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Kyu-shik Jeong,정원일,Jae-yong Chung,Mi-young An,Chae-yong Jung,Gyoung-jae Lee,Jong-soo Kang,Byeong-cheol Kang,Young-heun Jee,Bruce H Williams,Young-oh Kwon,Da-hee Jeong 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2
Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)Da-hee Jeong, Won-il Jeong, Jae-yong Chung, Mi-young An, Chae-yong Jung, Gyoung-jae Lee1, Jong-soo Kang1, Byeong-cheol Kang2, Young-heun Jee3, Bruce H Williams4, Young-oh Kwon5 and Kyu-shik Jeong*College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea1Shinwon Scientific Co., LTD, Research Institute, Suwon, Korea2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
Williams, D.R. Prince,Al-Jelihaw, Said The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.1
In this paper, we introduced the notion of T-vague n-ary subgroups on n-ary subgroups (G, f) and have studied their related properties.
Developing ICT Competence in Pre-service Teacher Training : A Singapore case
WILLIAMS, MICHAEL D. 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2001 Jounal of APEC Studies Vol.3 No.1
Recent changes to the Singapore education system have moved particularly rapidly in the area of the use of computer technologies in schools, and have produced marked demands on teachers to upgrade their technology skills and practices to meet this new educational environment. This paper describes the process which the Singapore education profession, especially pre-service teacher preparation, has undergone in the past several years in an effort to prepare teachers to integrate information and communications technologies (ICT) into their teaching and learning. A variety of factors producing these changes is presented, followed by an updated set of ICT competencies for teachers, as well as the response by the Singapore National Institute of Education to meet these new professional requirements.
( Williams Agyei Appiah ),박주남,변승우,유명현,이용민 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
To quantify the capacity fade mechanism in lithium ion batteries composed of a spinel-based cathode and an artificial graphite, a comprehensive mathematical model describing the cycling performance of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/graphite lithium ion cell is developed in this work. The developed model is incorporated into the Newman’s Porous Composite Electrode framework (PCE) and implemented in the battery module of COMSOL Multiphysics. The proposed model is used to investigate the effects of variations in the ambient temperature and of voltage range of cycling on the capacity fade. The effect of changes in the volume fraction of cathode active material, resistance in the cell and state of charge are also studied.
Thermoneutrality but Not UCP1 Deficiency Suppresses Monocyte Mobilization Into Blood
Williams, Jesse W.,Elvington, Andrew,Ivanov, Stoyan,Kessler, Skyler,Luehmann, Hannah,Baba, Osamu,Saunders, Brian T.,Kim, Ki-Wook,Johnson, Michael W.,Craft, Clarissa S.,Choi, Jae-Hoon,Sorci-Thomas, Mar Grune & Stratton 2017 Circulation research Vol.121 No.6
<P>Conclusions: Warm ambient temperature is, like UCP1 deficiency, atheroprotective, but the mechanisms of action differ. Thermoneutrality associates with reduced monocyte egress from the bone marrow in a UCP1-dependent manner in mice and likewise may also suppress blood monocyte counts in man.</P>
Quantifying and Localizing the Mitochondrial Proteome Across Five Tissues in A Mouse Population
Williams, Evan G.,Wu, Yibo,Wolski, Witold,Kim, Jun Yong,Lan, Jiayi,Hasan, Moaraj,Halter, Christian,Jha, Pooja,Ryu, Dongryeol,Auwerx, Johan,Aebersold, Ruedi American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2018 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics Vol.17 No.9
<P>We have used SWATH mass spectrometry to quantify 3648 proteins across 76 proteomes collected from genetically diverse BXD mouse strains in two fractions (mitochondria and total cell) from five tissues: liver, quadriceps, heart, brain, and brown adipose (BAT). Across tissues, expression covariation between genes' proteins and transcripts-measured in the same individuals-broadly aligned. Covariation was however far stronger in certain subsets than others: only 8% of transcripts in the lowest expression and variance quintile covaried with their protein, in contrast to 65% of transcripts in the highest quintiles. Key functional differences among the 3648 genes were also observed across tissues, with electron transport chain (ETC) genes particularly investigated. ETC complex proteins covary and form strong gene networks according to tissue, but their equivalent transcripts do not. Certain physiological consequences, such as the depletion of ATP synthase in BAT, are thus obscured in transcript data. Lastly, we compared the quantitative proteomic measurements between the total cell and mitochondrial fractions for the five tissues. The resulting enrichment score highlighted several hundred proteins which were strongly enriched in mitochondria, which included several dozen proteins were not reported in literature to be mitochondrially localized. Four of these candidates were selected for biochemical validation, where we found MTAP, SOAT2, and IMPDH2 to be localized inside the mitochondria, whereas ABCC6 was in the mitochondria-associated membrane. These findings demonstrate the synergies of a multi-omics approach to study complex metabolic processes, and this provides a resource for further discovery and analysis of proteoforms, modified proteins, and protein localization.</P>
Williams, MichaelP. A.,Ethirajan, Manivannan,Ohkubo, Kei,Chen, Ping,Pera, Paula,Morgan, Janet,White, William H.,Shibata, Masayuki,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Kadish, Karl M.,Pandey, Ravindra K. American ChemicalSociety 2011 Bioconjugate chemistry Vol.22 No.11
<P>Purpurinimide methyl esters, bearing variable lengthsof N-substitutions,were conjugated individually to a cyanine dye with a carboxylic acidfunctionality. The results obtained from <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> studies showed a significant impactof the linkers joining the phototherapeutic and fluorescence imagingmoieties. The photosensitizer–fluorophore conjugate with aPEG linker showed the highest uptake in the liver, whereas the conjugatelinked with two carbon units showed excellent tumor-imaging and PDTefficacy at 24 h postinjection. Whole body imaging and biodistributionstudies at variable time points portrayed enhanced fluorescent uptakeof the conjugates in the tumor compared to that in the skin. Interestingly,the conjugate with the shortest linker and the one joining with twocarbon units showed faster clearance from normal organs, e.g., theliver, kidney, spleen, and lung, compared to that in tumors. Bothimaging and PDT efficacy of the conjugates were performed in BALB/cmice bearing Colon26 tumors. Compared to the others, the short linkerconjugate showed poor tumor fluorescent properties and as a corollarydoes not exhibit the dual functionality of the photosensitizer–fluorophoreconjugate. For this reason, it was not evaluated for <I>in vivo</I> PDT efficacy. However, in Colon26 tumor cells (<I>in vitro</I>), the short linker was highly effective. Among the conjugates withvariable linkers, the rate of energy transfer from the purpurinimidemoiety to the cyanine moiety increased with deceasing linker length,as examined by femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. Noelectron transfer from the purpurinimide moiety to the singlet excitedstate of the cyanine moiety or from the singlet excited state of thecyanine moiety to the purpurinimide moiety occurred as indicated bya comparison of transient absorption spectra with spectra of the one-electronoxidized and one-electron reduced species of the conjugate obtainedby spectroelectrochemical measurements.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bcches/2011/bcches.2011.22.issue-11/bc200345p/production/images/medium/bc-2011-00345p_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bc200345p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Hypersensitive site 6 of the Th2 locus control region is essential for Th2 cytokine expression
Williams, Adam,Lee, Gap Ryol,Spilianakis, Charalampos G.,Hwang, Soo Seok,Eisenbarth, Stephanie C.,Flavell, Richard A. National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.17
<P>The T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine genes <I>Il4</I>, <I>Il5</I>, and <I>Il13</I> are contained within a 140-kb region of mouse chromosome 11 and their expression is controlled by a locus control region (LCR) embedded within this locus. The LCR is composed of a number of DNase I–hypersensitive sites (HSs), which are believed to encompass the regulatory core of the LCR. To determine the function of these sites, mutant mice were generated in which combinations of these HSs had been deleted from the endogenous LCR, and the effect on Th2 cytokine expression was assessed through the use of in vivo and in vitro models. These experiments revealed that, although all of the hypersensitive sites analyzed are important for appropriate LCR function, some sites are more important than others in regulating cytokine expression. Interestingly, each LCR mutation showed contrasting effects on cytokine expression, in some cases with mutants displaying opposing phenotypes between in vitro cultures and in vivo immunizations. These studies indicated that Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 was the singularly most important HS for Th2 cytokine expression, displaying consistent reductions in cytokine levels in all models tested. Furthermore analysis of chromatin modifications revealed that deletion of Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 impacted epigenetic modifications at the promoters of the <I>Il4</I>, <I>Il5</I>, and <I>Il13</I> genes as well as other regulatory sites within the Th2 locus.</P>
Williams, A.F.,Leitch, B.W.,Wang, N. Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.7
This paper describes a finite element model of the microstructure of dispersion type nuclear fuels, which can be used to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the fuels during irradiation. The model simulates a representative region of the fuel as a prism shaped unit cell made of brick elements. The elements within the unit cell are assigned material properties of either the fuel or the matrix depending on position, in such a way as to represent randomly distributed fuel particles with a size distribution similar to that of the as manufactured fuel. By applying an appropriate heat flux across the unit cell it is possible to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the unit cell as a function of the volume fraction of the fuel particles. The presence of a fuel/matrix interaction layer is simulated by the addition of a third set of material properties that are assigned to the finite elements that surround each fuel particle. In this way the effective thermal conductivity of the material may also be determined as a function of the volume fraction of the interaction layer. Work is on going to add fission gas bubbles in the fuel as a fourth phase to the model.