중국 상업은행 사외이사 독립성에 관한 연구

이안초(LI YANCHAO) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.36 No.-

중국 상업은행의 사외이사는 금융리스크를 감독하고 소수주주와 예금자의 이익을 보호하고 지배주주와 경영진을 견제하는 역할을 한다. 이러한 역할을 발휘할 수 있도록 사외이사는 이사회, 경영진 또는 기타 지배인의 영향에 벗어나고 경영활동 또는 회사의 중대한 사항에 대하여 독립적인 의견과 판단을 할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 사외이사의 독립성을 강화시키기 위해 필자는 개선방안을 연구하고자 한다. 사외이사 후보자의 추천권은 지명위원회에 맡기고 주주의 지명권을 제한하거나 공동지배 모드를 채택하여 주주, 예금자와 가타 이해관계자가 각자로 사외이사 후보자를 추천하도록 하는 것이 타당하다고 본다. 그리고 선임에 대해서는 집중투표제도보다는 대주주의 의결권을 제한하고 소수주주, 예금자 및 기타 이해관계자가 추천한 후보자도 선임될 수 있도록 하기 위한 주주의결권제한제도를 가급적으로 실행하여야 한다고 생각한다. 상업은행 사외이사의 직무이행 독립성을 확보하기 위해서 그들에게 권한을 충분히 부여하고 권한의 이행에 보장을 제공하여야 한다. 사외이사 권한 행사에 독립성을 강화하는 반면에 사외이사 역할의 책임감과 근면성이 천차만별이므로 그들에 대해 의무와 책임도 부과하여야 한다. Unlike common corporations, in the case of commercial banks, there exist some special privileges in term of corporation governance and internal control. Compared to the boards of inside directors and Corporate Auditors, outside directors have special privilege in performing the monitoring function. Issues may occur depending on how to merge this system into the banking sectors. China commercial banks’outside directors are expected to play the role of monitoring the financial risk, protecting the interests of minority shareholders and keeping the corporate management in check. In order to carry out its role effectively, outsider directors should act independent from the influence of corporate management and inside directors. Besides that, they also should make independent and impartial decision based on their own judgement when dealing with company crucial issues. Outside director system have been introduced in China for over 10 years, although several approaches has been taken to improve the efficiency of this system, most of the outside directors in listed companies and commercial banks are still unable to be independent from the company’ management. They act more in line with the interests of inside directors. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to investigate the approaches to enhance the independence and professionalism of outside directors. In my personal opinion, restrict a shareholders nomination right and instead grant it to nominating committee or adopt a joint management system which allows a more transparent and fairer nomination by each shareholder, depositor and other interested parties may be one of the appropriate approaches to enhance the efficiency of this system. The present voting system should be replaced by limits of shareholders voting right system in order to restrict the voting right of majority shareholder and thus the candidates nominated by minority shareholders, depositors and other interested parties could have the equal opportunity. The outside directors should be granted sufficient power to ensure they can perform their duty independently. In my opinion, senior outside director system and outside director board system shall be implemented as a means of ensuring the right of action of outside directors. These moves may strengthens the independence of outside directors. On the other hand, as the responsibility and work ethnic are vary among outside directors, their duties and responsibilities should be imposed. A perfect remuneration and incentives systems are required to encourage the enhancement of aggressiveness of outside directors.

Nonlocal Formulation for Numerical Analysis of Post-Blast Behavior of RC Columns

Li, Zhong-Xian,Zhong, Bo,Shi, Yanchao,Yan, Jia-Bao Korea Concrete Institute 2017 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.11 No.2

Residual axial capacity from numerical analysis was widely used as a critical indicator for damage assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to blast loads. However, the convergence of the numerical result was generally based on the displacement response, which might not necessarily generate the correct post-blast results in case that the strain softening behavior of concrete was considered. In this paper, two widely used concrete models are adopted for post-blast analysis of a RC column under blast loading, while the calculated results show a pathological mesh size dependence even though the displacement response is converged. As a consequence, a nonlocal integral formulation is implemented in a concrete damage model to ensure mesh size independent objectivity of the local and global responses. Two numerical examples, one to a RC column with strain softening response and the other one to a RC column with post-blast response, are conducted by the nonlocal damage model, and the results indicate that both the two cases obtain objective response in the post-peak stage.

Bond slip modelling and its effect on numerical analysis of blast-induced responses of RC columns

Yanchao Shi,Hong Hao,Zhong-Xian Li 국제구조공학회 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.32 No.2

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures consist of two different materials: concrete and steel bar. The stress transfer behaviour between the two materials through bond plays an important role in the loadcarrying capacity of RC structures, especially when they subject to lateral load such as blast and seismic load. Therefore, bond and slip between concrete and reinforcement bar will affect the response of RC structures under such loads. However, in most numerical analyses of blast-induced structural responses, the perfect bond between concrete and steel bar is often assumed. The main reason is that it is very difficult to model bond slip in the commercial finite element software, especially in hydrodynamic codes. In the present study, a one-dimensional slide line contact model in LS-DYNA for modeling sliding of rebar along a string of concrete nodes is creatively used to model the bond slip between concrete and steel bars in RC structures. In order to model the bond slip accurately, a new approach to define the parameters of the one-dimensional slide line model from common pullout test data is proposed. Reliability and accuracy of the proposed approach and the one-dimensional slide line in modelling the bond slip between concrete and steel bar are demonstrated through comparison of numerical results and experimental data. A case study is then carried out to investigate the bond slip effect on numerical analysis of blast-induced responses of a RC column. Parametric studies are also conducted to investigate the effect of bond shear modulus, maximum elastic slip strain, and damage curve exponential coefficient on blast-induced response of RC columns. Finally, recommendations are given for modelling the bond slip in numerical analysis of blast-induced responses of RC columns.

Bond slip modelling and its effect on numerical analysis of blast-induced responses of RC columns

Shi, Yanchao,Li, Zhong-Xian,Hao, Hong Techno-Press 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.32 No.2

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures consist of two different materials: concrete and steel bar. The stress transfer behaviour between the two materials through bond plays an important role in the load-carrying capacity of RC structures, especially when they subject to lateral load such as blast and seismic load. Therefore, bond and slip between concrete and reinforcement bar will affect the response of RC structures under such loads. However, in most numerical analyses of blast-induced structural responses, the perfect bond between concrete and steel bar is often assumed. The main reason is that it is very difficult to model bond slip in the commercial finite element software, especially in hydrodynamic codes. In the present study, a one-dimensional slide line contact model in LS-DYNA for modeling sliding of rebar along a string of concrete nodes is creatively used to model the bond slip between concrete and steel bars in RC structures. In order to model the bond slip accurately, a new approach to define the parameters of the one-dimensional slide line model from common pullout test data is proposed. Reliability and accuracy of the proposed approach and the one-dimensional slide line in modelling the bond slip between concrete and steel bar are demonstrated through comparison of numerical results and experimental data. A case study is then carried out to investigate the bond slip effect on numerical analysis of blast-induced responses of a RC column. Parametric studies are also conducted to investigate the effect of bond shear modulus, maximum elastic slip strain, and damage curve exponential coefficient on blast-induced response of RC columns. Finally, recommendations are given for modelling the bond slip in numerical analysis of blast-induced responses of RC columns.

Anti-periodic Synchronization of Quaternion-valued Generalized Cellular Neural Networks with Time-varying Delays and Impulsive Effects

Yongkun Li,Yanchao Fang,Jiali Qin 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.5

In this paper, a class of quaternion-valued generalized cellular neural networks (QVGCNNs) with timevaryingdelays and impulsive effects is considered. Firstly, by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function andapplying inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions on the existence of anti-periodic solutions are established. Then, the global exponential anti-periodic synchronization of delayed QVGCNNs with impulsive effectsand anti-periodic coefficients is investigated by designing a novel nonlinear state-feedback controller and constructingsuitable Lyapunov functions. Our results are completely new even if the considered quaternion-valued systemsdegenerated into real-valued or complex-valued systems. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate thefeasibility and effectiveness of the obtained results.

Nonlocal Formulation for Numerical Analysis of Post-Blast Behavior of RC Columns

Zhong-Xian Li,Bo Zhong,Yanchao Shi,Jia-Bao Yan 한국콘크리트학회 2017 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.11 No.2

Residual axial capacity from numerical analysis was widely used as a critical indicator for damage assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to blast loads. However, the convergence of the numerical result was generally based on the displacement response, which might not necessarily generate the correct post-blast results in case that the strain softening behavior of concrete was considered. In this paper, two widely used concrete models are adopted for post-blast analysis of a RC column under blast loading, while the calculated results show a pathological mesh size dependence even though the displacement response is converged. As a consequence, a nonlocal integral formulation is implemented in a concrete damage model to ensure mesh size independent objectivity of the local and global responses. Two numerical examples, one to a RC column with strain softening response and the other one to a RC column with post-blast response, are conducted by the nonlocal damage model, and the results indicate that both the two cases obtain objective response in the post-peak stage.

Financial Literacy, Network Competency, and SMEs Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Market Orientation

Hazem ALI,Yanchao LI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.10

Research on SMEs highlights their limited resources and the influential role of SMEs’ owners/managers. In this respect, scholars stressed the importance of different capabilities possessed by owners/managers of SMEs in developing a competitive position and enhancing firm performance. This study intended to examine the direct influence of two fundamental capabilities: financial literacy and networking competency possessed by owners/managers of SMEs in China and the United Arab Emirate (UAE) on SMEs’ financial performance. In addition, this research tested the moderating impact of market orientation. The quantitative research method was employed by administering structured questionnaires. A total of 150 and 120 questionnaires were collected from owners/managers of SMEs in China and UAE. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis using Smart-Pls. Findings revealed that SMEs’ financial performance was positively related to maintaining financial literacy and networking competency in both samples. Further, market orientation was found to strengthen the positive impact of financial literacy and networking competency on SMEs’ financial performance in China. However, market orientation had a significant moderating impact only on the relationship between networking and the financial performance of SMEs in the UAE. This paper ends with providing a set of concluding remarks, recommendations, and potential areas of further research.

A Decentralized Optimal Load Current Sharing Method for Power Line Loss Minimization in MT-HVDC Systems

Liu, Yiqi,Song, Wenlong,Li, Ningning,Bai, Linquan,Ji, Yanchao The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.6

This paper discusses the elimination of DC voltage deviation and the enhancement of load current sharing accuracy in multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT-HVDC) systems. In order to minimize the power line losses in different parallel network topologies and to insure the stable operation of systems, a decentralized control method based on a modified droop control is presented in this paper. Averaging the DC output voltage and averaging the output current of two neighboring converters are employed to reduce the congestion of the communication network in a control system, and the decentralized control method is implemented. By minimizing the power loss of the cable, the optimal load current sharing proportion is derived in order to achieve rational current sharing among different converters. The validity of the proposed method using a low bandwidth communication (LBC) network for different topologies is verified. The influence of the parameters of the power cable on the control system stability is analyzed in detail. Finally, transient response simulations and experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy for a MT-HVDC system.

Vibration characteristics investigation of mistuned blisks with receptance substructure component modal synthesis method

Bin Bai,Junyi Zhang,Yanchao Cui,Han Li 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.7

To improve the simulation efficiency of mistuned blisk, a method called receptance substructure component modal synthesis method (RSCMSM) is proposed to reduce its degrees of freedom (DOFs). The advantage of this method is that only the interface DOFs need to be solved, which observably enhances the computational efficiency. The modal frequencies, maximum modal shape and frequency response function are calculated via RSCMSM. It is seen that the smooth frequency band is governed by blade vibration and the steep frequency band is governed by disk or bladed-disk coupling vibration. In addition, a peak is observed for the tuned blisk but many peaks appear for the mistuned blisk and many small wave crests are observed near the peak. To verify validity of this method, the computational time of RSCMSM is compared with high fidelity finite element method (HFFEM) and classical substructure component modal synthesis method (CSCMSM), which manifests that the computational efficiency increases by 32.19 %-80.82 % than that of HFFEM when the mistuned level is 0 %~5 %. Moreover, computational efficiency of RSCMSM is increased by 0.85 %-7.56 % than that of CSCMSM. The validity of RSCMSM is verified for calculating the complex mechanical structure.

On DC-Side Impedance Frequency Characteristics Analysis and DC Voltage Ripple Prediction under Unbalanced Conditions for MMC-HVDC System Based on Maximum Modulation Index

Liu, Yiqi,Chen, Qichao,Li, Ningning,Xie, Bing,Wang, Jianze,Ji, Yanchao The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.1

In this study, we first briefly introduce the effect of circulating current control on the modulation signal of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). The maximum modulation index is also theoretically derived. According to the optimal modulation index analysis and the model in the continuous domain, different DC-side output impedance equivalent models of MMC with/without compensating component are derived. The DC-side impedance of MMC inverter station can be regarded as a series xR + yL + zC branch in both cases. The compensating component of the maximum modulation index is also related to the DC equivalent impedance with circulating current control. The frequency characteristic of impedance for MMC, which is observed from its DC side, is analyzed. Finally, this study investigates the prediction of the DC voltage ripple transfer between two-terminal MMC high-voltage direct current systems under unbalanced conditions. The rationality and accuracy of the impedance model are verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental results.