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Haruko TAKEYAMA 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
A large number of diverse microbes exist in the environment, and their functions have been gradually revealed through culture-based and sequence-based approaches. Especially, the development of next-generation sequencers has enabled the accumulation of genome big-data and the construction of draft genomes is progressing rapidly. However, despite this progress, the diversity of environmental microbes is still overwhelming. Therefore, there is a need for an analysis method that can selectively and efficiently collect microbes with useful functions from microbial populations. Here, we have developed a new single-cell analysis platform for screening beneficial microbes by a combination of droplet microfluidics and Raman-micro spectroscopy. Droplet microfluidics is a technique for generating monodispersed water in oil droplets in a high-throughput manner. By applying droplets as reaction vessels, we have developed a high-throughput single-cell genome sequencing method, which could be applied to comparative genome analysis of microbes at the strain level. On the other hand, Raman micro-spectroscopy enables label-free detection of substances and real-time imaging of cellular components at single-cell level. Furthermore, we have applied a multivariate spectral decomposition method (MCR-ALS) to decompose spectrum, which enabled the evaluation of the productivity of microbial metabolites and the observation of various biomolecules in microbes. Combining these two technologies, we have developed a platform for screening beneficial microbes and acquiring genome sequences at the single-cell level. In this platform, single cells are encapsulated into droplets, and Raman micro-spectroscopy identifies the candidate microbes which producing the target biomolecules (ex. secondary metabolites). The droplets containing target microbes are then isolated, and the microbes are processed to whole genome amplification followed by genome sequencing. We have applied the platform to marine sponge Theonella sp. and acquired the single-cell draft genomes of symbiotic microbes (Chloroflexi bacterium), which produce functional secondary metabolites. This platform enables selective acquisition of microbes producing functional biomolecules and is expected to be applied to rare and useful microbes, which has been difficult in conventional methods. We hope that this platform will lead to the discovery of enzymes or secondary metabolites that can be applied to industrial and medical fields.
Yih, Won-Ho,Takeyama, Haruko,Mitsui, Akira The Korean Society of Oceanography 1996 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.31 No.1
The effect of exogenous oxygen on hydrogen photoproduction was examined in the synchronously grown cells of marine Synechococcus sp. Miami BG 043511 under conditions of high cell density (0.6-0.8 mg chl-${\alpha}$ $ml^{-1}$) and high light intensity (1000 ${\mu}$E $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$). Hydrogen evolution after 20-h incubation did not decline under the initial oxygen concentrations up to 20%, but declined by half under 34% oxygen. 50% and 100% oxygen gas phase did not completely inhibit the hydrogen photoproduction during 40-h incubations. After 2-day pretreatment under 100% exogenous oxygen the hydrogen photoproduction capabilities were not irreversibly inhibited, which was demonstrated in the subsequent 9-day incubation under initial 0, 50 and even under 100% oxygen gas phase. This strain could be useful for developing a hydrogen photoproduction system under atmospheric oxygen concentration.
A survey of healthcare workers’ recommendations about human papillomavirus vaccination
Hitomi Nishioka,Tomoko Onishi,Taito Kitano,Masahiro Takeyama,Natsuko Imakita,Kei Kasahara,Ryuji Kawaguchi,Jennifer Akiko Masaki,Keiji Nogami 대한백신학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.11 No.2
Purpose: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is safe and effective for preventing HPV-related diseases. However, HPV vaccination rates in Japan are low because the “Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare” had stopped recommending vaccination. We assessed healthcare workers’ (HCWs) current recommendations regarding the HPV vaccine and how the provision of information about HPV vaccination affected their recommendations. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted among nurses and physicians in Nara prefecture from March 2021 to July 2021. The questionnaire asked about their understanding, recommendations, and opinions regarding HPV vaccination. Before answering the last two questions (optional), the HCWs read evidence-based information quantifying the risks and benefits of HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 441 HCWs completed the questionnaire. Only 19% of HCWs always recommended HPV vaccination for girls aged 12–16 years. The evidence-based information significantly improved the percentage of HCWs who would “always recommend” vaccination. Conclusion: This study showed that the proportion of HCWs who recommend HPV vaccination to adolescent girls remains low in Japan. However, we found that evidence-based information describing the causal relationship between adverse events and vaccination, quantifying the risks and benefits, noting the importance of HCW communications with families, and reporting the recommendations of national societies, might increase HCWs’ recommendations for HPV vaccination.
姜濚珪,熊谷哲,무산무랑 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 1981 工學硏究 Vol.11 No.-
The purpose of the present study are concerned with the boiling characteristic of the saturated impinging jet on a flat heated suface, but it has as a key feature the use of nozzle with the interference plate that is a solid surface opposed to a flat heated surface for the purpose of making very small clearance, S=0.2~0.3mm, restricting the fluid movement. It was found that with the increase of impinging jet veloity heat flux and heat transfer coefficient increased. Empirical equations obtained by their close relations is as follows : q_max = 2.9X10^6 u^0.39 α_max = 9.48X10⁴u^0.335 Nomenclature q: Heat Flux Kcal/㎡h λ: Thermal Couductivity Kcal/mh ℃ α: Heat Transfer Coefficieut Kcal/㎡h ℃ T_c: Temperature of cooling water ℃ T_w: Temperature of cooling surface ℃ ΔT_sat : T_w-T_c : Excess Temperature ℃ u : Velocity of Impinging Jet m/sec r : Radius of cooling Surface S : Clearance fetween the Interference-Plate and Cooling surface