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Design and Operation Strategy of CO<sub>2</sub> Terminal
Zahid, Umer,An, Jinjoo,Lee, Chul-Jin,Lee, Ung,Han, Chonghun American Chemical Society 2015 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.54 No.8
<P>With recent advancements in the carbon capture and storage (CCS), much interest has been developed in the CO<SUB>2</SUB> transport options. An infrastructure including pipelines, ships, tanker truck, and railways will be collectively required for a large scale CO<SUB>2</SUB> transport network. In particular, ship transportation can play a special role in the early phase of CCS infrastructure development as it offers flexible routes between source and offshore storage sites. This work is focused on the design and operational strategy of the CO<SUB>2</SUB> terminal which acts as a connecting link between CO<SUB>2</SUB> liquefaction and the shipping section. The study is performed using dynamic simulation in order to have a more realistic understanding of the process. Four scenarios have been developed to define the operational strategy of the terminal: loading case, holding case, unloading case, and emergency shutdown. A reasonable equipment sizing has been done after consultation with vendors data and available literature. The heat influxes to storage tanks include the heat leak from the bottom surface, dry wall, and wet wall for the precise quantification of heat flow across the system. Reasonable control loops are appended to keep the process variables at their set points to allow the safe operation of the CO<SUB>2</SUB> terminal within the operational limits. Finally, a sensitivity analysis has been performed on some of the important design variables in order to understand their effect on the process performance and terminal operation. The results show that boil-off gas (BOG) generation within the CO<SUB>2</SUB> terminal depends on storage tank size, operating pressure, ambient conditions, insulation thickness, and the filling level of the vessel.</P>
CO_2 geological storage: A review on present and future prospects
Umer Zahid,한종훈,임영섭,Jaeheum Jung 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.3
CO_2 can be stored in geological media for hundreds to thousands of years depending on the location and trapping mechanism(s) involved. A saline aquifer presents the largest capacity available for CO_2 storage among all geological storage options. Two main methodologies proposed by the Department of Energy, US (DOE) and carbon sequestration leadership forum (CSLF) are used for capacity estimation of geological locations for CO_2 storage. A study conducted by Global CCS Institute in 2010 identified 80 large scale integrated projects which will prove to be a huge step in building confidence and commercialization of storage projects in the near future. Use of reliable monitoring tools and accurate simulation software is a must for safe and cost-effective CO_2 storage.
Muhammad Umer Zahid,Anjum Khalique,Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani,Muhammad Ashraf,Ali Ahmad Sheikh,Muhammad Umar Yaqoob Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.7
Objective: Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Methods: Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC, without any supplementation; AB, NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB, NC+Safmannan; ANBE1, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1%; ANBE3, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3%; ANBE5, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5%), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days. Results: Results showed that weight gain (1,296.63 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54), and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (p<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5% and 1.51%, respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dL) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dL). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC. Conclusion: Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.
Zahid Ijaz Tarar,Umer Farooq,Mustafa Gandhi,Saad Saleem,Ebubekir Daglilar 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.5
Background/Aims: The safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in hepatic cirrhosis and the impact ofChild-Pugh class on post-ERCP complications need to be better studied. We investigated the post-ERCP complication rates in patientswith cirrhosis compared with those without cirrhosis. Methods: We conducted a literature search of relevant databases to identify studies that reported post-ERCP complications in patientswith hepatic cirrhosis. Results: Twenty-four studies comprising 28,201 patients were included. The pooled incidence of post-ERCP complications in cirrhosiswas 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8%–19.2%; I2=96.2%), with an individual pooled incidence of pancreatitis 5.1% (95% CI,3.1%–7.2%; I2=91.5%), bleeding 3.6% (95% CI, 2.8%–4.5%; I2=67.5%), cholangitis 2.9% (95% CI, 1.9%–3.8%; I2=83.4%), and perforation0.3% (95% CI, 0.1%–0.5%; I2=3.7%). Patients with cirrhosis had a greater risk of post-ERCP complications (risk ratio [RR], 1.41;95% CI, 1.16–1.71; I2=56.3%). The risk of individual odds of adverse events between cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis was as follows: pancreatitis(RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06–1.48; I2=24.8%), bleeding (RR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.59–2.37; I2=0%), cholangitis (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.77–1.70;I2=12%), and perforation (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.59–2.43; I2=0%). Conclusions: Cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis, bleeding, and cholangitis.
Aesculus indica‑derived heteroatom‑doped carbon as an electrode material for super‑capacitor
Fakhar Zaman,Muhammad Waqas Ishaq,Aisha Munawar,Umer Younas,Zahid Ali 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.7
Energy storage for sustainable development and progress of power production industries is vitally important. The energy storage devices are under extensive research from last three decades to ensure the hand-on-hand coordination with power supply phenomenon and to reduce the energy loses in lines. The cost-effective materials are still highly demanding as an electrode material for energy storage devices. Biomass-derived carbon materials are best candidates due to their low cost, relatively high abundance, pollution-free nature. Here, we are reporting a facile two-step green approach to convert Himalayan horse chestnuts (HHCNs) into activated carbon materials. In first step, grinding and pyrolysis of the HHCNs were carried out, and then activation was performed using KOH to enhance the pore density and surface area. HHCNs-derived carbon was utilized as an electrode in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with 1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The macroporous structure along with hierarchical porous network acts as an efficient source of transportation of charges across the electrode and separator. Cyclic voltammetry test was taken from 10 to 100 mV/s current and within a range of 0–1 V applied potential; approximately rectangular CV shown mirror response towards current and shown typical EDLCs properties. The proximate analysis confirms the presence of heteroatoms like sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen which act as carbon dopants. The wettability of HHCNs-derived carbon enhanced due to the various types of oxygen functionalities inherited from the lignin skeletal part. The nitrogen content is primarily responsible for the pseudo-capacitive behavior of HHCNs-codoped carbon. HHCNs-derived activated carbon materials has emerged as a promising electrode material for energy storage applications.