http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Choe, Wonho,Kim, Jayhyun,Ono, Masayuki International Atomic Energy Agency 2005 Nuclear fusion. Fusion nucléaire. &n.Illiga Vol.45 No.12
<P>Eventual elimination of the in-board Ohmic heating solenoid is required for the spherical torus (ST) to function as a compact component test facility and as an attractive fusion power plant. An in-board Ohmic solenoid, along with the shielding needed for its insulation, can dramatically increase the size and, hence, the cost of the plant. Advanced tokamak reactor designs also assume no or a small in-board solenoid to reduce the size and cost of the plant. In addition, elimination of the in-board solenoid greatly reduces the coil stresses and simplifies the coil design. Here, we investigate using static as well as dynamic codes in ST geometries with two complementary solenoid-free plasma start-up approaches: one utilizes only the outer poloidal field coils to create a relatively high quality field null region while retaining significant poloidal flux, and the other takes advantage of the poloidal flux stored in the conducting centre-post to create a start-up condition similar to that of the conventional Ohmic solenoid method. We find that it is therefore possible to come up with a promising configuration, which produces a quality multi-pole field-null and sufficient loop-voltage needed for plasma initiation and significant poloidal flux for subsequent current ramp-up. The present solenoid-free start-up concept, if proved feasible, can be readily extended to higher field devices due to relatively simple physics principles and favourable scaling with the device size and toroidal field.</P>
Choe Wonho,Chae Jeong-Don,Yang John Jeongseok,Hwang Sang-Hyun,Choi Sung-Eun,Oh Heung-Bum 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.3
Background: Recent studies have successfully implemented next-generation sequencing (NGS) in HLA typing. We performed HLA NGS in a Korean population to estimate HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies up to an 8-digit resolution, which might be useful for an extended application of HLA results. Methods: A total of 128 samples collected from healthy unrelated Korean adults, previously subjected to Sanger sequencing for 6-digit HLA analysis, were used. NGS was performed for HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 using the AllType NGS kit (One Lambda, West Hills, CA, USA), Ion Torrent S5 platform (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and Type Steam Visual NGS analysis software (One Lambda). Results: Eight HLA alleles showed frequencies of ≥10% in the Korean population, namely, A*24:02:01:01 (19.5%), A*33:03:01 (15.6%), A*02:01:01:01 (14.5%), A*11:01:01:01 (13.3%), B*15:01:01:01 (10.2%), C*01:02:01 (19.9%), C*03:04:01:02 (11.3%), and DRB1*09:01:02 (10.2%). Nine previous 6-digit HLA alleles were further identified as two or more 8-digit HLA alleles. Of these, eight alleles (A*24:02:01, B*35:01:01, B*40:01:02, B*55:02:01, B*58:01:01, C*03:02:02, C*07:02:01, and DRB1*07:01:01) were identified as two 8-digit HLA alleles, and one allele (B*51:01:01) was identified as three 8-digit HLA alleles. The most frequent four-loci haplotype was HLA-A*33:03:01-B*44:03:01:01-C*14: 03-DRB1*13:02:01. Conclusions: We identified 8-digit HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in a healthy Korean population using NGS. These new data can be used as a representative Korean data for further disease-related HLA type analysis.
Influence of a Stacked-CuPc Layer on the Performance of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Choe Youngson,Park Si Young,Park Dae Won,Kim Wonho The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.1
Vacuum deposited copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was placed as a thin interlayer between indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a hole transporting layer (HTL) in a multi-layered, organic, light-emitting diode (OLEOs). The well-stacked CuPc layer increased the stability and efficiency of the devices. Thermal annealing after CuPc deposition and magnetic field treatment during CuPc deposition were performed to obtain a stacked-CuPc layer; the former increased the stacking density of the CuPc molecules and the alignment of the CuPc film. Thermal annealing at about 100$^{circ}C$ increased the current flow through the CuPc layer by over 25$\%$. Surface roughness decreased from 4.12 to 3.65 nm and spikes were lowered at the film surface as well. However, magnetic field treatment during deposition was less effective than thermal treatment. Eventually, a higher luminescence at a given voltage was obtained when a thermally-annealed CuPc layer was placed in the present, multi-layered, ITO/CuPc/NPD/Alq3/LiF/AI devices. Thermal annealing at about 100$^{circ}C$ for 3 h produced the most efficient, multi-layered EL devices in the present study.
최영태 ( Youngtae Choe ),박진현 ( Jinhyeon Park ),김은채 ( Eunchae Kim ),김동준 ( Dongjun Kim ),민기홍 ( Kihong Min ),조만수 ( Mansu Cho ),양원호 ( Wonho Yang ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2020 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.18 No.1
As health problems caused by air pollutants and problems caused by air pollutants such as COVID-19 are caused, interest in air quality is growing. Modern people spend more than 80% of their day indoors, so most of them are exposed to air pollutants indoors. Also, contaminated air of indoor air may be generated indoors or introduced outdoors. If contaminated air is not properly ventilated or discharged indoors, contamination accumulates as it circulates inside, which can cause more problems than outdoor air pollution. In particular, indoor air quality is more important when spending a long time in a space such as a house, office, or school classroom. Unlike adults, children and adolescents have a higher respiratory rate per unit weight and a higher risk of exposure to pollutants heavier than air due to their relatively low height. Also, because students spend most of their day in the classroom, the quality of the school classroom air can have a greater impact on students’ health. The indoor air quality of school classrooms can change the PM10 concentration due to external influences. Therefore, the environment and characteristics of the school must be considered.
Monte-Carlo 모의실험을 이용한 초·중·고등학교의환기부족 평가
최영태(Youngtae Choe),박진현(Jinhyeon Park),김은채(Eunchae Kim),류현수(Hyoensu Ryu) 김동준(Dong Jun Kim),민기홍(Kihong Min),정다영(Dayoung Jung),우병렬(Byung Lyul Woo),조만수(Mansu Cho),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.6
Objectives: Indoor air quality has become more important aspeople spend most of their times indoors. Since students spend most of their times at home or at school, they are more likely to be exposed to indoor air pollutants. Ventilation in school classrooms can affect health and learning performance. In this study, ventilation deficiency was evaluated in school classrooms using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: This study used sensor-based monitoring for six months to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in classrooms in elementary, middle, and high schools. The volume of the classroom and the number of students were investigated, and the students’ body surface area was used to calculate the CO2 emission rate. The distribution of ventilation rates was estimated by measured CO2 concentration and a massbalance model using Monte Carlo simulation. Results: In the elementary, middle, and high schools, the average CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm, indicating that the ventilation rates were insufficient. The ventilation rates were deficient from July to August and in December, but showed relatively high ventilation rates in October. Forty-three percent of elementary schools, 56% of middle schools, and 62% of high schools showed insufficient ventilation rates. Conclusions: The ventilation rates calculated in elementary, middle and high schools were found to be quite insufficient. Therefore, proper management is needed to overcome the lack of ventilation and improve air quality.
Nonlinear ion dynamics in Hall thruster plasma source by ion transit-time instability
Lim, Youbong,Choe, Wonho,Mazouffre, Sté,phane,Park, Jae Sun,Kim, Holak,Seon, Jongho,Garrigues, L IOP PUBLISHING 2017 PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.3
<P>High-energy tail formation in an ion energy distribution function (IEDF) is explained in a Hall thruster plasma with the stationary crossed electric and magnetic fields whose discharge current is oscillated at the ion transit-time scale with a frequency of 360 kHz. Among ions in different charge states, singly charged Xe ions (Xe<SUP>+</SUP>) have an IEDF that is significantly broadened and shifted toward the high-energy side, which contributes to tail formation in the entire IEDF. Analytical and numerical investigations confirm that the IEDF tail is due to nonlinear ion dynamics in the ion transit-time oscillation.</P>
Interplay among ozone and nitrogen oxides in air plasmas: Rapid change in plasma chemistry
Park, Sanghoo,Choe, Wonho,Jo, Cheorun Elsevier 2018 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.352 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Air is obligatorily used as a supply gas in most of the plasma-aided processing (<I>e.g.</I>, plasma-catalysis) systems because it is the most cost-effective approach, but the simultaneous production of gaseous ozone and nitrogen oxides is an unavoidable issue. Consequently, facilitating the separate production of ozone and nitrogen oxides is the primary requirement for achieving the desired plasma performance for specific purposes, yet it is poorly studied. Here, we report the chemical interplay among ozone and nitrogen oxides (<I>i.e</I>., NO, NO<SUB>2</SUB>, NO<SUB>3</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>) in air-based plasmas using surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuators as a reference plasma. A gas-tight chamber containing a DBD apparatus was designed for in-situ optical absorption spectroscopy to measure the concentrations of the chemicals. The temporal evolution of each chemical was successfully observed, and a rapid change in the plasma-chemistry mode (<I>i.e</I>., O<SUB>3</SUB>- to NO<SUB>2</SUB>-dominant mode) was clearly demonstrated. As a control parameter, the gas temperature, which ranged from 25 °C to 250 °C, was set in separate experiments. As the gas temperature was increased, ozone decomposed faster, while NO<SUB>2</SUB> became a dominant chemical species in the reactor earlier. All experimental results were compared with zero-dimensional modeling results, and the interplay among ozone and nitrogen oxides in air plasma was qualitatively analyzed. The gas temperature, which can be influenced by ohmic heating of the plasma itself, convective cooling from external or internal gas flow, or external settings, should be carefully considered for future study and commercialization.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Experimental observation of an interplay among O<SUB>3</SUB> and nitrogen oxides in air plasma. </LI> <LI> Rapid transition of the plasma-chemistry mode (O<SUB>3</SUB>-to-NO<SUB>2</SUB> dominant mode transition). </LI> <LI> Discussion in terms of chemical reaction set using zero-dimensional modelling. </LI> <LI> Effect of gas temperature on chemical characteristics of air plasmas. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>