Fine Mapping of the Dominant Potyvirus Resistance Gene Pvr7 Reveals a Relationship with Pvr4 in Capsicum annuum

Venkatesh, Jelli,An, Jeongtak,Kang, Won-Hee,Jahn, Molly,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl American Phytopathological Society] 2018 Phytopathology Vol.108 No.1

<P> Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) is the most common potyvirus infection of pepper plants and causes significant yield losses. The Pvr7 gene from Capsicum chinense PI159236 and the Pvr4 gene from C. annuum CM334 both have been reported to confer dominant resistance to PepMoV. The Pvr7 locus conferring resistance to PepMoV in C. annuum '9093' was previously mapped to chromosome 10. To develop a high-resolution map of the Pvr7 locus in 9093, we constructed an intraspecific F<SUB>2</SUB> mapping population consisting of 916 individuals by crossing PepMoV-resistant C. annuum '9093' and the PepMoV-susceptible C. annuum 'Jeju'. To delimit the Pvr7 target region, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from the Pvr4 region were used for genotyping the F<SUB>2</SUB> population. Molecular mapping delimited the Pvr7 locus to a physical interval of 258 kb, which was the same region as Pvr4 on chromosome 10. Three SNP markers derived from Pvr4 mapping perfectly cosegregated with PepMoV resistance. Sequencing analyses of the Pvr7 flanking markers and the Pvr4-specific gene indicated that Pvr7 and Pvr4 are the same gene. Resistance spectrum analysis of 9093 against pepper potyviruses showed that 9093 has a resistance spectrum similar to that of cultivar CM334. These combined results demonstrate that, unlike previously thought, the dominant PepMoV resistance in 9093 could be derived from C. annuum 'CM334', and that Pvr4 and Pvr7 should be considered as the same locus. </P>

Rainwater for Water Scarcity Management: An Experience of Woldia University (Ethiopia)

Venkatesh ANDAVAR,Bayad Jamal ALI,Sazan Ahmed ALI 한국유통과학회 2020 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.10 No.4

Purpose: Town of Woldia, a semi-arid region in the Northern Wollo region of Ethiopia, faces water supply shortage in general, though the town possesses a running stream of clean water throughout the year. This study is aimed at analyzing the possibility of using rainwater for water scarcity and non-potable water needs of the Woldia University. A careful study and analysis have been made to assess the feasibility of using rainwater in place of the tap water supply. Research design and methodology: This study was done inside the main campus of Woldia University located in Woldia town. The runoff water from the roof of buildings was studied, by the time of rainfall in the town. Also, the budget needed for implementing a rainwater harvesting system was calculated. Results: The findings of the study clearly indicates that the requirements of the water to use for flushing, cleaning, and washing toilets in the administrative buildings and classrooms can be satisfied by using rainwater as an alternative to tap water. Conclusion: Based on the results the study finds it is benefitable for the Woldia University to install the rainwater harvesting system at the earliest to solve the water problems prevailing in the current situation.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Analysis of BTA Removal by TMAH during Post Cu CMP Cleaning Process

Venkatesh, R. Prasanna,Cho, Byoung Jun,Ramanathan, S.,Park, Jin-Goo The Electrochemical Society 2012 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.159 No.11

Creating round focused micro-jets from rectangular nozzles

Venkatesh Inguva,Rita Graceffa,Joachim Schulz,Osman Bilsel,Blair J. Perot 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.9

A focused jet is an axisymmetric jet of liquid surrounded by an outer coaxial gas jet. The gas jet is typically used to compress the liquid jet in the radial direction thereby focusing it. At microscales, it is difficult to manufacture micro-scale delivery nozzles (needles) and to consistently align and axially position the liquid and the gas needles. However, it is very easy, using standard etching technologies to make precise and repeatable rectangular nozzle designs. This work will therefore explore the geometric and fluid dynamics constraints that allow one to design rectangular nozzles that produce round coaxial micro-jets of liquid and gas. Because of the small scales, the fluid dynamics of the focusing jet is unusual, and this work demonstrates that the liquid jet is best focused by shear stretching and not via gas compression. This paper shows that sheet jetting occurs when the Reynolds number of the gas is too high. Dripping occurs when the Weber number of the liquid is too low. The desired round jet occurs by balancing Weber number of the liquid jet and Reynolds number of the gas such that surface tension at the interface holds the water jet round while the acceleration of the water jet due to shear at the interface from fast-moving air causes the liquid jet cross-sectional area to decrease. The goal of this initial paper is to demonstrate that a parameter region exists where this flow behavior is possible.

Reappraising the neurosurgical significance of the pterion location, morphology, and its relationship to optic canal and sphenoid ridge and neurosurgical implications

Venkatesh G. Kamath,Milan Hande 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.4

Frontolateral craniotomy procedures have advanced from conventional craniotomy to mini-craniotomy, and to contemporary keyhole surgery. In this context, it is important for the neurosurgeon to precisely locate the pterion. The distance of the pterion center from midpoint of zygomatic arch and posterolateral margin of frontozygomatic suture was studied bilaterally in 50 whole adult skulls in Indian ethnic group. The depth of optic canal and sphenoid ridge from the pterion was recorded bilaterally in fifty cut adult skulls and fifteen three-dimensional computed tomography scans. The suture length, thickness, and morphology were studied. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, two-tailed Student’s t test, binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve for sexual dimorphism. The pterion center was located at a mean distance of 37.02 mm above the midpoint of zygomatic arch, 28.20 mm behind the posterolateral margin of frontozygomatic suture, 42.73 mm lateral to the optic canal and 10.59 mm from the sphenoid ridge. The location did not exhibit sexual dimorphism. In 20% cases the pterion center was 40 mm or more above the midpoint of the zygomatic arch and in 5% cases 35 mm or more posterior to the posterolateral margin of frontozygomatic suture. The mean suture length was 10±3 mm. The mean thickness at the center of the pterion was 3.52±1.45 mm. The commonest variety was sphenoparietal followed by frontotemporal, epipteric, and stellate types. A thorough knowledge of these dimensions has innumerable neurosurgical implications in resection of sellar, parasellar, and paraclinoid tumors and circulatory aneurysms.

An Exhaustive Solution of Power System Unit Commitment Problem Using Enhanced Binary Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Venkatesh Kumar C.,Ramesh Babu M. 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.1

The Unit Commitment (UC) problem is a combinatorial optimization problem in power system operation with the key focus on achieving optimum commitment schedule of the generators for forecasted demand and spinning reserve. The computational complexity to determine a solution for the UC problem grows exponentially with the number of generators and system constraints. In this paper, the UC problem is formulated as a mixed-integer optimization problem and solved using novel Adaptive Binary Salp Swarm Algorithm by considering minimum up/down time limits, prohibited operating zones, spinning reserve, valve-point eff ect, and ramp rate limits. The proposed algorithm is tested for effi ciency on the standard 10-unit system, 26-unit RTS system, 54-unit IEEE 118-bus system, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100-unit systems. Additionally, an Adaptive Multi-Objective Binary Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm is proposed for resolving the bi-objective emission constrained UC problem and tested using a 10-unit system. The obtained results are analyzed for positive diff erences against other algorithms from the literature. The statistical analysis exhibits the effi ciency of the proposed method for large scale real-time systems.

Role of ultrasound in the evaluation of first-trimester pregnancies in the acute setting

Venkatesh A. Murugan,Bryan O’Sullivan Murphy,Carolyn Dupuis,Alan Goldstein,Young H. Kim 대한초음파의학회 2020 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.39 No.2

In patients presenting for an evaluation of pregnancy in the first trimester, transvaginal ultrasound is the modality of choice for establishing the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy; evaluating pregnancy viability, gestational age, and multiplicity; detecting pregnancy-related complications; and diagnosing ectopic pregnancy. In this pictorial review article, the sonographic appearance of a normal intrauterine gestation and the most common complications of pregnancy in the first trimester in the acute setting are discussed.

An Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm-Based Clustering for Extending Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

Venkatesh Sivaprakasam,Vartika Kulshrestha,Godlin Atlas Lawrence Livingston,Senthilnathan Arumugam 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.7

The development of lightweight, low energy and small-sized sensors incorporated with the wireless networks has brought about a phenomenal growth of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in its different fields of applications. Moreover, the routing of data is crucial in a wide number of critical applications that includes ecosystem monitoring, military and disaster management. However, the time-delay, energy imbalance and minimized network lifetime are considered as the key problems faced during the process of data transmission. Furthermore, only when the functionality of cluster head selection is available in WSNs, it is possible to improve energy and network lifetime. Besides that, the task of cluster head selection is regarded as an NP-hard optimization problem that can be effectively modelled using hybrid metaheuristic approaches. Due to this reason, an Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm-based Clustering Technique (ICOACT) is proposed for extending the lifetime for making efficient choices for cluster heads while maintaining a consistent balance between exploitation and exploration. The issue of premature convergence and its tendency of being trapped into the local optima in the Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) through the selection of center solution is used for replacing the best solution in the search space during the clustering functionality. The simulation results of the proposed ICOACT confirmed its efficiency by increasing the number of alive nodes, the total number of clusters formed with the least amount of end-to-end delay and mean packet loss rate.

Current views on temperature-modulated <i>R</i> gene-mediated plant defense responses and tradeoffs between plant growth and immunity

Venkatesh, Jelli,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl Elsevier 2019 Current opinion in plant biology Vol.50 No.-

<P>Elevated ambient temperatures will likely be a key consequence of climate change over the next few decades. Adverse climatic changes could make crop plants more vulnerable to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses, which would have a major impact on worldwide food production in the future. Recent studies have indicated that elevated temperatures directly and/or indirectly affect plant–pathogen interactions. Elevated temperatures alter multiple signal transduction pathways related to stress responses in the host plant. High temperatures can also influence plant pathogenesis, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms associated with such effects. An improved understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in plant immune responses under elevated temperatures will be essential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change to ensure future food security. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the effects of temperature on resistance (<I>R</I>) gene and/or regulators of <I>R</I> genes in plant defense responses and summarize current evidence for tradeoffs between plant growth and immunity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>R</I> genes are critical components of temperature-modulated defense mechanisms. </LI> <LI> PhyB and PIF4 integrate temperature and defense responses. </LI> <LI> Plant immune responses are constrained by tradeoffs with temperature-dependent growth. </LI> <LI> The temperature sensitivity of regulators of <I>R</I> genes plays an important role in modulation of plant defense. </LI> </UL> </P>

Ligand Based Pharmacophore Identification and Molecular Docking Studies for Grb2 Inhibitors

Venkatesh Arulalapperumal,Sugunadevi Sakkiah,Sundarapandian Thangapandian,이유노,Chandrasekaran Meganathan,황수완,이근우 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.5

Grb2 is an adapter protein involved in the signal transduction and cell communication. The Grb2 is responsible for initiation of kinase signaling by Ras activation which leads to the modification in transcription. Ligand based pharmacophore approach was applied to built the suitable pharmacophore model for Grb2. The best pharmacophore model was selected based on the statistical values and then validated by Fischer’s randomization method and test set. Hypo1 was selected as a best pharmacophore model based on its statistical values like high cost difference (182.22), lowest RMSD (1.273), and total cost (80.68). It contains four chemical features, one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), two hydrophobic (HY), and one ring aromatic (RA). Fischer’s randomization results also shows that Hypo1 have a 95% significant level. The correlation coefficient of test set was 0.97 which was close to the training set value (0.94). Thus Hypo1 was used for virtual screening to find the potent inhibitors from various chemical databases. The screened compounds were filtered by Lipinski’s rule of five, ADMET and subjected to molecular docking studies. Totally, 11 compounds were selected as a best potent leads from docking studies based on the consensus scoring function and critical interactions with the amino acids in Grb2 active site.