21세기를 향한 미국의 군사전략

White, John P . 한국군사학회 1997 군사논단 Vol.12 No.1

Association of brain heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with lewy pathology

Ross, G. Webster,Abbott, Robert D.,Petrovitch, Helen,Duda, John E.,Tanner, Caroline M.,Zarow, Chris,Uyehara‐,Lock, Jane H.,Masaki, Kamal H.,Launer, Lenore J.,Studabaker, William B.,White, Lon R. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2019 Movement disorders Vol.34 No.2

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A preliminary analysis from the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study suggested that heptachlor epoxide, a metabolite from an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in Hawaii, may be especially important. This was a cross sectional analysis to evaluate the association of heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with Lewy pathology in an expanded survey of brain organochlorine residues from the longitudinal Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Organochlorines were measured in frozen occipital or temporal lobes in 705 brains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Lewy pathology was identified using hematoxylin and eosin‐ and α‐synuclein immunochemistry‐stained sections from multiple brain regions.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The prevalence of Lewy pathology was nearly doubled in the presence versus the absence of heptachlor epoxide (30.1% versus 16.3%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). Although associations with other compounds were weaker, hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.003) and α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.007) were also related to Lewy pathology. Most of the latter associations, however, were a result of confounding from heptachlor epoxide. Neither compound was significantly related to Lewy pathology after adjustment for heptachlor epoxide. In contrast, the association of heptachlor epoxide with Lewy pathology remained significant after adjustments for hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.013) or α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.005). Findings were unchanged after removal of cases of PD and adjustment for age and other characteristics.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with the presence of Lewy pathology in the brain, even after exclusion of PD cases. Although most of the association is through heptachlor epoxide, the role of other organochlorine compounds is in need of clarification. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society</P>

Thermal and Photochemistry of Methyl Iodide on Ice Film Grown on Cu(111)

Youngku Sohn,John M. White 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.7

Thermal and photochemistry of methyl iodide (CH3I) adsorbed on D2O ice film on Cu(111) at 100 K were studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies. On the basis of TPD, multilayer and monolayer CH3I molecules desorb from D2O ice layer at 120 and 130 K, respectively. Photo-irradiation at 100 K exhibits dramatic changes in the TPD and I 3d5/2 XPS of CH3I on ice film, due to a dramatic dissociation of CH3I. The dissociation is likely activated by solvated electrons transferred from the metal substrate during photo-irradiation. No other photo-initiated reaction products were found within our instrumental detection limit. During photo-irradiation, the CH3I, CH3 and I could be trapped (or solvated) in ice film by rearrangement (and self-diffusion) of water molecules. A newly appeared parent molecular desorption peak at 145 K is attributed to trapped CH3I. In addition, the CH3 and I may diffuse through ice and chemisorb on Cu(111), indicated by TPD and I 3d5/2 XPS taken with photo-irradiation time, respectively. No molecular ejection was found during photo-irradiation at 100 K. The work functions for CH3I/Cu(111), D2O/Cu (111) and CH3I/D2O/Cu(111) were all measured to be about 3.9 eV, 1.0 eV downward shift from that of clean Cu(111).

Thrombolysis for Myocardial Infarction : Where Are We Now?

Norris, Robin,White, Harvey,Rivers, John Medical Publications Korea 1989 Medical Progress Vol.11 No.4

Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene to Styrene on Pre-C_xH_y- and C-Covered Cu(111) Single Crystal Catalysts

손영구,Wei Wei,John M. White 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.5

Thermal hydrogenation of phenylacetylene (PA, C_8H_6) to styrene (C_8H_8) on pre-C_xH_y- and C-covered Cu(111)single crystal substrates has been studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) mass spectrometry. Chemisorbed PA with an acetylene group has been proved to be associated with hydrogen of pre-adsorbed C_xH_y to form styrene (104 amu) on Cu surface. For the parent (PA) mass (102 amu) TPD profile, the TPD peaks at 360 K and 410 K are assigned to chemisorbed vertically aligned PA and flat-lying cross-bridged PA,respectively (J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 5101). The relative I_(360K)/I_(410K) TPD ratio dramatically increases with increasing pre-adsorbed C_xH_y before dosing PA, while the ratio does not increase for pre-C-covered surface. For PA on pre-C_xH_y-covered Cu(111) surface, styrene desorption is enhanced relative to the parent PA desorption, while styrene formation is dramatically quenched on pre-C-covered (lack of adsorbed hydrogen nearby) surface. It appears that only cross-bridged PA associates with adsorbed hydrogen to form styrene that promptly desorbs at 410 K, while vertically aligned PA is less likely to participate in forming styrene.

Thermal and Photochemistry of Methyl Iodide on Ice Film Grown on Cu(111)

Sohn, Young-Ku,White, John M. Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.7

Thermal and photochemistry of methyl iodide ($CH_3I)\;adsorbed\;on\;D_2O$ ice film on Cu(111) at 100 K were studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies. On the basis of TPD, multilayer and monolayer $CH_3I$ molecules desorb from $D_2O$ ice layer at 120 and 130 K, respectively. Photo-irradiation at 100 K exhibits dramatic changes in the TPD and I $3d_{5/2}\;XPS\;of\;CH_3I$ on ice film, due to a dramatic dissociation of $CH_3I$. The dissociation is likely activated by solvated electrons transferred from the metal substrate during photo-irradiation. No other photo-initiated reaction products were found within our instrumental detection limit. During photo-irradiation, the $CH_3I$, $CH_3$ and I could be trapped (or solvated) in ice film by rearrangement (and self-diffusion) of water molecules. A newly appeared parent molecular desorption peak at 145 K is attributed to trapped $CH_3I$. In addition, the $CH_3$ and I may diffuse through ice and chemisorb on Cu(111), indicated by TPD and I $d_{5/2}$ XPS taken with photo-irradiation time, respectively. No molecular ejection was found during photo-irradiation at 100 K. The work functions for $CH_3I/Cu(111),\;D_2O/Cu(111)\;and\;CH_3I/D_2$O/Cu(111) were all measured to be about 3.9 eV, 1.0 eV downward shift from that of clean Cu(111).

Learning regenerative cultures: Indigenous nations in higher education renewal in Australia

Wooltorton, Sandra,Guenther, John,Poelina, Anne,Blaise, Mindy,Collard, Len,White, Peta 서울대학교 교육연구소 2022 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.23 No.4

What is regenerative learning in Australian higher education? This paper addresses the intersecting crises of climate, species loss and injustice; often called a conceptual emergency. We tackle the problem of disciplinary compartmentalisation, preventing integration of important related concepts. The particular case is separation of the Australian Curriculum Cross-curriculum Priorities at school and university for teaching, learning and research purposes. We are concerned with two of the three: sustainability, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures. The project generates significant conceptual linkages, which strengthen sustainability with Indigenous histories and cultures. The linked concepts have the potential to re-centre Indigenous knowledge systems and knowledge holders in Australian higher education for sustainability. The interconnectedness facilitates learning of, for and through regenerative cultures, which are healing and wellbeing-oriented. Centring Indigenous histories, concepts and wisdom in sustainability education will reveal deeper meanings such as communicative ways of understanding worlds. These have multiple applications in teaching and learning, and improved outcomes in practice. Each case study presented in this paper utilises a decolonising, regenerative research method for answering research questions. The methods challenge Western, colonising power relationships that continue to act upon Indigenous lived experience; enable communicative relations with more than human worlds and are transformative. Together, they value experience, the collective, being creative, narrative, justice, ways of knowing and responding to sentient, animate places. In this paper, decolonising ways of working towards regenerative futures foreground Indigenous ways of knowing, being, valuing and doing, revealing Indigenous knowledge making for contemporary contexts.

Study of Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behaviours of Fly AshReinforced Polypropylene Composites

Dilip C. D. Nath,Sri Bandyopadhyay,John Rider,Aibing Yu,Darryl Blackburn,Chris White 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.4

isotactic-Polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with 20, 45, and 60 wt% fly ash (FA) were prepared by injection molding at 483 K. The thermo-mechanical and morphological behaviors of PP and composites were examined. The addition of FA led to significant enhancement of both storage (E') and loss modulus (E'') of the composites compared to those of PP at a given temperature, supporting the view of the formation of an interfacial interaction between the surfaces of PP and FA. By increasing the temperature from 303 to 423 K, these properties decreased exponentially, and indicated the temperature-activated mobility of segmental chains of PP. The tangent δcurves of PP and composites showed broader patterns. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was assigned at 343 K for PP and 245-246 K for the composites. In the theoretical calculation of the storage modulus and tangent δ, the modifications were required in the existing equations to fit the experimental data well. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a uniform distribution of spherical FA particles in the composites. The calculated interfacial interaction between the FA and PP surfaces was 1.85, which is similar with other composite systems.

Distribution of gallium-67 in normal and hypotransferrinemic tumorbearin mice

(Myung Hee Sohn),(Barbara J . Jones),(John H . Whiting),(Frederick L . Datz),(Robert E . Lynch),(Kathryn A. Morton) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 1994 全北醫大論文集 Vol.18 No.1

Temperature and Coverage Dependent Quasi-reversible Two-photon Photoemission of 1-phenyl-1-propyne on Cu(111)

Sohn, Young-Ku,Wei, Wei,Huang, Weixin,White, John M. Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.6

A temperature- and coverage-dependant quasi-reversible change in two-photon photoemission (2PPE) of chemisorbed 1-phenyl-1-propyne (PP) on Cu(111) is reported. For PP on Cu(111) at 300 K probed at a photon energy of 4.13 eV, two broad peaks of comparable intensity show final state energies of 7.25 and 7.75 eV above the Fermi level. The former peak could be assigned to the first image potential state (IS, n = 1) and/or unoccupied molecular orbital (UMO), located at 3.1 eV above the Fermi level. The latter is plausibly attributed to a mix of unoccupied higher-order IS (and/or UMO) and occupied surface state (SS) of Cu(111). With decreasing the temperature, the former 2PPE peak shows a shift in position by about 0.2 eV, and the latter exhibits a dramatic increase in intensity. In the system, intermolecular interactions (and/or order-disorder transition) of PP and substrate lattice temperature may play a significant role in change in photoexcitation lifetime (or excitation cross-section), and the unoccupied molecular orbital (UMO)-metal (IS) charge transfer coupling. Our unique 2PPE results provide a deeper insight for understanding photoexcitation charge transfer with temperature in an organic molecule/metal system.