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소아 알레르기비염의 경제적 부담 평가를 위한 다기관 조사
공도연 ( Do Youn Kong ),김경원 ( Kyung Won Kim ),김우경 ( Woo Kyung Kim ),민택기 ( Taek Ki Min ),박용민 ( Yong Mean Park ),안재억 ( Jae Ouk Ahn ),양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ),염혜영 ( Hye Yung Yum ),윤혜선 ( Hae Sun Yoon ),전유훈 ( 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 2012 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.22 No.2
목적: 알레르기비염의 유병률은 전 세계적으로 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 그에 따른 경제적 부담도 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 소아 알레르기 질환이 미치는 경제적 부담에 관한 국내 연구는 제한적이어서 소아 알레르기비염이 환자와 그 가족에게 미치는 경제적 부담을 산출하고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방법: 2008년 7월 1일부터 9월 31일까지 서울시 6개 2-3차 의료기관을 방문한 18세 이하 소아 알레르기비염 환자 및 보호자를 대상으로 설문 조사를 진행하였다. 설문을 통해 직접 의료비 (병·의원 진료비, 및 약제비 한방 진료비 및 약제비, 보완/대체요법비), 직접비의료비 (교통비, 환경개선비), 그리고 간접비용 (월 평균 노동 손실)을 조사하였고 그 결과를 질환의 중증도 및 유병 기간에 따라 분석하여 그 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 모집된 262명의 대상 중 174명(66.4%)이 남자였고, 평균 연령은 6.54세였다. 대상군의 연간 평균 직접 의료비는 177만 원이었고 직접비 의료비는 57만 원이었다. 비록 통계학적 유의성은 없었지만, 알레르기비염의 중증도가 증가할수록 직접 의료비가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, (P=0.053) 유병 기간 또한 직접 의료비의 증가와 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였다. (R=0.195, P=0.002) 대상 환자 보호자의 약 17%가 아이의 알레르기비염으로 인해 직장에 결근 또는 조퇴를 경험한 것으로 조사되어 사회적 간접비용을 미루어 생각할 수 있었다. 결론: 알레르기비염이 미치는 경제적 부담은 질환의 중증도가 심할수록, 그리고 유병 기간이 길수록 증가하며, 이는 특히 한방 진료 및 치료비와 보완/대체요법비의 증가에 기인한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 알레르기비염으로 인한 경제적 부담을 줄이기 위해서는 환자와 보호자를 대상으로 근거 중심의 치료를 할 수 있도록 지속적이고 체계적인 교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is rapidly increasing and results in relatively high socio-economic burden on their family and community. However, studies on the economic burden of pediatric allergic rhinitis in Korea are limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of pediatric allergic rhinitis on economic burden. Methods: Two hundred sixty two children with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in 6 secondary or tertiary medical centers in Seoul from July to September, 2008. We collected data of the economic burden of allergic rhinitis (direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs) by face to face questionnaire survey. We compared the economic burden according to the severity and the duration of allergic rhinitis. Results: The mean age of subjects was 6.54 years, and male were 174 (66.4%). Direct medical costs (10,000 Korean Won/yr) were 177.75, and direct nonmedical costs were 57.92. Although, there was no statistical significance, direct medical costs showed increasing trends in severe allergic rhinitis. (P=0.053) In addition, direct medical costs were positively correlated with duration of allergic rhinitis.( R=0.195, P=0.002). About 17% of the parents who care the allergic rhinitis children experienced the work absence due to their child s illness. Conclusion: The economic burdens of allergic rhinitis were positively correlated with the severity and duration of illness. Particularly costs for alternative medicine including oriental medicine` were related with severity and duration allergic rhinitis. Therefore, special efforts for education with evidence based treatment strategy are necessary to decrease the economic burden of allergic rhinitis.
고로쇠나무 ( Acer mono Max . ) 수액 표준농축액의 색도지수와 착색물질
안원영 ( Won Yung Ahn ) 한국산림과학회 1975 한국산림과학회지 Vol.26 No.1
The sap uses of Korean sugar maple, Acer mono Max., $quot;Gorosoe-namoo.$quot; the most abundant growing stock in maples, for a medical beverage at every early spring have had the long history in Korea. The sap of Korean sugar maple (the maple) was prepared with a unique tapping method from the trees during the sap flow season of 1974, measured the sugar content in 2.6° to 3.3° Brix of sugar on average and the sugar concentration of the sap was enough for a sweetener resource comparing with those of American sugar maples in literature. The color of sirup was very dark and the color index was 2.69 for the sirup of 15.3° Brix having 10 hours evaporation and 3.380 for the standard sirup, as shown in Table 3 and Figure 2, due to the prolonged evaporation in deep aluminium or stainless steel kettles. The alcohol extractives of standard sirup has the light color and the residue reddish brown and the absorption spectra have the maxima in wave length of 350 nm, 1,000 nm, 1,170 nm, 1,400 nm and 1900 nm, as shown in Figure 3. The extractives of ethanol and monoethanolamine mixture (97:3, v/v) has dark red and the residue darker redish brown.
Lee, Hyeok-Won,Park, Jung-Ho,Lee, Hee-Suk,Kim, Chun-Suk,Lee, Jin-Gyeom,Kim, Won-kyo,Ryu, Kyoung-Hwa,Ahn, Jung-Oh,Lee, Eun-Gyo,Kim, Seon-Won,Jeon, Jong-Min,Yang, Yung-Hun,Choi, Eui-Sung,Lee, Hong-Weon Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan 2019 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol. No.
<P>Many volatile compounds, such as isoprene, a precursor used in the synthesis of natural rubber, have been produced through fermentation using genetically engineered microorganisms. Despite this biotechnological success, measuring the concentrations of volatile compounds during fermentation is difficult because of their high volatility. In current systems, off-line analytical methods usually lead to product loss, whereas on-line methods raise the production cost due to the requirement of complex devices. Here, we developed a novel on-line gas chromatography (GC)-based system for analyzing the concentration of isoprene with the aim to minimize the cost and requirement for devices as compared to current strategies. In this system, a programmable logic controller is used to combine conventional GC with a syringe pump module (SPM) directly connected to the exhaust pipe of the fermentor, and isoprene-containing samples are continuously pumped from the SPM into the GC using an air cylinder recycle stream. We showed that this novel system enables isoprene analysis during fermentation with convenient equipment and without the requirement of an expensive desorption tube. Furthermore, this system may be extended to the detection of other volatile organic compounds in fermentation or chemical processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This system analyzes the concentration of isoprene in aerobic fermentation. </LI> <LI> PLC is used to combine conventional GC with SPM directly connected to fermenter. </LI> <LI> Produced isoprene is continuously analyzed using the GC. </LI> <LI> This system may be extended to the detection of other volatile organic compounds. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
안정효,임창영,최석구,유원상,이윤우,김창호 인제대학교 1990 仁濟醫學 Vol.11 No.3
We report 2 cases of aneurysm of Valsalva sinus, of which, the one, aneurysm of right Valsalva sinus, was ruptured into right ventricle, the other, aneurysm of posterior Valsalva sinus, was not ruptured. The patient of aneurysm of right Valsalva sinus was 38 year old female, and complained dyspnea. Perimembranous type of ventricular septal defect was combined. Continuous murmur was heard on auscultation. The patient of aneurysm of left Valsalva sinus was 47 yr. old female, and complained dyspnea and fever. Systolic and diastolic murmur was heard. She was complicated by bacterial endocarditis of Streptococus viridans preoperatively, and died due to recurrent bacterial endocarditis with acute renal failure failure 14 day after operation.
국산 크라프트 펄프의 카르복시메틸화시 암모니아 팽윤처리(膨潤處理)가 카르복시메틸셀룰로오스와 카르복시메틸셀룰로오스 용액의 특성에 미치는 효과
안원영,안병국 한국목재공학회 1990 목재공학 Vol.18 No.2
To investigate the effects of swelling treatment by ammonia on characteristics of carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) and CMC solution, the domestic kraft pulp pretreated with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% NH₄OH solution, was carboxymethylated by the standard method, and then the GMC prepared was tested. The physical properties of CMC and CMC solution, such as degree of substitution, transparency. viscosity, weight increase and solubility, were measured, and the comparison with commercial domestic CMC used as a food additive was done. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In CMG manufactured by standard solvent method, hardwood bleached kraft pulp(LBKP) was more substituted than sofwood bleached kraft pulp(NBKP), and viscosity of NBKP was higher than that of LBKP. 2. When ammonia swelling treatment was done, degree of substitution gradually decreased with increasing concentration of NH₄OH, and degree of substitution of LBKP decreased with a larger range than that of NBKP. 3. When ammonia swelling treatment was done, transparency of CMG solution from LBKP was hardly effected, but in case of NBKP gradually increased with increasing concentration of NH₄OH. 4. When ammonia swelling treatment was done, viscosity of CMC solution was higher than that of GMC solution without ammonia swelling treatment. Especially, CMC of high viscosity could he manufactured in 5%, 10% concentration levels of NH₄OH. 5. In GMC manufactured from domestic NBKP, CMC at the range of 0.40 to 0.50 in DS was dispersed easily and quickly dissolved, and CMC at more than 0.50 in DS was dispersed slowly in water solution. 6. In comparison with commercial domestic CMC used as a focal additive, CMC manufactured from domestic NBKP was higher in DS, and was lower in viscosity and transparency.
Prognostic Factors of Patients With Thymoma
( Won Sup Lee ),( Dae Seog Heo ),( Yung Jue Bang ),( Keun Seok Lee ),( Jin Seok Ahn ),( Chul Won Jung ),( Sung Koo Han ),( Sook Whan Sung ),( Joo Hyun Kim ),( Young Soo Shim ),( Chan Il Park ),( Noe K 대한내과학회 1996 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.11 No.1