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SINGLE-CHIP IMPLEMENTATION OF MPEG2 DECODER DEDICATED TO MP@HL
Masaki,Toshihiro,Morimoto,Yasuo,Sato,Yoh,Onoye,Takao,Shirakawa,Isao 대한전자공학회 1995 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.4 No.1
A single-chip MPEG2 decoder dedicated to MP@HL is described, which consists of specific functional units, macroblock level pipeline buffers, and sequence controller. Owing to the sophisticated I/O interface facilities among functional units, macroblock level pipeline buffers are successfully incorporated with functional units. A new organization for frame memory and its interface is also devised. The designed decoder contains K transistors, and occupies 81.0㎟ with a 0.6㎛ triple-metal CMOS technology.
Toshiki Endo,Tomoo Inoue,Masaki Mizuno,Ryu Kurokawa,Kiyoshi Ito,Shigeo Ueda,Toshihiro Takami,Kazutoshi Hida,Minoru Hoshimaru,Investigators of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in the Neurospinal Socie 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.2
Objective: We performed a retrospective observational study to demonstrate the surgical risks and long-term prognoses of intramedullary tumors in Japan using a multicenter registry authorized by the Neurospinal Society of Japan. Methods: Data from 1,033 consecutive patients with intramedullary tumors, treated between 2009 and 2020, were collected from 58 centers. Patients with spinal lipomas or myxopapillary ependymomas were excluded. Patient characteristics, clinical presentations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. The modified McCormick scale was used to classify functional status. Survival was described using Kaplan-Meier curves, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years. Data of 361 ependymomas, 196 hemangioblastomas, 168 astrocytic tumors, 160 cavernous malformations, and the remaining 126 cases including subependymomas, metastases, schwannomas, capillary hemangiomas, and intravascular B-cell lymphomas were analyzed. Twenty-two patients were undiagnosed. The mean follow-up duration was 46.1 ± 38.5 months. Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 672 tumors (65.1%). On the modified McCormick scale, 234 patients (22.7%) had worse postoperative grades at the time of discharge. However, neurological status gradually improved. At 6 months postoperatively, 251 (27.5%), 500 (54.9%), and 160 patients (17.6%) had improved, unchanged, and worsened grades, respectively. Preoperative functional status, gross total tumor removal, and histopathological type were significantly associated with mortality and functional outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate better postoperative functional outcomes in patients with fewer preoperative neurological deficits. Degree of resection, postoperative treatments, and prognoses are closely related to the histology of intramedullary tumors.
Yasukazu Hijikata,Shigeo Ueda,Takao Yasuhara,Daisuke Umebayashi,Toshiki Endo,Toshihiro Takami,Masaki Mizuno,Kazutoshi Hida,Minoru Hoshimaru 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.4
Objective: To assess the current management of primary spinal cord tumors (PSCTs) and determine whether and to what extent there are differences in surgical strategies for PSCTs. Methods: The Neurospinal Society of Japan conducted a survey between April 1 and 30, 2021. Certified spine surgeons were requested for information on the frequency of surgeries in 2020 and the surgical strategies adopted for each PSCTs. The following tumor histologies were focused: schwannoma, meningioma, and cauda equina tumor as extramedullary tumors; and ependymoma, hemangioblastoma, astrocytoma, and cavernoma as intramedullary tumors. The participants were divided according to their response as follows: experts, who had experienced ≥ 100 surgeries for PSCTs, and nonexperts. Results: Among 308 participants (63%), 35 (11%) were experts. The total number of PSCTs in 2020 was 802 of which 564 tumors were extramedullary and 223 were intramedullary. Schwannoma accounted for 53% of the extramedullary tumors, and ependymoma accounted for 39% of the intramedullary tumors. Surgical strategies significantly differed among both the experts and nonexperts groups. Some discrepancies in the adopted surgical strategies were observed between groups. Some of the nonexperts, and none of the experts, ruled out surgery for schwannomas (Eden type 4), astrocytomas, or cavernomas. Five nonexperts (2.2%), and none of the experts, resected the entire dura for meningiomas. Conclusion: A nationwide survey revealed that a sufficient consensus did not exist regarding surgical strategies for PSCTs. A disease-specific registry for PSCTs is necessary in academic societies.