A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan

Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.

A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan

Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.

Uncertainty in the ENSO amplitude change from the past to the future

Watanabe, Masahiro,Kug, Jong‐,Seong,Jin, Fei‐,Fei,Collins, Mat,Ohba, Masamichi,Wittenberg, Andrew T. American Geophysical Union 2012 Geophysical research letters Vol.39 No.20

<P>Due to errors in complex coupled feedbacks that compensate differently in different global climate models, as well as nonlinear nature of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), there remain difficulties in detecting and evaluating the reason for the past and future changes in the ENSO amplitude,σnino. Here we use physics parameter ensembles, in which error compensation was eliminated by perturbing model parameters, to explore relationships between mean climate and variability. With four such ensembles we find a strong relationship between σniño and the mean precipitation over the eastern equatorial Pacific ( urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl29646:grl29646-math-0001). This involves a two?way interaction, in which the wetter mean state with greater urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl29646:grl29646-math-0001acts to increase the ENSO amplitude by strengthening positive coupled feedbacks. Such a relationship is also identified in 11 single?model historical climate simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 despite mean precipitation biases apparently masking the relationship in the multi?model ensemble (MME). Taking changes inσniño and urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl29646:grl29646-math-0001between pre-industrial and recent periods eliminates the bias, and therefore results in a robustσnino-urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl29646:grl29646-math-0001connection in MME, which suggests a 10-15% increase in the ENSO amplitude since pre-industrial era mainly due to changing mean state. However, theσniño– urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl29646:grl29646-math-0001 connection is less clear for their future changes, which are still greatly uncertain.</P>

Thermomechanical Properties of Thermal-Stress Relief Type of Functionally Gradient Materials

Watanabe Ryuzo 한국분말야금학회 1993 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1993 No.1

The present status of the thennomechanica1 evaluation of functionally gradient materials(FGMs) for space plane application was reviewed, in which research activities and the cooperation of the national project team organized to study FGM science were demonstrated. The project team was divided into three working groups; de singing, processing and evaluation, each of which had their own tasks in the project cooperation. The testings details of the various thennomechanical tests for the FGM samples fabricated by the processing groups were described, along with their corresponding heating conditions of the real environments in the space plane application. For small-sized samples, laser beam heating test and burner heating test were well applied to study the heat shielding and heat resisting properties. Arc-heated wind tunnel test and high temperature!high velocity gas flow test were used for large-sized panel assemblies having cooling structures. The criteria for the evaluation of the heat shielding and heat resisting properties of the FGMs, as well as a crack activation mechanism in their differential temperature heating, were proposed on the basis of the observation in the burner heating test.

A Hierarchical MCM Routing Using Four-Via Routing

Watanabe, Takahiro,Fujii, Tsutomu 대한전자공학회 1996 APCCAS:Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits And Sys Vol.1 No.1

Dynamic Wave Response Analysis of Floating Bodies in the Time-domain

Watanabe, Eiichi,Utsunomiya, Tomoaki,Yoshizawa, Nao Computational Structural Engineering Institute of 2002 Computational structural engineering Vol.2 No.1

This paper presents a method to predict dynamic responses of floating bodies in the time domain. Because of the frequency-dependence of the radiation wave forces, the memory effect must be taken into account when the responses are evaluated in the time domain. Although the formulations firstly developed by Cummins (1962) have been well-known for this purpose, the effective numerical procedure has not been established yet. This study employs FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm to evaluate the memory effect function, and the equations of motion of an integro-differential type are solved by Newmark-β method. Numerical examples for a truncated circular cylinder have indicated the effectiveness of the proposed numerical procedure.

The review of IFMFC (International Forum on Magnetic Force Control) -The accumulated knowledge and experience of the magnetic force control with IFMFC

Watanabe, Tsuneo The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2018 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

The practical use of superconducting magnets is limited to medical equipment, energy equipment and the like. Therefore, it does not fully utilize the superior features of superconducting magnet or magnetic force. In order to overcome this blockage condition, The international Forum on Magnetic Force Control (IFMFC) was launched in Tokyo in 2010 by the magnetic separation researchers in Japan, Korea and China. The policy is to hold around the country every year, to apply the application to the engineering field of magnetic force utilization and information exchange about the development of applied science to mutual visit of researchers and to develop the application field of superconducting magnets in particular. The main object is to review the field of application of magnetic force with respect to published papers at 8 IFMFCs, and to introduce the trend of research forum utilizing strong magnetic force which is rare in the world. The United Nations is asking each country to achieve Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) targets for 2030. This IFMFC review will be utilized in this field.

A study of the standards of beauty and hair culture in East Asia : A historical analysis of wigs in the Joseon dynasty

Watanabe Maria 한중인문학회 2014 한중인문학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Colorless flagellates, Aulacomonas and Collodictyon grazing toxic cyanobacteria

Watanabe, Makoto M. 인제대학교 낙동강환경연구소 1999 심포지움(인제대학교 부설 환경연구소 발표논문집) Vol.- No.8

Four strains of Aulacomonas spp. and 8 strains of Collodictyon spp. were isolated from the ponds of Wuhan in P.R. China, Bangkok in Thailand and Osaka in Japan where Microcystis blooms abundantly occurred. Morphology, phylogeny and phagotrophy of both flagellates were surveyed. The cells of Aulacomonas are naked and have two smooth flagella of equal length and a groove. The posterior end of cell is usually separated into two lobes. A nucleus is located in the anterior part of the cell. Serial sections showed that starch, pyrenoid and eyespot are absent in the cytoplasm and there is no trace of any photosynthetic apparatus. The mitochondria with tubular cristae occur in all strains of Aulacomonas. The cells of Collodictyon are naked and have four smooth flagella of equal length. The other characteristics are the same as those of Aulacomonas. The ultrastructural features of both flagellates suggest that they may not be considered as colorless chlorophytes as previously thought. The analysis of 18S rRNA sequences of Aulacomonas clearly showed that it is more primitive eukaryotic organism than the eukaryotic algae including green algae.

Optimal Operation for Green Supply Chain Considering Demand Information, Collection Incentive and Quality of Recycling Parts

Watanabe, Takeshi,Kusukawa, Etsuko Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2014 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.13 No.2

This study proposes an optimal operational policy for a green supply chain (GSC) where a retailer pays an incentive for collection of used products from customers and determines the optimal order quantity of a single product under uncertainty in product demand. A manufacturer produces the optimal order quantity of product using recyclable parts with acceptable quality levels and covers a part of the retailer's incentive from the recycled parts. Here, two scenarios for the product demand are assumed as: the distribution of product demand is known, and only both mean and variance are known. This paper develops mathematical models to find how order quantity, collection incentive of used products and lower limit of quality level for recycling affect the expected profits of each member and the whole supply chain under both a decentralized GSC (DGSC) and an integrated GSC (IGSC). The analysis numerically compares the results under DGSC with those under IGSC for each scenario of product demand. Also, the effect of the quality of the recyclable parts on the optimal decisions is shown. Moreover, supply chain coordination to shift the optimal decisions of IGSC is discussed based on: I) profit ratio, II) Nash bargaining solution, and III) Combination of (I) and (II).