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Municipal Merger under Tax Competition with Debt
Tsuyoshi GOTO 한국재정학회 2017 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-
This paper analyzes whether municipal merger increases social welfare in a dynamic tax competition model. Though some papers about tax competition show that municipal merger increases social welfare because it terminates tax competition, the analysis finds that a welfare-decrease effect of municipal merger might eclipse a welfare-increase effect of municipal merger since it causes ‘common pool problem’. Another result of this paper shows that social welfare can be recovered employing the policies which reduce the effect from the common pool problem.
No Association between the CDX2 G543C Polymorphism and Risk of Gastric Atrophy and Cancer
Goto, Yasuyuki,Kato, Tsuyoshi,Ando, Takafumi,Goto, Hidemi,Hamajima, Nobuyuki Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11
Ectopic expression of CDX2 in the stomach is closely associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and intestinal metaplasia. Whether CDX2 has tumor suppression or tumorigenesis potential remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the association between the CDX2 G543C polymorphism (silent mutation) and the risk for H. pylori-induced gastric atrophy and cancer as well as H. pylori infection, using 454 Japanese subjects undergoing a health checkup and 202 gastric cancer patients. The frequency of the minor allele was the same as previously reported in China, but different from that reported in England. CDX2 G543C was not associated with risk of H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, or gastric cancer, although the point estimate for non-cardiac differentiated gastric cancer as compared to controls with gastric atrophy was 2.22 (95%CI=0.17-29.4). In conclusion, our results indicate that the CDX2 G543C polymorphism is unlikely to affect the H. pylori infection-gastric atrophy-gastric cancer sequence.
Food Intake and Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue
Tsuyoshi Goto,Minji Kim,Haruya Takahashi,Nobuyuki Takahashi,Teruo Kawada 대한비만학회 2016 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.25 No.3
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is regarded as a key target for developing interventions to prevent and treat obesity and age-related diseases. In addition, uncoupling pro tein 1 (UCP1) - expressing “brown-like” adipocytes, known as beige cells, that develop in white adipose tissue (WAT) under certain physiological conditions and pharmacological stimuli. The effects of ageing on BAT atrophy and functional decline further strengthen the notion that healthy eating habits and food choices play an extremely vital role against reduction in the number of BAT and beige cells as people approach middle age. This review aims to cover recent progress in food items and pharmaceuticals that activate or induce BAT and UCP1.
Goto, Tsuyoshi,Hirata, Mariko,Aoki, Yumeko,Iwase, Mari,Takahashi, Haruya,Kim, Minji,Li, Yongjia,Jheng, Huei-Fen,Nomura, Wataru,Takahashi, Nobuyuki,Kim, Chu-Sook,Yu, Rina,Seno, Shigeto,Matsuda, Hideo,A American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2017 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.292 No.22
<P>Obesity causes excess fat accumulation in white adipose tissues (WAT) and also in other insulin-responsive organs such as the skeletal muscle, increasing the risk for insulin resistance, which can lead to obesity-related metabolic disorders. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) is a master regulator of fatty acid oxidation whose activator is known to improve hyperlipidemia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PPAR alpha activator-mediated reduction in adiposity and improvement of metabolic disorders are largely unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of PPAR alpha agonist (fenofibrate) on glucose metabolism dysfunction in obese mice. Fenofibrate treatment reduced adiposity and attenuated obesity-induced dysfunctions of glucose metabolism in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. However, fenofibrate treatment did not improve glucose metabolism in lipodystrophic A-Zip/F1 mice, suggesting that adipose tissue is important for the fenofibrate-mediated amelioration of glucose metabolism, although skeletal muscle actions could not be completely excluded. Moreover, we investigated the role of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which regulates energy metabolism in adipose tissue. In WAT of WT mice, but not of FGF21-deficient mice, fenofibrate enhanced the expression of genes related to brown adipocyte functions, such as Ucp1, Pgc1a, and Cpt1b. Fenofibrate increased energy expenditure and attenuated obesity, whole body insulin resistance, and adipocyte dysfunctions in WAT in high-fat-diet-fed WT mice but not in FGF21-defi-the fenofibrate-mediated improvement of whole body glucose metabolism in obese mice via the amelioration of WAT dysfunctions.</P>
( Masaki Kuwatani ),( Toru Nakamura ),( Tsuyoshi Hayashi ),( Yasutoshi Kimura ),( Michihiro Ono ),( Masayo Motoya ),( Koji Imai ),( Keisuke Yamakita ),( Takuma Goto ),( Kuniyuki Takahashi ),( Hiroyuki 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.2
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy/neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NAC/NACRT) can be performed in patients with pancreatic cancer to improve survival. We aimed to clarify the clinical outcomes of biliary drainage with a metal stent (MS) or a plastic stent (PS) during NAC/NACRT. Between October 2013 and April 2016, 96 patients with pancreatic cancer were registered for NAC/NACRT. Of these, 29 patients who underwent biliary drainage with MS or PS before NAC/NACRT and a subsequent pancreatoduodenectomy were retrospectively analyzed with regard to patient characteristics, preoperative recurrent biliary obstruction rate, NAC/NACRT delay or discontinuation rate, and operative characteristics. The median age of the patients was 67 years. NAC and NACRT were performed in 14 and 15 patients, respectively, and MS and PS were used in 17 and 12 patients, respectively. Recurrent biliary obstruction occurred in 6% and 83% of the patients in the MS and PS groups, respectively (p<0.001). NAC/NACRT delay was observed in 35% and 50% of the patients in the MS and PS groups, respectively (p=0.680). NAC/NACRT discontinuation was observed in 12% and 17% of the patients in the MS and PS groups, respectively (p=1.000). The operative time in the MS group tended to be longer than that in the PS group (625 minutes vs 497 minutes, p=0.051), and the operative blood loss volumes and postoperative adverse event rates were not different between the two groups. MS was better than PS from the viewpoint of preventing recurrent biliary obstruction, although MS was similar to PS with regards to perioperative outcomes. (Gut Liver 2020;14:269-273)
Dietary Capsaicin Attenuates Metabolic Dysregulation in Genetically Obese Diabetic Mice
Ji-Hye Kang,Goto Tsuyoshi,Hoan Le Ngoc,Hong-Min Kim,Thai Hien Tu,Hye-Ji Noh,김추숙,Suck-Young Choe,Teruo Kawada,유훈,Rina Yu 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.3
Metabolic dysregulation (e.g., hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, etc.) is a hallmark of obesity-related diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. In this study, we assessed whether dietary capsaicin attenuated the metabolic dysregulation in genetically obese diabetic KKAy mice, which have severe diabetic phenotypes. Male KKAy mice fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks received a 0.015% capsaicin supplement for a further 3 weeks and were compared with nonsupplemented controls. Dietary capsaicin markedly decreased fasting glucose/insulin and triglyceride levels in the plasma and/or liver, as well as expression of inflammatory adipocytokine genes (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6) and macrophage infiltration. At the same time expression of the adiponectin gene/protein and its receptor, AdipoR2, increased in adipose tissue and/or plasma, accompanied by increased activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase, a marker of fatty acid oxidation. These findings suggest that dietary capsaicin reduces metabolic dysregulation in obese/diabetic KKAy mice by enhancing expression of adiponectin and its receptor. Capsaicin may be useful as a dietary factor for reducing obesity-related metabolic dysregulation.
Dehydroabietic acid, a diterpene, improves diabetes and hyperlipidemia in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice.
Kang, Min-Sook,Hirai, Shizuka,Goto, Tsuyoshi,Kuroyanagi, Kayo,Kim, Young-Il,Ohyama, Kana,Uemura, Taku,Lee, Joo-Young,Sakamoto, Tomoya,Ezaki, Yoichiro,Yu, Rina,Takahashi, Nobuyuki,Kawada, Teruo Published for International Union of Biochemistry 2009 Biofactors Vol.35 No.5
<P>Terpenoids, which are contained in a large number of dietary and herbal plants, have many biological effects. In this study, the effects of dehydroabietic acid (DAA), a diterpene, on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined using obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. We showed here that DAA treatment decreased not only plasma glucose and insulin levels but also plasma triglyceride (TG) and hepatic TG levels. To examine the mechanism underlying the effects of DAA, the production of inflammatory cytokines was measured. It was shown that the DAA treatment suppressed the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) (proinflammatory cytokines) and increased that of adiponectin (an anti-inflammatory cytokine). As a result of the changes in the production of inflammatory cytokines caused by the DAA treatment, the accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissues was reduced. These results indicate that treatment with DAA improves the levels of plasma glucose, plasma insulin, plasma TG, and hepatic TG through the decrease in the macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues, suggesting that DAA is a useful food-derived compound for treating obesity-related diseases.</P>