http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Junko Ogawa(Junko Ogawa ),Seiko Mochida(Seiko Mochida ),Haruo Kimura(Haruo Kimura ),Aiping Liu(Aiping Liu ),Yoichi Sakakihara(Yoichi Sakakihara ) The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2024 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.18 No.1
This study aimed to obtain implications on childrearing and childcare practices for achieving children's well-being through analyzing factors predicting children's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight Asian countries. We primarily focused on “resilience,” the ability to cope with and recover from difficult situations, which had been confirmed from previous studies as a positive factor towards children’s development in the context of hardships. We also chose other potential predictors referring to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, including mothers’ concerns about COVID-19, household income, number of playmates, support from childcare facilities/schools, family environments, and children’s lifestyles, and examined how these predictor variables predict children’s well-being. We found that children’s resilience strongly predicted their well-being, which was common in all eight countries. Family factors and children's daily life factors were also associated with children's well-being. The country-specific analysis also indicated the importance of support from childcare facilities/schools on well-being. Well-being and resilience are both psychological constructs and often studied as important indicators of child health. Resilience has been spot-lighted as an effective protective factor for children experiencing adversities such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We have found that resilience was the strongest predictor of well-being among other factors even during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Are the effects of blood pressure lowering treatment diminishing?: meta-regression analyses
Yoichi Sekizawa,Yoko Konishi,Moriyo Kimura 대한고혈압학회 2019 Clinical Hypertension Vol.25 No.1
Background: Previous studies have suggested that the effects of medical interventions tend to diminish over time. We investigated whether the effects of blood pressure lowering treatment on all-cause mortality and stroke have diminished over time. Methods: We conducted meta-regression analyses. We extracted the target trials from two recently published comprehensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Adopted variables were relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality and stroke, trial start year, mean age, sample size, baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), difference in attained SBP reduction between intervention groups and control groups (SBP difference), and regional dummies. We implemented single meta-regressions, in which the dependent variable was the log of RR and the explanatory variable was each of other adopted variables. We also conducted multiple meta-regressions, in which the dependent variable was the log of RR and explanatory variables were all of other adopted variables. Our variable of greatest interest was trial start year. Results: The included reviews assessed 85 trials with a total of 343,126 participants. Although trial start year was positively associated with the log of RR in the results of single meta-regressions, it lost significance in multiple meta-regressions for both allcause mortality and stroke. Conclusions: The effects of blood pressure lowering treatment on all-cause mortality and stroke have not diminished over time.
Molecular Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. among Companion Birds Kept in Pet Shops in Japan
Yuko Iijima,Naoyuki Itoh,Totsapon Phrompraphai,Yoichi Ito,Yuya Kimura,Satoshi Kameshima 대한기생충학열대의학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.56 No.3
Cryptosporidium is the most common protozoan that can infect a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds. Avian Cryptosporidium spp. can cause enteric and respiratory diseases which can be fatal in birds and some species are zoonotic. Companion birds have the potential as reservoir due to their close contact with humans. Pet shops are the major source of companion birds. However, few reports are available regarding Cryptosporidium spp. infection among companion birds kept in pet shops. The present study reports the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. among companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan. A total of 265 fresh fecal samples were obtained from birds kept in 4 pet shops; these birds belonged to 41 species in 3 bird orders. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the small subunit rRNA gene was employed for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. A total of 24 samples (9.1%) were positive, and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected from all pet shops. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in each of the bird orders was 6.5% (10/153) in Psittaciformes, 14.4% (13/90) in Passeriformes, and 4.5% (1/22) in Galliformes. Based on sequence analysis, 13 (54.2%) isolates were classified to C. galli, 8 (33.3%) were avian genotype III, and the remaining 3 (12.5%) were C. baileyi. No infection with zoonotic C. meleagridis and no coinfection with multiple Cryptosporidium spp. and/or genotypes were observed. The zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. infecting companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan is likely to be low.
Yuji Kasukawa,Naohisa Miyakoshi,Michio Hongo,Yoshinori Ishikawa,Daisuke Kudo,Ryota Kimura,Yuichi Ono,Jumpei Iida,Chiaki Sato,Yoichi Shimada 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.5
Study Design: Retrospective and comparative study. Purpose: We assessed surgical treatment outcomes in patients with thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF), and OLF combined with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) or vertebral fracture (VF) at the same level. Overview of Literature: OLF and OPLL cause severe thoracic myelopathy. Osteoporotic VF commonly occurs at the thoracolumbar junction. There have been no investigations of thoracic myelopathy due to OLF and VF. Methods: Forty patients were divided among three groups: the OLF group (n=23): myelopathy due to OLF, the OLF+OPLL group (n=12): myelopathy due to OLF and OPLL, and the OLF+VF group (n=5): myelopathy due to OLF and VF. We recorded OLF, OPLL, and VF sites and operative procedures. Each patient’s neurological status, according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and walking ability were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Results: Patients in the OLF+OPLL group were significantly younger than those in the other two groups. The preoperative JOA score was significantly lower in the OLF+VF than OLF group. The final JOA score was significantly lower in the OLF+VF than OLF and OLF+OPLL groups. The JOA score recovery rate was significantly lower in the OLF+VF than OLF group. Final walking ability was significantly worse in the OLF+OPLL and OLF+VF groups than in the OLF group and significantly worse in the OLF+VF than OLF+OPLL group. Conclusions: Thoracic myelopathy due to OLF+VF occurs primarily in older females, who also exhibit worse preoperative and postoperative neurological status, and worse walking ability, than patients with thoracic myelopathy due to OLF or OLF+OPLL.
( Rintaro Moroi ),( Katsuya Endo ),( Katsutoshi Yamamoto ),( Takeo Naito ),( Motoyuki Onodera ),( Masatake Kuroha ),( Yoshitake Kanazawa ),( Tomoya Kimura ),( Yoichi Kakuta ),( Atsushi Masamune ),( Yo 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.1
Background/Aims: Few reports have described the long-term treatment outcomes of the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody for Japanese Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate them and clarify the clinical factors that affect the long-term prognosis of the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatments. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, single-center cohort study. Japanese CD patients treated with either infliximab or adalimumab as a first-line therapy were analyzed. The cumulative retention rates of the biologics, relapse-free survival, and surgery-free survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. The clinical factors associated with the long-term outcomes were estimated by both the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The cumulative retention rate was significantly higher in the group with a concomitant elemental diet of ≥900 kcal/day, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels <2.6 mg/dL, and baseline serum albumin levels ≥3.5 g/dL, respectively. The baseline serum albumin levels were also associated with both relapse-free and surgery-free survival. The lack of concomitant use of an elemental diet ≥900 kcal/day was identified as the only independent risk factor for the withdrawal of the biologics. Conclusions: Baseline CRP levels and serum albumin levels could affect the long-term outcomes in CD patients. Concomitant elemental diet of ≥900 kcal/day could have a positive influence on clinical treatment course. (Intest Res 2019;17:94-106)
Masako Tada,Ayaka Hayashi,Yumi Asano,Musashi Kubiura-Ichimaru,Takamasa Ito,Miho Yoshii,Hiroshi Kimura,Yoichi Matsuda,Mitsuo Oshimura 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.3
Background DNA methylation is a signifcant epigenetic modifcation that is evolutionarily conserved in various species and often serves as a repressive mark for transcription. DNA methylation levels and patterns are regulated by a balance of opposing enzyme functions, DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1/3A/3B and methylcytosine dioxygenases, TET1/2/3. In mice, the TET enzyme converts DNA cytosine methylation (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at the beginning of fertilisation and gastrulation and initiates a global loss of 5mC, while the 5mC level is increased on the onset of cell differentiation during early embryonic development. Objective Global loss and gain of DNA methylation may be diferently regulated in diverged species. Methods Chicken B-cell lymphoma DT40 cells were used as an avian model to compare diferences in the overall regulation of DNA modifcation with mammals. Results We found that DNA methylation is maintained at high levels in DT40 cells through compact chromatin formation, which inhibits TET-mediated demethylation. Human and mouse chromosomes introduced into DT40 cells by cell fusion lost the majority of 5mC, except for human subtelomeric repeats. Conclusion Our attempt to elucidate the diferences in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms between birds and mammals explored the evidence that they share a common chromatin-based regulation of TET–DNA access, while chicken DNMT1 is involved in diferent target sequence recognition systems, suggesting that factors inducing DNMT–DNA association have already diverged.