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( Barbara Bennett Woodhouse ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2009 Journal of Korean Law Vol.8 No.1
“Individualism”-defined as a belief in the primary importance of the individual and the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence-is deeply rooted in United States tradition and culture. Its opposite (dependence or collectivity) is disparaged and rejected, as can be seen by the stigma attached to “socialism,” “welfare,” or other programs seen as government “handouts.” This paper argues that individualism is a myth that has impeded the development of early childhood policy, resulting in a gap between what we know children need and what we provide for them. As a result, the U.S. ranks last or near to last on measures of child well-being in comparison with peer nations. The author argues that the U.S. should develop public programs such as paid parental leave, and access to subsidized early childhood care and education (termed “educare”), recognizing a collective stake in young children’s needs for both nurture and education.
Relationships between faecal phytate and mineral excretion depend on dietary phytate and age
Kim, Jihye,Woodhouse, Leslie R.,King, Janet C.,Welch, Ross M.,Li, Shan Ji,Paik, Hee Young,Joung, Hyojee Cambridge University Press 2009 The British journal of nutrition Vol.102 No.6
<P>We investigated the adverse effect of phytate on mineral absorption and the effect of dietary phytate and age on the relationship between faecal phytate and faecal mineral excretion. Fourteen young women (aged 19-24 years) and fourteen elderly women (64-75 years) were studied for two metabolic periods (MP). In MP1, the subjects consumed a controlled high-phytate (HP) diet for 10 d; in MP2, they were on a low-phytate (LP) diet for 10 d. In each period, diet samples and complete faecal samples for 5 d were collected to analyse phytate and mineral contents. Mineral concentrations in diet and faeces were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between faecal phytate and mineral excretion. The degradation rate of dietary phytate was about 77 % for young women, which was significantly lower than that of elderly women (86 %) (<I>P</I> < 0·05). Faecal phytate excretion was positively correlated with mineral excretion (Ca, P, Fe and Zn) in both the HP and LP diet groups in young women (<I>P</I> < 0·05). The linear relationship tended to be greater during the LP diet period compared with the HP diet period in young women. However, no association was found between phytate excretion and mineral excretion in elderly women. In summary, undegraded dietary phytate (10-20 %) had a negative effect on mineral absorption in young women, and the relationship between faecal phytate and mineral excretion was affected by both dietary phytate and age.</P>