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김양균(Yangkyun Kim),김성초(Sungcho Kim),김정수(Jeong Soo Kim),이기만(Kee Man Ree),진학수(Haksu Jin) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.5
Flow and aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed numerically for a commercial passenger airplane, Boeing 747-400, flying in the cruising condition. The model geometry with 100:1 in scale was obtained by the photo scanning measurement with the maximum error of 1.4% comparing with the real airplane dimension. The three-dimensional inviscid steady compressible governing equations were solved by the finite volume method in the unstructured grid system. The convective terms were treated by the Crank-Nicholson and first-order upwind schemes. In the computational results, the strong wing-tip vortices were clearly observed and the pressure contours on the airplane surface were suggested. The lift and drag forces in the wing with engines increase by 1.49% and 3.9%, respectively compared with the case without engines. The aerodynamic forces were estimated quantitatively for each element which consists of the airplane.
Expression of Vibrio vulnificus insulin-degrading enzyme is regulated by the cAMP-CRP complex
Ryu, Yangkyun,Kim, You-Jin,Kim, Yeon-Ran,Seok, Yeong-Jae Microbiology Society 2012 Microbiology Vol.158 No.5
<P>Components of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) : carbohydrate phosphortransferase system (PTS) have multiple regulatory roles in addition to PEP-dependent transport/phosphorylation of numerous carbohydrates. We have recently shown that, in an opportunistic human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, enzyme IIA(Glc) (EIIA(Glc)) interacts with a peptidase that has high sequence similarity to mammalian insulin-degrading enzymes, called Vibrio insulin-degrading enzyme (vIDE). Although the vIDE-EIIA(Glc) interaction is independent of the phosphorylation state of EIIA(Glc), vIDE shows no peptidase activity unless complexed with the unphosphorylated form of EIIA(Glc). A deletion mutant of ideV, the gene encoding vIDE, shows remarkably lower degrees of survival and virulence than the wild-type strain in mice, implying that vIDE is a virulence factor. In this study, we investigated regulation of ideV expression at the transcriptional level. Primer extension analysis identified two different transcriptional start sites of ideV: P(L) for the longer transcript and P(S) for the shorter transcript. We performed ligand fishing experiments by using the promoter region of ideV and found that the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) specifically binds to the promoter. DNase I footprinting experiments revealed that CRP binds to a region between the two promoters. In vitro transcription assays showed that CRP activates ideV P(S) transcription in the presence of cAMP whose concentration is regulated by EIIA(Glc). These results suggest that EIIA(Glc) regulates the expression level of vIDE as well as its activity.</P>
Oh, Yangkyun,Yoon, Sung-Eun,Zhang, Qi,Chae, Hyo-Seok,Daubnerová,, Ivana,Shafer, Orie T.,Choe, Joonho,Kim, Young-Joon Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS biology Vol.12 No.10
<▼1><P>A ligand of the sex peptide receptor maintains sleep stability and homeostasis by inhibiting wakefulness-promoting neurons in <I>Drosophila</I>.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Sleep, a reversible quiescent state found in both invertebrate and vertebrate animals, disconnects animals from their environment and is highly regulated for coordination with wakeful activities, such as reproduction. The fruit fly, <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I>, has proven to be a valuable model for studying the regulation of sleep by circadian clock and homeostatic mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the sex peptide receptor (SPR) of <I>Drosophila</I>, known for its role in female reproduction, is also important in stabilizing sleep in both males and females. Mutants lacking either the SPR or its central ligand, myoinhibitory peptide (MIP), fall asleep normally, but have difficulty in maintaining a sleep-like state. Our analyses have mapped the SPR sleep function to <I>pigment dispersing factor</I> (<I>pdf</I>) neurons, an arousal center in the insect brain. MIP downregulates intracellular cAMP levels in <I>pdf</I> neurons through the SPR. MIP is released centrally before and during night-time sleep, when the sleep drive is elevated. Sleep deprivation during the night facilitates MIP secretion from specific brain neurons innervating <I>pdf</I> neurons. Moreover, flies lacking either SPR or MIP cannot recover sleep after the night-time sleep deprivation. These results delineate a central neuropeptide circuit that stabilizes the sleep state by feeding a slow-acting inhibitory input into the arousal system and plays an important role in sleep homeostasis.</P></▼2><▼3><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Sleep is a common trait in animals, from insects to mammals, and it needs to be coordinated with other critical activities such as feeding and reproduction. However, the mechanisms by which this is achieved are not fully understood. The fruit fly <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I> has become a key model organism for sleep research and it has been shown that reproduction is one of the factors that can modulate sleep in these animals. Researchers have observed that mating reduces the daytime sleep of female flies and shown that the seminal fluid protein Sex Peptide (SP), a ligand of the Sex Peptide Receptor (SPR) that is transferred to females during copulation, is responsible for this reduction of siesta sleep. Here, we investigated further the role of SPR in sleep regulation in <I>Drosophila</I>. We show that SPR is required for sleep stabilization in both sexes and that in mutant flies lacking SPR or its ligand myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) sleep is fragmented independently of reproduction. Unlike SP, MIP is expressed in the brain of both sexes and acts on SPR to silence specific neurons that keep flies awake, stabilizing sleep. Hence, our results reveal that SPR interacts with two distinct ligands to control different behaviors: SP for reproduction and MIP for sleep.</P></▼3>
수소충전소 사고대응 표준작전절차서(SOP)에 대한 고찰
김양균(Yangkyun Kim),박병직(Byoungjik Park) 한국화재소방학회 2021 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.추계
탄소중립 실현을 위해 수소 활용에 대한 사회적인 요구가 늘어남에 따라 정부는 수소경제활성화로드맵(‘19)을 발표하고 수소사회 진입을 시도하고 있다. 로드맵 이행을 위해 국토 내 수소충전소 등의 인프라와 수소를 동력원으로 하는 자동차, 버스, 트럭 등의 모빌리티가 급격히 증가하는 추세이며, 이에 따른 크고 작은 사고가 발생할 것으로 예상된다. 소방청에서는 이러한 사고를 적적히 대응하고 인적/물적 피해를 최소화 할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 수소충전시설에서 발생하는 사고 대응 표준작전절차서(Standard Operating Procedure)를 개발하고 있다. 본 논문에서 미국과 유럽의 수소사고대응 표준작전절차를 알아보고 현재 개발되고 있는 국내 수소사고대응 표준작전절차를 소개하고자 한다. 본 수소사고대응 표준작전절차는 현재 소방청에서 운영중인 재난현장 표준작전절차와 마찬가지로 ‘긴급구조대응활동 및 현장지휘에 관한 규칙’ 제10조에 의거 수소충전소에서 발생하는 사고현장에서 현장지휘체계를 확립하고 신속⋅효율적인 현장 대응을 위해 요구되는 기본적이고 일반적인 방침사항을 기술한다. 특히 현장안전관리표준지침(Standard Safety Guidlines) 내 SSG 1-1(현장활동 주의사항), SSG 1-2(임무별 안전관리), SSG 1-3(유형별 안전관리)을 준수하고 SOP 105(위험구역진입절차 및 대원긴급탈출절차), 202(화재 시 특수현상 대응절차), 204-14(차량화재 대응절차), 204-18(석유화학단지 화재), 306(차량사고), 307(하이브리드차량사고), 310(유해화학물질사고), 312(폭발물사고), 317(위험물시설물 안전조치)에서 소개하는 기존 대응절차를 반영하여 기존에 없던 수소 인프라 사고에 대한 표준작전절차를 제시하고자 한다.