Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Physico‑Mechanical Behavior of SiC Reinforced Zinc‑Magnesium Based Composite

Amrendra Rai,Pooja Rai,Vijay Kumar,Naresh Kumar Singh,Vinay Kumar Singh 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.9

The present research work deals with study the effect of sintering temperature on the physical and mechanical behavior ofZn2Mg6SiCcomposite, which can be used as a biodegradable implant. Sintering of the composite has been done at a temperatureof 430 °C, 450 °C, 470 °C and 490 °C. The mechanical and physical properties of the samples have been observedto vary with sintering temperature. The grain size of the samples has observed to be optimized at 450 °C with grain size0.2587 μm and provides maximum strength to the samples. The densification of the composites achieved was found to bemaximum at 450 °C having a value 90.30%. Wear rate, hardness, Young’s Modulus of elasticity and flexural strength wereobserved to be maximum at this temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy of the samplesat various temperatures were done to find microstructural changes and surface morphology of the composite.

Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Leaks and Bleeding with the Over-the-Scope Clip: A Prospective Study

Mahesh Kumar Goenka,Vijay Kumar Rai,Usha Goenka,Indrajit Kumar Tiwary 대한소화기내시경학회 2017 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.50 No.1

Background/Aims: The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) is a device used for endoscopic closure of perforations, leaks and fistulas, and for endoscopic hemostasis. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of OTSC. Methods: Between October 2013 and November 2015, 12 patients underwent OTSC placement by an experienced endoscopist. OTSC was used for the closure of gastrointestinal (GI) leaks and fistula in six patients, three of which were iatrogenic (esophageal, gastric, and duodenal) and three of which were inflammatory. In six patients, OTSC was used for hemostasis of non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Endoscopic tattooing using India ink was used to assist the accurate placement of the clip. Results: All subjects except one with a colonic defect experienced immediate technical success as well as long-term clinical success, during a mean follow-up of 6 weeks. Only one clip was required to close each of the GI defects and to achieve hemostasis in all patients. There were no misfirings or complications of clips. The procedure was well tolerated, and patients were hospitalized for an average of 8 days (range, 3 to 10). Antiplatelet therapy was continued in patients with GI bleeding. Conclusions: In our experience, OTSC was safe and effective for the closure of GI defect and to achieve hemostasis of non-variceal GI bleeding.

Pancreatic Necrosectomy through Sinus Tract Endoscopy

Mahesh Kumar Goenka,Usha Goenka,Md.Yasin Mujoo,Indrajit Kumar Tiwary,Sanjay Mahawar,Vijay Kumar Rai 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.3

Background/Aims: Direct endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy is increasingly being utilized to treat infected or symptomatic walledoffnecrosis (WON) located close to the stomach or duodenum. Laterally-placed WON has traditionally been treated surgically. Weevaluated a less utilized technique of sinus tract endoscopy (STE) for symptomatic laterally-placed WON. Methods: Two hundred seventy-six patients with acute pancreatitis admitted in our hospital, 32 had symptomatic or infected WONrequiring intervention. Of the 12 patients with laterally placed WON, 10 were treated by STE. STE was performed with a standard adultgastroscope passed through a percutaneous tract created by the placement of a 32-Fr drain. Results: Ten patients (7 males; mean age, 43.8 years) underwent STE. Mean number of sessions was 2.3 (range, 1–4), with mean timeof 70 minutes for each session (range, 15–70 minutes). While 9 patients had complete success, 1 patient had fever and chose to undergosurgery. Two patients developed pneumoperitoneum, which was treated conservatively. There was no mortality, cutaneous fistula, orrecurrence during follow-up. Conclusions: Laterally placed WON can be successfully managed by STE performed through a percutaneously placed drain. Details ofthe technique and end-points of STE require further evaluation.

Study of minerals and selected environmentally sensitive elements in Kapurdi lignites of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, western India: implications to environment

Pramod K. Rajak,Vijay K. Singh,Asha L. Singh,Narendra Kumar,Om P. Kumar,Vishvajeet Singh,Aniruddha Kumar,Rai Ankita,Shweta Rai,Amiya S. Naik,Prakash K. Singh 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.4

The present study is an attempt to know the temporal and spatial distribution of geochemical components in the lignite deposit of Kapurdi, Barmer Basin (Rajasthan). Lignite samples have been subjected to proximate, ultimate and elemental analyses, and determination of mineral carbon (MINC%). Besides, various minerals and functional groups have been analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Selected environmentally sensitive and potential hazardous elements like Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Al, Fe and Co are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). To know the association of minerals with organic matter, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) has also been carried out. The concentration of Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, Na, and K is high when compared with world average and is main concern for the environmental and health hazards. The elements like Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Pb have shown increasing trend from top to bottom of the lignite seam with some fluctuations in the values in few bands whereas others do not follow a definite trend of variation along the seam profile.

Burdick’s Technique for Biliary Access Revisited

Mahesh Kumar Goenka,Vijay Kumar Rai 대한소화기내시경학회 2015 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.48 No.1

The precut sphincterotomy is used to facilitate selective biliary access in cases of difficult biliary cannulation. Needle-knife precut papillotomy is the standard of care but is associated with a high rate of complications such as pancreatitis, duodenal perforation, bleeding, etc. Sometimes during bowing of the sphincterotome/cannula and the use of guide wire to facilitate biliary cannulation, inadvertent formation of a false passage occurs in the 10 to 11 o’clock direction. Use of this step to access the bile duct by the intramucosal incision technique was first described by Burdick et al., and since then two more studies have also substantiated the safety and efficacy of this non-needle type of precut sphincterotomy. In this review, we discuss this non-needle technique of precut sphincterotomy and also share our experience using this ‘‘Burdick’s technique.’’

Mucosal Changes in the Small Intestines in Portal Hypertension: First Study Using the Pillcam SB3 Capsule Endoscopy System

Mahesh Kumar Goenka,Bhavik Bharat Shah,Vijay Kumar Rai,Surabhi Jajodia,Usha Goenka 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.6

Background/Aims: To evaluate patients with portal hypertension (PH) of varied etiologies for portal hypertensive enteropathy (PHE)using the PillCam SB3 capsule endoscopy (CE) system. Methods: Consecutive patients with PH presenting with unexplained anemia and/or occult gastrointestinal bleeding were evaluatedusing the PillCam SB3 CE system. Abnormal findings were categorized as vascular or non-vascular. The patients with ongoing bleedingcaused by PHE were treated. The correlation of the CE scores of PHE with the clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic features wasdetermined. Results: Of the 43 patients included in the study, 41 (95.3%) showed PHE findings. These included varices (67.4%), red spots (60.5%),erythema (44.2%), villous edema (46.5%), telangiectasia (16.3%), and polyps (16.3%). The CE scores varied from 0 to 8 (mean±standarddeviation, 4.09±1.8). Five patients (11.6%) showed evidence of ongoing or recent bleeding due to PHE. Three of these five patientsunderwent endotherapy, and one patient underwent radiological coil placement. Conclusions: The PillCam SB3 CE system revealed a high prevalence of PHE in the patients with PH. Using this system, evidence ofbleeding due to PHE was found in a small but definite proportion of the patients.

Effect of Mandibular Advancement Splint on Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Insulin Resistant Diabetes

Ashutosh Gupta,Arvind Tripathi,Praveen Rai,Piyush Sharma,Vijay Yadav,Dewanshu Kumar 대한수면연구학회 2020 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of upper airflow despite the effort to breathe, leading to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The resultant apnea causes sleep fragmentation, which in turn increases sympathetic activity, decreases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis that ultimately leads to type 2 diabetes. Most studies exploring the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on insulin sensitivity have showed a positive effect. However, there is no evidence on the effect of mandibular advancement device on insulin resistance (IR). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of mandibular advancement splint (MAS) on IR in patients with OSA. Methods: The present study was conducted at Department of Prosthodontics, Dental College Azamgarh, from June 2015 to July 2017. Sixty eight dentulous patients with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate OSA and with stable diabetic regimen were included in the study. A MAS was fabricated and fixed at 70% of the maximum mandibular protrusion recorded. Patients that were comfortable with MAS after one month were assessed for apnea-hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation, and IR at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year after wearing MAS. Results: An improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed at 6 months for mild OSA patients (p=0.001). For moderate OSA patients, no significant improvement was observed following MAS use (p>0.05). Conclusions: The finding suggested that MAS is effective in improving IR in mild OSA patients.

South Asian Working Action Group on SARCOpenia (SWAG-SARCO) – A consensus document

Minakshi Dhar,Nitin Kapoor,Ketut Suastika,Mohammad E. Khamseh,Shahjada Selim,Vijay Kumar,Syed Abbas Raza,Umal Azmat,Monika Pathania,Yovan Parikshat Rai Mahadeb,Sunny Singhal,Mohammad Wali Naseri,IGP S 대한골다공증학회 2022 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.8 No.2

The South Asian population is rapidly ageing and sarcopenia is likely to become a huge burden in this region if proper action is not taken in time. Several sarcopenia guidelines are available, from the western world and from East Asia. However, these guidelines are not fully relevant for the South Asian healthcare ecosystem. South Asia is ethnically, culturally, and phenotypically unique. Additionally, the region is seeing an increase in non-communicable lifestyle disease and obesity. Both these conditions can lead to sarcopenia. However, secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are either not dealt with in detail or are missing in other guidelines. Hence, we present a consensus on the screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia, which addresses the gaps in the current guidelines. This South Asian consensus gives equal importance to muscle function, muscle strength, and muscle mass; provides cost-effective clinical and easy to implement solutions; highlights secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity; lists commonly used biomarkers; reminds us that osteo-arthro-muscular triad should be seen as a single entity to address sarcopenia; stresses on prevention over treatment; and prioritizes nonpharmacological over pharmacological management. As literature is scarce from this region, the authors call for more South Asian research guided interventions.