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A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.
A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.
The review of international forum on magnetic force control IFMFC activity from 2010
Watanabe, Tsuneo The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2022 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3
The Magnetic Force Control MFC technology is very useful because of its physical treatment process. Especially the Magnetic Separation MS technology is expected to contribute to SDGs 2030, Circular Economy and Carbon neutral 2050 realization. This paper describes the review of the IFMFC activity from 2010.The IFMFC is organized by three local committees of researchers in Japan, China and Korea. The IFMFC aims to exchange the information of the development results using the MFC technology and to educate the young researchers. The forum has been held in every year around three countries. In 2020 and 2021, the forum was organized by Zoom online due to the COVID-19. The 134 presentations were made up to 2020.The breakdown of these presentations are categorized to the environment remediation52%, material resource37% and fundamental research/technology11%. The Super Conducting Magnet SCM development promotes the MFC technologies. There are some impressive backgrounds as to the brilliant SM technology applications for many different magnetism ; SCM development, High Gradient Magnetic Separation HGMS, magnetic seeding method and magneto-Archimedes effect. This paper reviews the IFMFC activity according to those presented presentations.
Quantum Performance of Thermal Machines over Many Cycles
Watanabe, Gentaro,Venkatesh, B. Prasanna,Talkner, Peter,del Campo, Adolfo American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review Letters Vol.118 No.5
<P>The performance of quantum heat engines is generally based on the analysis of a single cycle. We challenge this approach by showing that the total work performed by a quantum engine need not be proportional to the number of cycles. Furthermore, optimizing the engine over multiple cycles leads to the identification of scenarios with a quantum enhancement. We demonstrate our findings with a quantum Otto engine based on a two-level system as the working substance that supplies power to an external oscillator.</P>
Watanabe, R .,Mizuno, Y .,Kawasaki, A . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.5 No.2
An in-situ monitoring system for sintering shrinkage was devised to study the nonuniform deformation of injection moulded powder compacts. The monitoring system is based on the digital image correlation method and has a modified image processing software compared to the conventional method. The system consists of a bell-type sintering furnace and an optical image processing set-up, enabling one to measure two- and three-dimensional changes in the compacts during sintering on a non-contact and real time basis. Nonuniform and anisotropic sintering shrinkage was precisely determined for two types of complex-shaped powder compacts of stainless steel (SUS304) prepared by metal injection moulding at room temperatures up to 1543 K.
Watanabe, K.,Tanaka, R.,Takada, K.,Kim, M. J.,Lee, J. S.,Tajima, K.,Isono, T.,Satoh, T. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Polymer chemistry Vol.7 No.29
<P>A comprehensive examination of the synthesis of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) from statistical copolymers of n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 3-butenyl methacrylate (3BMA), i.e., P(BMA-co-3BMA)s, via the intramolecular olefin metathesis reaction under high dilution conditions is described. The olefin metathesis reaction of P(BMA-co-3BMA) using Grubbs' 2nd generation catalyst in CH2Cl2 efficiently gave the corresponding SCNPs under mild conditions. We achieved the size-controlled synthesis of the SCNPs by adjusting the following factors: (1) the olefin content in the precursor, (2) the molecular weight of the precursor, and (3) the solvent quality of the reaction medium. The hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity of the resultant SCNPs were investigated by DLS and viscometric measurements, respectively, which provided further evidence of SCNP formation with controlled diameters. Furthermore, the above-established intramolecular olefin metathesis approach was successfully applied to poly(acrylate), poly(styrene), and poly(ester) precursors, which proved that the present approach could be applied to a wide range of olefin-containing precursors to give SCNPs with various functional groups.</P>
On 6-Dimensional Nearly Kähler Manifolds
Watanabe, Yoshiyuki,Suh, Young Jin Canadian Mathematical Society 2010 Canadian mathematical bulletin Vol.53 No.3
<B>Abstract</B><P>In this paper we give a sufficient condition for a complete, simply connected, and strict nearly Kähler manifold of dimension 6 to be a homogeneous nearly Kähler manifold. This result was announced in a previous paper by the first author.</P>
The present knowledge of planktonic species of blue-green algae in Japen
Watanabe, Masayuki 인제대학교 낙동강환경연구소 1999 심포지움(인제대학교 부설 환경연구소 발표논문집) Vol.- No.8
Dr. Okamura first recorded one species of planktonic blue-green algae Clathrocystis aeruginosa at a pond on the Hongo campus of the University of Tokyo in 1902. Clathrocystis is same as the genus Microcystis in present sense. He added five species in the same book revised fourteen years later, After Dr. Okamura, hydrobiologists and phycologists added new records on planktonic species of blue-green algae to the Japanese flora little by little.
Culture collection of Microalgae at the National Institute for Environmental Studies
Watanabe, Makoto M.,Mori,Fumi,Kawachi,Massnobu,Kasai,Fumie 영남대학교 해양과학연구소 2000 국제심포지움 일정 및 발표논문집 Vol.2000 No.1
Microbial Culture Collection at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES-Collection) was founded in 1983 as the first collection center of environmental microorganisms. Microlgae associated with environmental issues have been collected and preserved the most actively as the first step. The total numbers of strains of algae available for distribution are now 752. Construction of an image database of the algal strains is important to check the quality of algal cultures because the taxonomy of algae is solely based on the morphological characteristics. The image data was stored in the compact disc after the digitization by film scanner. Based on the image database organized using two software, we could produce data files defined Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). In order to develop the long term preservation methods of microalgae, cryopreservation of cyanobacterial and green algal strains was examined using DMSO as cryoprotectant and two step cooling method. Among 48 species and 144 strains of cyanobacteria tested using 3% DMSO, 46 species and 139 strains survived after freezing and thawing. Viability assays for all of these cyanobacterial strains after freezing and thawing were made using FDA vital staining method, resulting that 32 species and 94 strains of cyanobacteria had viability levels of more than 60%. In green algal strains, among 158 species and 375 strains tested, 81 species and 147 strains survived after freezing and thawing. In particular, 92% of Chlorococcalean sttrains and all the strains of Chaetophorales survived after freezing and thawing.