Modelling of Swimming Ability Limits for Marine Fish

Kim, Yong Hae,Wardle, Clement S . 한국수산학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

The total energy of fish movement and the maximum burst swimming speed were estimated and formulated in accordance with body length and water temperature for several species in fisheries by empirical methods and also by using published results. Under the assumption of swimming energy reserve of a fish at the initial rest state, the swimming endurance of fish with different body lengths, swimming speeds and angular velocity was calculated using the relevant equations under similar conditions in tank experiments as well as natural conditions in field. Relative swimming energy efficiency or the transition swimming speed between red and white muscle for energy consumption was represented as a trigonometric function of swimming speed ratio. Therefore, this model does closely approach the actual swimming abilities and their limits especially in relation to the fishing gear operation and allow for the greater vitality of the wild fish in the fields.

Herding and escaping responses of juvenile roundfish to square mesh window in a trawl cod end

KIM, Yong-Hae,WARDLE, Clem S,AN, Young-Su Springer Japan KK 2008 Fisheries Science Vol.74 No.1

<P>ABSTRACT: </P><P>The movements of juvenile roundfish, mainly haddock <I>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</I> and whiting <I>Merlangius merlangus</I>, reacting to a square mesh window in the cod end of a bottom trawl were observed during fishing experiments in the North Sea. Two typical behavioral responses of roundfish are described as the herding response and the escaping response, which were analyzed from video recordings by time sequences of the movement parameters. It was found that most of the actively escaping fish approached the square mesh window at right angles by swimming straight ahead with very little change in direction, while most of the herded fish approached the net at obtuse angles and retreated by sharp turning. The herding and escaping responses showed significant difference when characterized by frequency distributions of swimming speed and angular velocity, and both responses showed large and irregular variations in swimming movement parameters like the panic erratic responses. It is concluded that an escaping or herding response to the square mesh window could be decided by an interaction between the predictable parameters that describe the stimuli of net and angular changes of fish response, such as approaching angle, turning angle and angular velocity.</P>

Optimal Design of Piezoelectric Materials and Devices for Energy Harvesting

김미소,John Dugundji,L. Wardle 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.11

Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (PVEHs) have received considerable attention as an enabling technology for self-powered wireless sensor networks. However, the biggest challenge with PVEHs has been their insufficient power generation for practical applications, which necessitates creative and disruptive materials and structure design on various scales. In this work, a model-based design study is performed that includes structural, materials, and device-level power optimizations of PVEHs. The optimization results help in understanding the behavior of the device performance,such as voltage and power, when the devices are optimized under various operating conditions,including input operating frequencies and mechanical damping. Furthermore, the optimization provides both an optimal device design scheme for power improvement and a better understanding of the correlation between the material property and the energy-harvesting output performance.

Does fecal calprotectin equally and accurately measure disease activity in small bowel and large bowel Crohn’s disease?: a systematic review

( Ebby George Simon ),( Richard Wardle ),( Aye Aye Thi ),( Jeanette Eldridge ),( Sunil Samuel ),( Gordon William Moran ) 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.2

Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a highly sensitive disease activity biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease. However, there are conflicting reports on whether the diagnostic accuracy in Crohn’s disease is influenced by disease location. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the published literature. Relevant databases were searched from inception to November 8, 2016 for cohort and case control studies which had data on FC in patients with isolated small bowel (SB) and large bowel (LB) Crohn’s disease. Reference standards for disease activity were endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or a combination of these. The QUADAS-2 research tool was used to assess the risk of bias. There were 5,619 records identified at initial search. The 2,098 duplicates were removed and 3,521 records screened. Sixty-one full text articles were assessed for eligibility and 16 studies were included in the final review with sensitivities and specificities per disease location available from 8 studies. Sensitivities of FC at SB and LB locations ranged from 42.9% to 100% and 66.7% to 100% respectively while corresponding specificities were 50% to 100% and 28.6% to 100% respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of FC to accurately measure disease activity in Crohn’s disease at different disease locations are diverse and no firm conclusion can be made. Better studies need to be undertaken to categorically answer the effect of disease location on the diagnostic accuracy of FC. (Intest Res 2019;17:160-170.)

Modeling the Selectivity of the Cod-end of a Trawl Using Chaotic Fish Behavior and Neural Networks

Kim, Yong-Hae,Wardle, Clement S. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2008 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.11 No.1

Using empirical data of fish performance and physiological limits as well as physical stimuli and environmental data, a cod-end selectivity model based on a chaotic behavior model using the psycho-hydraulic wheel and neural-network approach was established to predict fish escape or herding responses in trawl and cod-end designs. Fish responses in the cod-end were categorized as escape or herding reactions based on their relative positions and reactions to the net wall. Fish movements were regulated by three factors: escape time, a visual looming effect, and an index of body girth-mesh size. The model was applied to haddock in a North Sea bottom trawl including frequencies of movement components, swimming speed, angular velocity, distance to net wall, and the caught-fish ratio; simulation results were similar to field observations. The ratio of retained fish in the cod-end was limited to 37-95% by optomotor coefficient values of 0.3-1.0 and to 13-67% by looming coefficient values of 0.1-1.0. The selectivity curves generated by this model were sensitive to changes in mesh size, towing speed, mesh type, and mesh shape.

Quantitative Analysis of the Swimming Movements of Flatfish Reacting to the Ground Gear of Bottom Trawls

Kim, Yong-Hae,Wardle Clem S. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2006 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.9 No.4

Two typical responses have been documented for flatfish when they encounter the ground gear of bottom trawls: herding response and falling back response. These two responses were analyzed from video recordings of fish and were characterized by time sequences for four parameters: swimming speed, angular velocity, acceleration, and distance between the fish and the ground gear. When flatfish displayed the falling-back response, absolute values of the three swimming parameters and their deviations were significantly higher than those during the herding response. However, the swimming parameters were not dependent on the distance between the flatfish and the ground gear, regardless of which response occurred. The dominant periods for most of the movement parameters ranged from 2.0 to 3.7 s, except that no periodicity was observed for swimming speed or angular velocity during the falling-back response. However, variations in the four parameters during the falling -back response revealed greater irregularity in periodicity and higher amplitudes. This complex behavior is best described as a chaos phenomenon' and is discussed as the building block for a model predicting the responses of flatfish to ground gear as part of the general understanding of the fish capture process.

A qualitative study of classical Chinese medicine in community health focusing on self-care: practitioner and staff perspectives

Alaia Harvie,Amie Steel,Jon Wardle 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.1

Background: Classical Chinese medicine (CCM) encompasses many simple lifestyle recommendations which can be adopted into daily routines in support of short and long-term health outcomes. The rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally in recent decades has led to a need for cost-effective and scalable health care interventions to address lifestyle risk for NCDs in the community. This analysis explores the experience of staff and practitioners delivering a CCM community health care program designed to improve health behaviors in the community in rural Scotland. Methods: A qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with a sample of program practitioners and staff (n = 7). Informants were asked to share their experience in delivering the CCM program. Emergent themes were identified via analysis using the Framework Approach. Results: Themes emerged from the data in three key areas: Cultural challenges within the local region; Integration with the existing local health care network; and Team dynamics, co-creation and communication integrity. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of accessibility, integration, networking, secure funding and team unity in the context of community health program delivery, as well as noting a diversity of practice among Chinese medicine practitioners. CCM concepts may hold potential for integration into community health, however, further research is warranted.

Clinician perspectives and understanding of the adaptogenic concept: A focus group study with Naturopaths and Western Herbalists

Sophia Gerontakos,David Casteleijn,Jonathan Wardle 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.1

Background: Herbal adaptogens are plant medicines which have traditional associations with herbal ‘tonics’ and promote homeostasis and non-specifically increase resistance to stress. Current definitions of adaptogens have been derived from extensive laboratory research, however there has not been sufficient clinical data for the concept to be standardised by regulatory bodies in Europe or Australia, nor is there clarity around how adaptogens are used and understood by herbalist clinicians themselves. This study aimed to identify how Australian Naturopaths measure adaptogenic activity relative to the clinical outcomes they aim to achieve. Methods: A qualitative methodology was implemented using focus groups and thematic analysis. Results: Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 17 Naturopaths with a Bachelor degree or higher qualification and over five years clinical experience. Three core themes were identified: ambiguous cultural origins with divergent perceptions on sources of knowledge about adaptogens; raising vitality and having a restorative effect, and intersystem activity. Within these three central themes, a number of sub-themes were identified. Conclusions: Naturopathic clinicians utilise both subjective and objective measures of vitalistic signs across multiple body systems; however, the current available research may not accurately reflect expert clinician understanding and use of adaptogens. The study opens pathways to developing novel approaches to measuring adaptogenic activity which may facilitate the process of international standardisation of the adaptogenic concept for the development of well-designed clinical studies.

Modelling of Swimming Ability Limits for Marine Fish

(Yong Hae Kim),(Clement S . Wardle) 경상대학교 해양산업연구소 1998 해양산업연구소보 Vol.10 No.-

Accuracy and Precision in Acupuncture Point Location: A Critical Systematic Review

Debra R. Godson,Jonathan L. Wardle 사단법인약침학회 2019 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.12 No.02

A number of studies have examined the accuracy and precision of acupuncture point location across various point location methods. Accuracy of point location is essential for safe, efficacious and reliable treatments and valid reproducible research outcomes. This review aims to identify, summarize, compare and critically appraise available empirical studies relating to the accuracy and precision of acupuncture point location. A comprehensive search of five electronic databases, World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Google scholar was performed for studies investigating accuracy and precision in acupuncture point location. 771 studies were screened of which 14 studies were identified, including 9 studies that investigated the localization of acupoints and 5 studies that examined the cun measurement system. Considerable variation in localization of acupoints was reported among qualified medical acupuncturists. Variation in point location among qualified non-medical acupuncturists is unknown due to lack of any identified study. The directional method was found to be significantly inaccurate and imprecise in all studies that evaluated the method. Suitability of other methods for clinical and research purposes and influencing factors such as education, training and experience were identified as topics for future studies.