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박은정,김대선,박충희,송상환,이병훈,홍윤철,Xiaochuan Pan,Jingyu Wang,Yi-xiang Zhang,박광식 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5
Concentrations of ambient air particles such as total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate matter (PM)10, and PM2.5, were monitored simultaneously from May to June, 2007, at four locations at Alashan and Beijing in China,and Seoul and Gosan in South Korea. These monitoring sites are in the pathway of Asian dust (AD) storms traveling from China to the Korean peninsula. An AD event was observed in the Korean peninsula on May 25-26. During the sampling period, the average concentrations of TSP and PM10 were each higher than 150 μg/m3 in Alashan and Beijing, but not in Seoul and Gosan. The concentration of TSP in Alashan (where the dust storm originated) on the day of the AD event reached 1824.7 μg/m3, this being the highest concentration of air particles observed during the sampling period. The level was decreased to 15% of this (274.7 μg/m3) in Seoul and to 8.7% (159. 0 μg/m3) in Gosan when the AD was observed two days later in Korea. Gosan, a representative background site in East Asia,displayed the lowest concentration of particles, with this maximal TSP concentration of 159 μg/m3. Inorganic element contents in the air particles were also measured, and the concentrations in the four different regions compared. Concentrations of anthropogenically-enriched heavy metals in PM10 and PM2.5, such as lead, arsenic,cadmium, and mercury, were higher in the metropolitan cities of Beijing and Seoul compared to non-industrialized regions of Alashan and Gosan. However, the concentrations of inorganic soil elements including iron, magnesium,aluminum sodium, and manganese, were higher in Alashan compared to those in other sampling sites.
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Heat Wave and Mortality: A Multicountry, Multicommunity Study
Guo, Yuming,Gasparrini, Antonio,Armstrong, Ben G.,Tawatsupa, Benjawan,Tobias, Aurelio,Lavigne, Eric,Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio,Pan, Xiaochuan,Kim, Ho,Hashizume, Masahiro,Honda, Yasu Environmental Health Perspectives 2017 Environmental health perspectives Vol.125 No.8
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Few studies have examined variation in the associations between heat waves and mortality in an international context.</P><P><B>Objectives:</B></P><P>We aimed to systematically examine the impacts of heat waves on mortality with lag effects internationally.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>We collected daily data of temperature and mortality from 400 communities in 18 countries/regions and defined 12 types of heat waves by combining community-specific daily mean temperature [FORMULA OMISSION], 92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of temperature with duration [FORMULA OMISSION], 3, and 4 d. We used time-series analyses to estimate the community-specific heat wave–mortality relation over lags of 0–10 d. Then, we applied meta-analysis to pool heat wave effects at the country level for cumulative and lag effects for each type of heat wave definition.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Heat waves of all definitions had significant cumulative associations with mortality in all countries, but varied by community. The higher the temperature threshold used to define heat waves, the higher heat wave associations on mortality. However, heat wave duration did not modify the impacts. The association between heat waves and mortality appeared acutely and lasted for 3 and 4 d. Heat waves had higher associations with mortality in moderate cold and moderate hot areas than cold and hot areas. There were no added effects of heat waves on mortality in all countries/regions, except for Brazil, Moldova, and Taiwan. Heat waves defined by daily mean and maximum temperatures produced similar heat wave–mortality associations, but not daily minimum temperature.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Results indicate that high temperatures create a substantial health burden, and effects of high temperatures over consecutive days are similar to what would be experienced if high temperature days occurred independently. People living in moderate cold and moderate hot areas are more sensitive to heat waves than those living in cold and hot areas. Daily mean and maximum temperatures had similar ability to define heat waves rather than minimum temperature. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1026</P>
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Park, Eun-Jung,Kim, Dae-Seon,Park, Chung-Hee,Song, Sang-Whan,Lee, Byung-Hoon,Hong, Yun-Chul,Pan, Xiaochuan,Wang, Jin-Gyu,Zhang, Yi-Xiang,Park, Kwang-Sik Korean Society of Environmental Health 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5
Concentrations of ambient air particles such as total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate matter $(PM)_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$, were monitored simultaneously from May to June, 2007, at four locations at Alashan and Beijing in China, and Seoul and Gosan in South Korea. These monitoring sites are in the pathway of Asian dust (AD) storms traveling from China to the Korean peninsula. An AD event was observed in the Korean peninsula on May 25-26. During the sampling period, the average concentrations of TSP and PM10 were each higher than $150\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in Alashan and Beijing, but not in Seoul and Gosan. The concentration of TSP in Alashan (where the dust storm originated) on the day of the AD event reached $1824.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$, this being the highest concentration of air particles observed during the sampling period. The level was decreased to 15% of this ($274.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$) in Seoul and to 8.7% ($159.0\;{\mu}g/m^3$) in Gosan when the AD was observed two days later in Korea. Gosan, a representative background site in East Asia, displayed the lowest concentration of particles, with this maximal TSP concentration of $159\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Inorganic element contents in the air particles were also measured, and the concentrations in the four different regions compared. Concentrations of anthropogenically-enriched heavy metals in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury, were higher in the metropolitan cities of Beijing and Seoul compared to non-industrialized regions of Alashan and Gosan. However, the concentrations of inorganic soil elements including iron, magnesium, aluminum sodium, and manganese, were higher in Alashan compared to those in other sampling sites.
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