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Wai-Han Ma,Wai-Yin Ho,Andrew S. H. Lai,Kwong-Kuen Wong,Martin Law 대한핵의학회 2013 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.47 No.4
Purpose This study retrospectively reviews the characteristic bone scintigraphic findings in 18 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). A potential complication of HIFU is damage to the tissues along the path of the ultrasound beam and structures superficial to the lesion of interest. Methods Patientswith hepatocellular carcinomawho underwent a bone scan between 1st December 2005 and 31st December 2011 were considered for this study. Among these patients, only those who had bone scans after the HIFU treatment were included. The time between HIFU treatment and bone scans, HIFU energy, HCC sites, tumour sizes and related radiological findings were evaluated. Results In total, 20 bone scans of 18 patients were reviewed. Of these scans, two patients were normal; three patients showed decreased uptake, four patients showed increased uptake and nine patients showed mixed uptakes of the bony tracer in their rib cages. The defects were located in the anterior, lateral, anterolateral or posterolateral aspects of the rib cage. The majority of those cold defects were in the right anterior rib cages. SPECT/CT was used to localise the decreased uptake in ribs. The magnetic resonance imaging in individual patients invariably showed ill-defined rimenhancement along the right chest wall, signifying chest wall injury. Conclusions The results showed that tissue ablation using HIFU caused tissue injury along the pathway of highintensity ultrasound beams. The harm to tissues is presented as photopenic area on the rib cages due to necrosis or hot spots due to rib fractures in the bone scan. Since these cold defects are subtle, they are easily overlooked or mistaken as aggressive bony metastasis.
Wulandhari Sudarsono,Sue Ying Tan,Wai Yin Wong,Fatin Saiha Omar,K. Ramya,Shahid Mehmood,Arshid Numan,Rashmi Walvekar,Mohammad Khalid 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.122 No.-
The development of low-cost fuel cell technology has involved substantial research on platinum-free ornon-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in proton exchangemembrane fuel cells. However, due to macroscale degradation and flooding issues in fuel cell systems,catalyst development has faced significant challenges in rapid active site degradation over a short time. This review presents the impacts of the non-PGM catalyst structure on the ORR activity and single-cellperformance. A balance in the micropores, mesopores and macropores is sought to ensure high accessibilityto the active sites, a high active site density, and good water management at the electrode layer toprevent active site blockage. The unsatisfactory single-cell performance of non-PGM electrodes alsopotentially arises from the conventional catalyst ink-casting technique. This review also provides insightinto the necessary strategies for producing non-PGM MEAs via proper porous architecture and innovativecatalyst casting techniques to develop promising low-cost PEMFC technology.
Gettig an 'Aha!' with Different Types of Hints
Sum Kwing Cheung,Yik Ching Kong,Yuk Lam Li,Wai Yin Wong,Catherine McBride-Chang 대한사고개발학회 2005 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.15 No.1
Several theories have proposed that changing representations of insight problems could help overcome mental blocks. Constraint relaxation is one of the effects brought about by hints. This study aimed at investigating the effects of different hints in changing problem representations. ‘SHOULD’ hints were hypothesized to lead participants to the correct path while ‘SHOULD NOT’ hints were hypothesized to eliminate one of the possible paths. Results showed that ‘SHOULD’ hints facilitated insight problem solving by increasing the speed and the number of correct answers given. This study points to the importance of thinking from a different perspective when faced with mental blocks.