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G. Murali,R. Gayathri,V. R. Ramkumar,K. Karthikeyan 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.1
The variations in impact strength of steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) were statistically, commanded in this research. For this purpose, the experimental impact test results of earlier researchers were investigated using two statistical approaches. Firstly, normality test was carried out on first crack strength (N1) and failure strength (N2) using distribution plot and its accuracy was verified with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk and Chen-Shapiro test. Secondly, strength reliability analysis was carried out using two parameter Weibull distribution and their Weibull parameters were determined using three methods viz., Empherical Method of Justus (EMJ), Method of Moments (MOM) and Empherical Method of Lysen (EML). Results suggested that, if three samples are used to determine the N1 value for researchers’ data, at 95% levels of confidence, then the error in the measured value is about 50%. The 0.1 reliability level of the impact strength values of EMJ, EML and MOM were 153, 120 and 153 respectively in case of N1 and were 198, 156, and 198 respectively in case of N2 based on earlier researcher’s data.
Venkatramanan, S,Chung, S Y,Rajesh, R,Lee, S Y,Ramkumar, T,Prasanna, M V Ecomed 2015 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.22 No.15
<P>This research aimed at developing comprehensive assessments of physicochemical quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes at Dalcheon in Ulsan City, Korea. The mean concentration of major ions represented as follows: Ca (94.3 mg/L)?>?Mg (41.7 mg/L)?>?Na (19.2 mg/L)?>?K (3.2 mg/L) for cations and SO4 (351 mg/L)?>?HCO3 (169 mg/L)?>?Cl (19 mg/L) for anions. Thematic maps for physicochemical parameters of groundwater were prepared, classified, weighted, and integrated in GIS method with fuzzy logic. The maps exhibited that suitable zone of drinking and irrigation purpose occupied in SE, NE, and NW sectors. The undesirable zone of drinking purpose was observed in SW and central parts and that of irrigation was in the western part of the study area. This was influenced by improperly treated effluents from an abandoned iron ore mine, irrigation, and domestic fields. By grouping analysis, groundwater types were classified into Ca(HCO3)2, (Ca,Mg)Cl2, and CaCl2, and CaHCO3 was the most predominant type. Grouping analysis also showed three types of irrigation water such as C1S1, C1S2, and C1S3. C1S3 type of high salinity to low sodium hazard was the most dominant in the study area. Equilibrium processes elucidated the groundwater samples were in the saturated to undersaturated condition with respect to aragonite, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum due to precipitation and deposition processes. Cluster analysis suggested that high contents of SO4 and HCO3 with low Cl was related with water-rock interactions and along with mining impact. This study showed that the effluents discharged from mining waste was the main sources of groundwater quality deterioration.</P>
G. Murali,T. Indhumathi,K. Karthikeyan,V.R. Ramkumar 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2018 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.21 No.3
In this study, the flexural fatigue performance of concrete beams made with 100% Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) and 100% Coarse Natural Aggregates (NA) were statistically commanded. For this purpose, the experimental fatigue test results of earlier researcher were investigated using two parameter Weibull distribution. The shape and scale parameters of Weibull distribution function was evaluated using seven numerical methods namely, Graphical method (GM), Least-Squares (LS) regression of Y on X, Least-Squares (LS) regression of X on Y, Empherical Method of Lysen (EML), Mean Standard DeviationMethod (MSDM), Energy Pattern FactorMethod (EPFM) andMethod of Moments (MOM). The average of Weibull parameters was used to incorporate survival probability into stress (S)-fatigue life (N) relationships. Based on the Weibull theory, as single and double logarithm fatigue equations for RCA and NA under different survival probability were provided. The results revealed that, by considering 0.9 level survival probability, the theoretical stress level corresponding to a fatigue failure number equal to one million cycle, decreases by 8.77% (calculated using single-logarithm fatigue equation) and 6.62%(calculated using double logarithm fatigue equation) in RCAwhen compared to NAconcrete.
T. J. Sudhavani,N. Sivagangi Reddy,K. Madhusudana Rao,K. S. V. Krishna Rao,Jayshree Ramkumar,A. V. R. Reddy 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.5
Novel chitosan (CS) based membrane networks were developed by solution casting and followed by crosslinking with different crosslinkers such as glutaraldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, and thiourea-formaldehyde. The developed membrane networks were designated as CS-GA, CS-UF and CS-TF. Crosslinking reaction of CS membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Membrane rigidity and compactness were studied by the differential scanning calorimetry. The surface morphology of CS membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The sorption behaviour with respect to contact time, initial pH and initial metal ion concentration were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of CS-GA, CS-UF and CS-TF sorbents was found to be 1.03, 1.2 and 1.18 mM/g for Cu2+ and 1.48, 1.55 and 2.18 mM/g for Ni2+ respectively. Swelling experiments have been performed on the membrane networks at 30 oC. Desorption studies were performed in acid media and EDTA and it was found that the membranes are reusable for the metal ion removal for three cycles. The developed membranes could be successfully used for the separation of Cu2+ and Ni2+ metal ions from aqueous solutions.
Sudhavani, T.J.,Reddy, N. Sivagangi,Rao, K. Madhusudana,Rao, K.S.V. Krishna,Ramkumar, Jayshree,Reddy, A.V.R. Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.5
Novel chitosan (CS) based membrane networks were developed by solution casting and followed by crosslinking with different crosslinkers such as glutaraldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, and thiourea-formaldehyde. The developed membrane networks were designated as CS-GA, CS-UF and CS-TF. Crosslinking reaction of CS membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Membrane rigidity and compactness were studied by the differential scanning calorimetry. The surface morphology of CS membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The sorption behaviour with respect to contact time, initial pH and initial metal ion concentration were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of CS-GA, CS-UF and CS-TF sorbents was found to be 1.03, 1.2 and 1.18 mM/g for $Cu^{2+}$ and 1.48, 1.55 and 2.18 mM/g for $Ni^{2+}$ respectively. Swelling experiments have been performed on the membrane networks at $30^{\circ}C$. Desorption studies were performed in acid media and EDTA and it was found that the membranes are reusable for the metal ion removal for three cycles. The developed membranes could be successfully used for the separation of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ metal ions from aqueous solutions.