li ),( Jing Lan Wu ),( Han Jie Ying ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.4
In this work, a fibrous bed bioreactor with high specific surface area and good adsorption efficacy for S. cerevisiae cells was used as the immobilization matrix in the production of ethanol. In batch fermentation, an optimal ethanol concentration of 91.36 g/l and productivity of 4.57 g l-1 h-1 were obtained at an initial sugar concentration of 200 g/l. The ethanol productivity achieved by the immobilized cells was 41.93% higher than that obtained from free cells. Ethanol production in a 22-cycle repeated batch fermentation demonstrated the enhanced stability of the immobilized yeast cells. Under continuous fermentation in packed-bed reactors, a maximum ethanol concentration of 108.14 g/l and a productivity of 14.71 g l-1 h-1 were attained at 35oC, and a dilution rate of 0.136 h-1 with 250 g/l glucose.
Melatonin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function in porcine preimplantation embryos
Ying-Jie Niu,Wenjun Zhou,Zheng-Wen Nie,Kyung-Tae Shin,Yong-Han Kim,Xiang-Shun Cui 한국수정란이식학회 2018 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11
Melatonin (N-aceyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is the major hormone of the pineal gland. Melatonin and its metabolic derivatives possess extensive free-radical scavenging abilities and played critical roles in antioxidative stress, resisting apoptotic cell death. Melatonin also could enhance mitochondrial biogenesis in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, melatonin attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress damage via activation of SIRT1 signaling in a melatonin receptor 2-dependent manner. Activation or overexpression of SIRT1 could enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function by inducing PGC-1α expression and deacetylation. The aim of this study was to investigate if melatonin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function via activation of melatonin receptor 2/SIRT1/PGC1-α Pathway. The results showed that Melatonin rescued rotenone-induced impairment of porcine embryo development. Treatment with rotenone could increase oxidative stress and apoptosis. Rotenone impaired mitochondrial functions by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing mitochondrial DNA copy number and ATP production. Melatonin could improve SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression, inducing mitochondrial biogenesis. Rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP deficiency was rescued by melatonin treatment, the oxidative stress and apoptosis was significantly decreased. Inhibition of melatonin receptor 2 or Knockdown of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of melatonin on rotenone-induced impairments. Therefore, melatonin enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function, protected against rotenone-induced impairments.