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( Thiagarajan Madheswaran ),( Rengarajan Baskaran ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Bong Kyu Yoo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0
The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of two surfactants, Cremophor RH 40 (RH) and Cremophor EL (EL), to prepare liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN) and to study its influence on the topical delivery of finasteride (FNS). FNS-loaded LCN was formulated with the two surfactants and characterized for size distribution, morphology, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and skin permeation/retention. Influence of FNS-loaded LCN on the conformational changes on porcine skin was also studied using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopical image confirmed the formation of LCN. The average particle size of formulations was in the range of 165.1-208.6 and 153.7-243.0 nm, respectively. The formulations prepared with higher surfactant concentrations showed faster release and significantly increased skin permeation. Specifically, LCN prepared with RH 2.5% presented higher permeation flux (0.100 ± 0.005 μgcm(-2)h(-1)) compared with lower concentration (0.029 ± 0.007 μgcm(-2)h(-1)). Typical spectral bands of lipid matrix of porcine skin were shifted to higher wavenumber, indicating increased degree of disorder of the lipid acyl chains which might cause fluidity increase of stratum corneum. Taken together, Cremophor surfactants exhibited a promising potential to stabilize the LCN and significantly augmented the skin permeation of FNS.
( Thiagarajan Madheswaran ),( Rengarajan Baskaran ),( Raj Kumar Thapa ),( Jeong Yeon Rhyu ),( Hye Yoon Choi ),( Jong Oh Kim ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Bong Kyu Yoo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
SCOPE: Increasing evidence indicates that polyphenols may protect against metabolic disease through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The aims of our study were to provide new data on the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the role of the phenolic compound, 3-caffeoyl, 4-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid (CDCQ) from Salicornia herbacea, in the prevention of high glucose-induced lipogenesis in human HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nile red staining assays were used to demonstrate lipid accumulation in the cells. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acidsynthase (FAS) gene at the levels of promoter activity, mRNA, and protein was demonstrated using transient transfection assays, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analyses, respectively. We found that CDCQ suppressed high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. CDCQ strongly inhibited high glucose-induced FAS expression by modulating SREBP-1c activation. Moreover, the use of both a specific inhibitor and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-siRNA transfected HepG2 cells showed that CDCQ activated AMPK via silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) or LKB1 in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CDCQ prevented lipid accumulation by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1/SIRT1 and AMPK activation in HepG2 cells, suggesting that CDCQ plays a potential role in the prevention of lipogenesis by AMPK activation.
Thiagarajan Madheswaran,Rengarajan Baskaran,Pasupathi Sundaramoorthy,유봉규 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.4
The objective of this study is to enhance skinpermeation of finasteride and dutasteride for the treatmentof androgenetic alopecia using surface-modified liquidcrystalline nanoparticle (sm-LCN) dispersion. LCNentrapped with the drugs was prepared by using monooleinas a liquid crystal former, and surface modification wasperformed by treatment of the LCN dispersion with samevolume of 1 % v/v acetic acid solution containing chitosan. Physicochemical properties of the LCN’s were studied withregard to particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential,and release of the drugs. Skin permeation of drugsentrapped into the LCN and sm-LCN was investigated withporcine abdominal skin using Franz diffusion cell. Cytotoxicityof the LCN’s was also studied using human skinkeratinocytes. The particle size and zeta potential of theLCN were 197.9 ± 2.5 nm and -20.2 ± 1.9 mV, respectively,and sm-LCN showed slightly bigger size and positivezeta potential due to the presence of thin coating on thesurface of the nanoparticles. Compared to LCN, sm-LCNresulted in significantly enhanced skin permeation of thedrugs whereas in vitro release was significantly reduced. Cell viability as a measure of cytotoxicity was above 80 %up to 20 lg/ml concentration of both LCN and sm-LCN. Inconclusion, sm-LCN may provide a strategy to maximizetherapeutic efficacy minimizing unwanted systemic sideeffects associated with the use of the drugs for the treatmentof androgenetic alopecia.
Symptom Prevalence and Related Distress in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Thiagarajan, Muthukkumaran,Chan, Caryn Mei Hsien,Fuang, Ho Gwo,Beng, Tan Seng,Atiliyana, MA,Yahaya, NA Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1
Background: Much has been done to examine the psychological impact of cancer treatment, but it remains unclear to what extent anxiety and depression is related to symptom prevalence. The present study concerned the characteristics and frequency of distress as related to symptom prevalence in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Participants were 303 consecutive adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in an academic medical center. The short form Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS-SF), which covers three domains of symptoms (global distress, physical- and psychological symptoms) was used to cross-sectionally measure symptom frequency and associated distress via self-reporting. One-way ANOVA and t-tests were used to test mean differences among MSAS-SF subscale scores. Results: Complete data were available for 303 patients. The mean number of symptoms was 14.5. The five most prevalent were fatigue, dry mouth, hair loss, drowsiness and lack of appetite. Overall, symptom burden and frequency were higher than in other published MSAS-SF studies. Higher symptom frequency was also found to be significantly related to greater distress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusions: Patients undergoing chemotherapy suffer from multiple physical and psychological symptoms. Better symptom control or palliative care is needed. Greater frequency of reported symptoms may also indicate a subconscious bid by patients for care and reassurance - thus tailored intervention to manage distress should be offered.
( Thiagarajan Madheswaran ),( Rengarajan Baskaran ),( Raj Kumar Thapa ),( Jeong Yeon Rhyu ),( Hye Yoon Choi ),( Jong Oh Kim ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Bong Kyu Yoo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
In this study, liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN) have been proposed as new carrier for topical delivery of finasteride (FNS) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. To evaluate the potential of this nanocarrier, FNS-loaded LCN was prepared by ultrasonication method and characterized for size, shape, in vitro release, and skin permeation-retention properties. The particle size ranged from 153.8 to 170.2 nm with a cubical shape and exhibited controlled release profile with less than 20% of the drug released in the first 24 h. The release profile was significantly altered with addition of different additives. Formulation with lower monoolein exhibited higher skin permeation with a flux rate of 0.061±0.005 μg cm(-2) h(-1) in 24 h. The permeation however, significantly increased with glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, while it declined for the addition of oleic acid. A similar trend was observed with skin retention study. In conclusion, FNS-loaded LCN could be advocated as a viable alternative for oral administration of the drug.
Subramanian Gopalakannan,Thiagarajan Senthilvelan 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.3
A novel aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC particles were prepared by liquid metallurgy route. Recent developmentsin composites are not only focused on the improvement of mechanical properties, but also on machinability for difficult-tomachineshapes. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) was employed to machine MMC with copper electrode. using EDM. Experimentswere conducted using pulse current, gap voltage, pulse on time and pulse off time as typical process parameters. The experimentplan adopts face centered central composite design of response surface methodology. Analysis of variance was applied to investigate theinfluence of process parameters and their interactions viz., pulse current, gap voltage, pulse on time and pulse off time on material removalrate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (EWR) and surface roughness (SR). The objective was to identify the significant process parametersthat affect the output characteristics. Further a mathematical model has been formulated by applying response surface method inorder to estimate the machining characteristics such as MRR, EWR and SR.
Anoop Johny,C. Thiagarajan 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.4
In this work, titanium grade 2 alloy is evaluated for their machinability behavior using novel reciprocating wire-cut electricaldischarge machining (RWEDM) by changing the wire feed rate, flow rate of dielectric, variable frequency and current as perTaguchi’s approach (L27 orthogonal array) towards maximizing material removal rate (MRR) and minimizing surfaceroughness (SR) and kerf width (KW). A multiple attribute decision method, The Technique for Order of Preference bySimilarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is implemented for simultaneous optimization of output responses. The ideal conditionobtained is: wire feed of 8 mm/min, flow rate of 15 g/sec, variable frequency of 22 Hz and current density of 220 A. Analysisof Variance identifies that the influence of feed rate of wire electrode is noteworthy with a contribution of 67.12% followedby flow rate and variable frequency. Recast layer on the machined specimens is also evaluated using scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) images which shows lower distortion. A metaheuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimizationmethod is utilized for further optimizing the output responses and is found that the results obtained matches with the resultsof TOPSIS. Finally, a validation experiment is performed with ideal conditions of input parameters and verified.
Mallikarjuna, M.,Nataraju, B.,Thiagarajan, V. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.5 No.2
Silkworm diseases are major constraint in silk cocoon production. Among silkworm diseases, white muscar-dine is highly contagious and most common in winter and rainy seasons. It is suggested that hemocytes involve in defense against invasion of Beauveria bassi-ana and systemic fungicide/chemicals prevent the proliferation of fungi in the hemolymph or preventing the growth of the fungi in the body cavity through enhancing the hemocyte mediated defense response. In the present study the influence of systemic fungicide on hematological changes in silkworms infected with Beauveria bassiana was reported. It is observed that the total hemocyte counts increased in the hemolymph up to 5 days post inoculation in systemic fungicide treated batches while in the inoculated control the increase was up to 3 days indicating the positive hemocyte mediated response in silkworm treated with systemic fungicide. After 2 days in the inoculated control as the multiplication and growth of mycelia increased, defense capacity of the silkworm was decreased. The biochemical changes were also observed in the hemolymph of silkworm infected with B. bassiana. In silkworm infected with Beauveria bassi-ana, the total protein content increased whereas total carbohydrate and total lipids decreased as the infection progresses. In the case of systemic fungicide treated batches the increase in total protein content was comparatively higher and decrease in total carbohydrate and lipids were comparatively lower than the inoculated control.