Mechanism and Analysis of Laccase-mediated Coloration of Silk Fabrics

Weini Jia,Qiang Wang,Xuerong Fan,Aixue Dong,Yuanyuan Yu,Ping Wang 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.4

Laccase provides a mild and eco-friendly alternative for the dyeing of fabrics. In this study, laccase-mediated catalytic oxidation was employed in coloration of silk fabrics, and the color was then assessed. The surfaces of silk fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their thermal and crystallization properties were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and Xray diffraction (XRD). The textile softness was evaluated by the bending rigidity (B). In addition, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy were employed to analyze hydrolysate of silk fabrics obtained from hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid solution. The results demonstrated that a stable reddish-yellow layer was formed on the surface of silk fabrics by the laccase-mediated coupling of phenol hydroxyl side chains in the silk polypeptide. Moreover, the SEM and AFM observations showed that the surface of colored silk fiber was slick. ATR-FTIR and XPS results demonstrated differences in the C, N, O contents and the functional groups of the uncolored and colored silk fabrics. The DSC, TG, and XRD indicated that the thermal properties of silk fabrics were not affected by laccase and the coupling reaction mainly occurred in the amorphous region. The DMF extraction test further illustrated that covalent bonds were formed between tyrosine residues constituent of silk peptides. Finally, HPLC and UV-VIS results showed that new substances were formed as a result of conjugation between benzene rings.

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Templated Dyeing of Natural Phenol on Silk Fabric via Horseradish Peroxidase-Catalyzed

Na-won Baek,Xuerong Fan,Li Dai,Lin Zhang,Jiugang Yuan 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.12

The use of natural plants for dyeing is a new green approach in the textile industry using eco-friendly, renewable,and non-toxic reductants for dyeing fabric. Recently, various templates have been reported to enhance the polymerization ofnatural phenols. In this paper, ferulic acid (FA) was synthesized using a new approach and arranged on poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) templates using horseradish peroxide (HRP)-catalyzed oxidative polymerization. The polymerization mechanism wasstudied in detail using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS)analysis. In addition, the template effect of PEG on 13 natural phenols was also investigated. Upon analyzing the color depth,the K/S value of the silk fabric dyed using PEG as a template was significantly higher than that in the absence of PEG. Thehigher color depth of the poly(ferulic acid)/PEG-treated silk fabrics further validated the important role of PEG as a template. This study presents an environmentally friendly method for dyeing silk fabric under mild conditions and the polymerizationmechanism. Compared to chemical polymerization reactions, this enzyme (HRP)-based synthesis is more environmentallyfriendly due to its milder reaction conditions.

Laccase-catalyzed Polymerization of Aniline with Different Soft Templates

Ya Zhang,Qiang Wang,Xuerong Fan 한국고분자학회 2018 폴리머 Vol.42 No.2

A comparison of laccase-catalyzed polymerization of aniline in the presence of two different “soft” templates - micelle forming surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and sulfonated natural polyelectrolyte calcium lignosulfonate (LGS) - was investigated to check the influences of different templates on the kinetics of the polymerization and on the characteristics of the complexes obtained. Under respective optimal conditions, pH 4.5 for SDBS and pH 3.5 for LGS, the reaction with LGS was much slower than that in SDBS emulsion. The conditions for laccase-catalyzed synthesis of emeraldine salt of polyaniline (PANI-ES) in both cases were optimized using UV-vis spectroscopy. It was found that PANI-ES obtained with LGS template had a higher degree of oxidation with a higher amount of benzene rings than PANI-ES obtained in SDBS emulsion. Since the protonation of PANI occurred on its imine sites, the doping effect of LGS-doped PANI-ES, confirmed by XPS, was thus better than that of SDBS-doped one.

Dyeing and Functionalization of Wool Fabric with Alizarin Red S via Covalent Combination Catalyzed by Horseradish Peroxidase and Hydrogen Peroxide

Renbin Sun,Jiangfei Lou,Xuerong Fan,Weidong Gao,Zhengbiao Gu 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

Metal ion mordants are commonly used in the process of dyeing natural fabrics, such as cotton, wool, and silk, to improve their color fastness, but the use of metal salts results in toxic metal wastes which can harm the environment and are costly to process. This study investigated the dyeing and functionalization of wool fabrics with Alizarin Red S (ARS), catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2, as well as the polymerization mechanism of the ARS/HRP-H2O2 system and possible covalent conjugation mechanisms with wool fiber proteins. The dyeing process was optimized by determining the effects of HRP and ARS dosages, reaction temperature, and reaction time on ARS dyeing performance, as well as the color fastness and antibacterial properties of the resulting dyed fabrics. The HRP and H2O2 catalyzed polymerization of ARS and covalent attachment of the polymers to the wool fibers resulted in dyed fabrics with high color fastness; the rubbing and washing fastness were both 4–5. The antibacterial properties of dyed wool fabrics were excellent, achieving 92.3% growth inhibition of Escherichia coli. Therefore, the HRP-H2O2 system has great potential to replace metal mordants in the dyeing process of natural fibers and reduce the production of toxic wastes by this industry.

Synthesis and Application of Oxidized Trehalose as a Hydrophilic Anti-crease Finishing Reagent for Cotton Fabric

Jiangfei Lou,Jiugang Yuan,Qiang Wang,Xuerong Fan 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.4

In order to improve the anti-crease property of cotton fabrics, it is necessary to chemically cross-link functionalgroups in the fabric via anti-crease finishing. However, the large amount of hydroxyl groups in cotton cellulose is consumedduring the cross-linking finishing process, which greatly reduces the hydrophilicity of the fabric, and thus, staining of cottonfabrics is greatly reduced. Consequently, the fabric becomes non-conducive to subsequent processing and is not well suitedfor typical applications of cotton fabric. In this paper, a new type of anti-crease finishing reagent for cotton fabric wasprepared by using sodium periodate to oxidize Trehalose. This new finishing improved the anti-crease property, and thehydrophilicity and staining of the fabric. The optimum preparation process of oxidized trehalose (OTr) was determined byanalyzing the influence of initial pH, molar ratio of trehalose to sodium periodate, and the reaction time on the amount ofaldehyde groups formed. The structure of OTr was characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF mass, and the reactionprocess of OTr was analyzed. The anti-crease property, stiffness, whiteness, tensile strength, hydrophilicity and stainingproperty of fabrics treated with OTr was compared to conventional anti-crease finishing reagents. Results show that the anticreaseproperty and stiffness of the OTr-treated fabric were significantly improved. The crease recovery angle reached 254 o. The whiteness, tensile strength, hydrophilicity and staining of the fabric remained closer to that of the non-treated fabric, ascompared to other anti-crease treatments.

Bio-Inspired Coloring and Functionalization of Silk Fabric via Laccase-Catalyzed Graft Polymerization of Arylamines

Yelin Nong,Zhou Zhou,Jiugang Yuan,Ping Wang,Yuanyuan Yu,Qiang Wang,Xuerong Fan 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.9

Generally, dyeing and finishing of Bombyx mori silk fibers were proceeded at high temperature, which has thedisadvantages of overmuch energy-consumptions. In the present work, bio-inspired in situ coloring and functionalization ofsilk fabric were carried out via laccase-catalyzed graft polymerization of arylamines, including aniline (ANI) and pphenylenediamine(PPD). p-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (PHAD) as the model compound of tyrosine residues in silk fibroin(SF) was used to explore the mechanism of graft polymerization by means of MALDI-TOF MS. The actions of the dopantsof sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate (ABSA) on the enzymatic treatmentwere also concerned. The results indicated that laccase might initiate the self-polymerizations of ANI and PPD, respectively,and formed the copolymers of arylamine and PHAD subsequently. High color depth and color fastness were obtained afterincubation silk fabric with laccase and arylamines, companying with a noticeable pH-responsiveness. The laccase-mediatedtreatment endowed silk fabric with antibacterial and antioxidant abilities, meanwhile, the addition of dopants of SDBS andABSA promoted the enzymatic finishing. Enzymatic graft polymerization of arylamine onto silk fibroin provides a novelapproach for dyeing and functionalization of silk fabrics under mild treating conditions.

Eco-friendly Grafting of Chitosan as a Biopolymer onto Wool Fabrics Using Horseradish Peroxidase

Lingling Xu,Nan Zhang,Qiang Wang,Jiugang Yuan,Yuanyuan Yu,Ping Wang,Xuerong Fan 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.2

Chitosan and enzymes have been extensively used in modification of wool, due to their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics, as well as to reduce pollution in textile production. In the present work, chitosan was grafted onto wool fabrics using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to endow wool with outstanding properties. The reaction mechanism, grafting percentage, and properties of chitosan-grafted pretreated wool fabric including wettability, dyeability, shrink resistance, and antibacterial activity were studied. P-hydroxyphenylacetamide (PHAD), as a model compound for tyrosine residues in wool,was used to study the mechanism of HRP-mediated grafting of chitosan onto wool. UV and FTIR analyses indicated that quinones, which are intermediate of HRP/H2O2-catalyzed PHAD, reacted with the amino groups of chitosan by Schiff base or Michael addition reactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that dichloroisocyanuric acid pretreatment had an etching effect and some substances were deposited onto the wool fiber. SEM and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further confirmed the covalent grafting of chitosan onto wool. Compared with chitosan-grafted unpretreatedwool, there was an obvious improvement in grafting efficiency of chitosan onto wool fabric, physical and mechanical properties after pretreatment and chitosan grafting on the wool. For chitosan-grafted pretreated wool fabrics, there was no observable change in the thermal behavior, while the hydrophilicity, dyeability, shrinkage resistance, and antibacterial activity were remarkably improved compared to that of untreated wool. The present work offers a new ecologically acceptable process of grafting chitosan on the wool.