The effects of codon usage on the formation of secondary structures of nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

Xiao‑xia Ma,Yi‑ning Wang,Xiao‑an Cao,Xue‑rui Li,Yong‑sheng Liu,Jian‑hua Zhou,Xue‑peng Cai 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.9

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) with a conserved amino acid usage pattern plays an important role in viral replication. The primary objective of this study was to estimate roles of synonymous codon usages of PPRV N gene and tRNA abundances of host in the formation of secondary structure of N protein. The potential effects of synonymous codon usages of N gene and tRNA abundances of host on shaping different folding units (α-helix, β-strand and the coil) in N protein were estimated, based on the information about the modeling secondary structure of PPRV N protein. The synonymous codon usage bias was found in different folding units in PPRV N protein. To better understand the role of translation speed caused by variant tRNA abundances in shaping the specific folding unit in N protein, we modeled the changing trends of tRNA abundance at the transition boundaries from one folding unit to another folding unit (β-strand → coil, coil → β-strand, α-helix → coil, coil → α-helix). The obvious fluctuations of tRNA abundance were identified at the two transition boundaries (β-strand → coil and coil → β-strand) in PPRV N protein. Our findings suggested that viral synonymous codon usage bias and cellular tRNA abundance variation might have potential effects on the formation of secondary structure of PPRV N protein.

Treatment of fever with traditional Chinese medicine according to Zheng on cancer patients (based on case reports)

Peng Cao,Lan-Ying Liu,Xue-Ting Cai,Xiao-Ning Wang,Jie-Ge Huo,Zhong-Ying Zhou 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2012 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.2 No.2

Fever in cancer patients is often due to the following causes: evil qi and toxity stagnancy, disorders of qi and blood, deficiencies of zang and fu organs, and the disorder of yin and yang. The treatments given to cancer patients with a fever are according to five: (a) Excessive inner heat and toxicants: remove heat and the toxicant, induce purgation. We use Cheng-Qi-Tang plus Qing-Wen-Bai-Du-Yin. (b) Tangle of damp and heat, and qi stagnancy: remove damp and heat, smooth the qi channel. We use Gan-Lu-Xiao-Du-Dan or San-Ren-Tang. (c) Obvious blood and heat stagnancy: remove heat and blood stasis. We use Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang. (d) Deficiency of spleen qi, inner heat caused by a yin deficiency: nourish spleen qi and yin to remove the inner heat. We use Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang or Xiao-Jian-Zhong-Tang. (e) Prominent yin deficiency and hectic fever: replenish yin and remove inner heat. We use Qing-Hao-Bie-Jia-Tang or Chai-Qian-Mei-Lian-San. The pathogenesis of fever in cancer patients is complicated. We can see both deficiency and excess in one differentiation. Therefore, we must make sure of it, then we can get the most effective treatment.

Effect of Asymmetric Rolling on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Texture Evolution of Mg–8Li–3Al–1Y Alloy

Xiao Zhou,Ruirui Liu,Qiang Liu,Haitao Zhou 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.5

Asymmetric rolling was applied to dual phase Mg–8Li–3Al–1Y alloy with different speed ratio and rolling reduction. Withincreasing reduction at the same speed ratio the population of β-Li grains decreased with a feature of fibered grains alongthe rolling direction. As for different speed ratio under the same reduction, β-Li grains kept equiaxed, but α-Mg phase wasfirst elongated and fibered and then transited to equiaxed small grains. The enhanced yield strength and tensile strengthwere achieved with the increase of rolling reduction and speed ratio. In particular, when speed ratio reached to 1:1.3 underthe same rolling reduction (30%), the optimal mechanical properties were obtained. As for texture evolution, we found thebasal texture was obviously weakened and some new weak texture was formed after asymmetric rolling. Interestingly, it wasnoted that the texture on the side of slow roll is distinct from that on the side of the fast roll due to the different rolling speed.

Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–8Li–3Al–1Y Alloy Subjected to Different Rolling Processes

Xiao Zhou,Qiang Liu,Ruirui Liu,Haitao Zhou 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.6

The mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of Mg–8Li–3Al–1Y alloy undergoing different rolling processeswere systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy as well as electron backscattered diffraction were used for tracking the microstructure evolution. Tensile testingwas employed to characterize the mechanical properties. After hot rolling, the MgLi2Alprecipitated in β-Li matrix due to thetransformation reaction: β-Li → β-Li + MgLi2Al + α-Mg. As for the alloy subjected to annealed hot rolling, β-Li phase wasclearly recrystallized while recrystallization rarely occurred in α-Mg phase. With regard to the microstructure undergoing coldrolling, plenty of dislocations and dislocation walls were easily observed. In addition, the microstructure of alloys subjectedto annealed cold rolling revealed the formation of new fresh α-Mg grains in β-Li phase due to the precipitation reaction. Themechanical properties and fracture modes of Mg–8Li–3Al–1Y alloys can be effectively tuned by different rolling processes.

Preparation of Homogeneous Microstructure Pure Lead Metaniobate by Two-Step Sintering

Xiao-gang Zhao,Peng Liu,Bo Chao,Su Juan Liu,Ming Pang,Xiao-Ming Chen,Jian-Ping Zhou 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of the present work is to obtain the Lead metaniobate ceramics with the orthorhombic phase via a two-step sintering method. The samples were first sintered at 1320°C for 10 min, and then sintered separately at 1260°C, 1220°C, and 1180°C for 4 h. All the ceramics show orthorhombic phase and homogeneous microstructure. It was found that the abnormal grain growth was restrained obviously.

Structural deformation monitoring and service reliability analysis for slab track in plateau areas

Xiao-Zhou Liu,Zai-Wei Li,Hong-Yao Lu,Yue-Lei He 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.9

How to effectively monitor the structural condition of slab track and determine its service reliability is a key problem to be solved in the development of high-speed rail (HSR) lines in plateau areas, due to the influence of extreme climate, such as low air pressure, dryness and large temperature difference. To this end, this paper first develops an online displacement monitoring system for double-block slab track. Considering the actual operation condition of the HSR line, this system uses the non-contact vision sensing technique to measure the slab displacement. The slab temperature is also measured synchronously by the system. Then, the relationship between atmospheric temperature and the displacement of the slab track is discussed. The monitoring data are grouped according to three temperature states when being collected: stable temperature, rapid temperature rise, and rapid temperature drop. Finally, the serviceability limit state (SLS) equation of slab track is established and the service reliability of slab track under three temperature conditions is calculated using Monte Carlo method. The results show that track slab deformation is highly sensitive to temperature change and can significantly affect the service reliability of the slab track; compared with the period of “stable temperature”, when the temperature rises rapidly, the reliability index of the slab track decreases from 4.48 to 3.92 and the corresponding failure possibility increases around 12 times. This research can provide data support and theoretical basis for intelligent health management of the HSR slab track in the plateau area.

Flavonoid Glycosides and Potential Antivirus Activity of Isolated Compounds from the Leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora

Zhou, Zhong-Liu,Yin, Wen-Qing,Zou, Xiao-Peng,Huang, Dan-Ying,Zhou, Cui-Liu,Li, Lian-Mei,Chen, Ke-Cheng,Guo, Zi-Ying,Lin, San-Qing 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.6

The extraction and solvent partition of the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora, and repeated column chromatography for n-BuOH fraction yielded a new flavonoid glycoside, citrioside C (1), along with three known flavonoid glycosides (2-4). The latter were identified with kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranosyl (12)-${\alpha}$-$\small{L}$-rhamnoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-${\alpha}$-$\small{L}$-rhamnoside (3), and quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-$\small{L}$-rhamnoside (4). Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses including NMR, MS, UV, and IR. All constitutents were isolated for the first time from the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora. The potential antivirus activity of all the isolated compounds was evaluated. Compound 4 showed potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus with 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) value of $1.9{\mu}g/mL$ and selective index value of 9.8.

Wheel tread defect detection for high-speed trains using FBG-based online monitoring techniques

Liu, Xiao-Zhou,Ni, Yi-Qing Techno-Press 2018 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.21 No.5

The problem of wheel tread defects has become a major challenge for the health management of high-speed rail as a wheel defect with small radius deviation may suffice to give rise to severe damage on both the train bogie components and the track structure when a train runs at high speeds. It is thus highly desirable to detect the defects soon after their occurrences and then conduct wheel turning for the defective wheelsets. Online wheel condition monitoring using wheel impact load detector (WILD) can be an effective solution, since it can assess the wheel condition and detect potential defects during train passage. This study aims to develop an FBG-based track-side wheel condition monitoring method for the detection of wheel tread defects. The track-side sensing system uses two FBG strain gauge arrays mounted on the rail foot, measuring the dynamic strains of the paired rails excited by passing wheelsets. Each FBG array has a length of about 3 m, slightly longer than the wheel circumference to ensure a full coverage for the detection of any potential defect on the tread. A defect detection algorithm is developed for using the online-monitored rail responses to identify the potential wheel tread defects. This algorithm consists of three steps: 1) strain data pre-processing by using a data smoothing technique to remove the trends; 2) diagnosis of novel responses by outlier analysis for the normalized data; and 3) local defect identification by a refined analysis on the novel responses extracted in Step 2. To verify the proposed method, a field test was conducted using a test train incorporating defective wheels. The train ran at different speeds on an instrumented track with the purpose of wheel condition monitoring. By using the proposed method to process the monitoring data, all the defects were identified and the results agreed well with those from the static inspection of the wheelsets in the depot. A comparison is also drawn for the detection accuracy under different running speeds of the test train, and the results show that the proposed method can achieve a satisfactory accuracy in wheel defect detection when the train runs at a speed higher than 30 kph. Some minor defects with a depth of 0.05 mm~0.06 mm are also successfully detected.

Flavonoid Glycosides and Potential Antivirus Activity of Isolated Compounds from the Leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora

Zhong-Liu Zhou,Wen-Qing Yin,Xiao-Peng Zou,Dan-Ying Huang,Cui-Liu Zhou,Lian-Mei Li,Ke-Cheng Chen,Zi-Ying Guo,San-Qing Lin 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.6

The extraction and solvent partition of the leaves ofEucalyptus citriodora, and repeated column chromatography for n-BuOH fraction yielded a new flavonoid glycoside, citrioside C (1),along with three known flavonoid glycosides (2-4). The latter wereidentified with kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (12)-α-L-rhamnoside(2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), and quercetin-3-O-α-Lrhamnoside(4). Their chemical structures were identified on thebasis of spectroscopic data analyses including NMR, MS, UV, andIR. All constitutents were isolated for the first time from the leavesof Eucalyptus citriodora. The potential antivirus activity of all theisolated compounds was evaluated. Compound 4 showed potentantiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus with 50%inhibition concentration (IC50) value of 1.9 μg/mL and selectiveindex value of 9.8.

Influence of nickel-zinc ratio on microstructure, magnetic and dielectric properties of Ni(1−x)ZnxFe2O4 ferrites

Qian Liu,Li Lv,Jian-Ping Zhou,Xiao-Ming Chen,Xiao-Bing Bian,Peng Liu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2012 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.13 No.2

Ni(1−x)ZnxFe2O4 (x = 0 − 1.0) ceramics were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The samples have been investigated for their structures, microstructures, dielectric and magnetic properties in detail. A pure spinel crystal structure was obtained in the sintering temperature range of 1150-1250oC. The dielectric properties of part samples present a Debye relaxation phenomenon. The Curie temperature reduces linearly with the zinc concentrations. The magnetic permeability and saturation magnetization increase firstly to high values and then reduce with the zinc concentration. But the coercivity shows a different behavior. It increases at first and then decreases for the samples sintered at 1200oC while it descends monotonically with the zinc concentration for the samples sintered at 1250oC.