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Activation of Akt as a mechanism for tumor immune evasion.
Noh, Kyung Hee,Kang, Tae Heung,Kim, Jin Hee,Pai, Sara I,Lin, Ken Y,Hung, Chien-Fu,Wu, T-C,Kim, Tae Woo Academic Press 2009 Molecular therapy Vol.17 No.3
<P>Immune evasion is an important reason why the immune system cannot control tumor growth. To elucidate the mechanism for tumor immune evasion, we generated an immune-resistant human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7-expressing tumor cell line by subjecting a susceptible tumor cell line to multiple rounds of in vivo immune selection with an E7-specific vaccine. Comparison of parental and immune-resistant tumors revealed that Akt is highly activated in the immune-resistant tumors. Retroviral transfer of a constitutively active form of Akt into the parental tumor significantly increased its resistance against E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell mediated apoptosis. The observed resistance against apoptosis was found to be associated with the upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules. We also observed that intratumoral injection of an Akt inhibitor enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of E7-specific vaccine or E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell adoptive transfer against the immune-resistant tumors. Thus, our data indicate that the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway represents a new mechanism of immune escape and has important implications for the development of a novel strategy in cancer immunotherapy against immune-resistant tumor cells.</P>
C.T. Hsieh,M.W. Lin,C.L. Chang,Y.C. Ho,S.Y. Chen,J. Wang,M.C. Chou,J.Y. Lin,C.H. Pai,P.H. Lin,L.C. Tai,S.H. Chen,G.Y. Tsaur,C.C. Kuo,T.Y. Chien 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6
A general method for fabricating transient plasma structures with high-intensity laser pulses is developed to gain fine control over laser-plasma interactions. These structures have been used as programmable photonic devices in the development of laser-wakefield accelerators, soft X-ray lasers and plasma nonlinear optics driven by multi-terawatt laser pulses. Plasma ramps are used to control electron injection in laser-wakefield accelerators, plasma waveguides are used to enhance the efficiency of soft X-ray lasers by orders of magnitude and periodic plasma structures are used to achieve quasi-phase matching in relativistic harmonic generation. By scanning the interaction length with the same plasma-fabrication method, tomographic measurements are carried out to resolve the injection/acceleration process in laser-wakefield accelerators and amplification processes in X-ray lasers and relativistic harmonic generation. A theoretical analysis and a computer simulation are also carried out to provide insightful pictures of these processes. These research works show that by controlling plasma structures with optical fabrication methods, laser-plasma interaction can be engineered to expand and enrich the frontier of high-field physics.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIANT FLOOR COOLING MODULES
K. C. CHIEN,Y. K. CHUAH,W. T. CHANG 대한설비공학회 2013 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.21 No.2
This study investigates experimentally the performance of radiant °oor cooling modules. Di®erent radiant cooling modular units with embedded chilled water piping were tested for cooling performance. The e®ects of pipe pitch and also the e®ects of extended ¯ns were tested. The results of the experiments show that the modular design of radiant °oor used has low heat resistance between the chilled water and the radiant cooling surface. Mean radiant temperature was analyzed to measure the cooling comfort performance. An increase of radiant cooling surface area was found to be important for e®ective radiant heat exchange. Moreover, the larger the temperature di®erence between the radiant surface and the walls, higher rate of radiant cooling can be achieved. The cooling intensity in terms of per unit area was tested to be as high as 60W/m2. In conclusion the radiant °oor cooling modular units are e®ective to remove sensible heat and provide comfort cooling. In practice it can be supplemented with lower humidity outdoor air supply for the removal of latent heat.
Clare C.W. Yu,Chun T. Au,Frank Y.F. Lee,Raymond C.H. So,John P.S. Wong,Gary Y.K. Mak,Eric P. Chien,Alison M. McManus 한국산업안전공단 산업안전보건연구원 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.3
Background: Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent among firefighters in some developed countries. It is unclear whether physical activity and cardiopulmonary fitness reduce cardiovascular disease risk and the cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters. The present study investigated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters in Hong Kong. Methods: Male firefighters (n ¼ 387) were randomly selected from serving firefighters in Hong Kong (n ¼ 5,370) for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, known cardiovascular diseases). One-third (Target Group) were randomly selected for the assessment of off-duty leisure-time physical activity using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed, as well as cardiovascular workload using heart rate monitoring for each firefighter for four “normal” 24-hour working shifts and during real-situation simulated scenarios. Results: Overall, 33.9% of the firefighters had at least two cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Target Group, firefighters who had higher leisure-time physical activity had a lower resting heart rate and a lower average working heart rate, and spent a smaller proportion of time working at a moderateintensity cardiovascular workload. Firefighters who had moderate aerobic fitness and high leisuretime physical activity had a lower peak working heart rate during the mountain rescue scenario compared with firefighters who had low leisure-time physical activities. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity conferred significant benefits during job tasks of moderate cardiovascular workload in firefighters in Hong Kong.
Yu, Clare C.W.,Au, Chun T.,Lee, Frank Y.F.,So, Raymond C.H.,Wong, John P.S.,Mak, Gary Y.K.,Chien, Eric P.,McManus, Alison M. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.3
Background: Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent among firefighters in some developed countries. It is unclear whether physical activity and cardiopulmonary fitness reduce cardiovascular disease risk and the cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters. The present study investigated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters in Hong Kong. Methods: Male firefighters (n = 387) were randomly selected from serving firefighters in Hong Kong (n = 5,370) for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, known cardiovascular diseases). One-third (Target Group) were randomly selected for the assessment of off-duty leisure-time physical activity using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed, as well as cardiovascular workload using heart rate monitoring for each firefighter for four "normal" 24-hour working shifts and during real-situation simulated scenarios. Results: Overall, 33.9% of the firefighters had at least two cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Target Group, firefighters who had higher leisure-time physical activity had a lower resting heart rate and a lower average working heart rate, and spent a smaller proportion of time working at a moderate-intensity cardiovascular workload. Firefighters who had moderate aerobic fitness and high leisure-time physical activity had a lower peak working heart rate during the mountain rescue scenario compared with firefighters who had low leisure-time physical activities. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity conferred significant benefits during job tasks of moderate cardiovascular workload in firefighters in Hong Kong.
C. S. Yang,K. F. Chien,J. Y. Lai,C. W. Luo,W. C. Chou,Y. T. Shih,J. S. Wang,S. R. Jian 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
Self-assembled CdTe/ZnSe Stranski-Krastanow quantum-dot (QD) structures, which have a CdSe-like precursor-layer (PCL) between CdTe quantum dots and ZnSe matrix, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The carrier dynamics of the structures was studied by photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements. The temperature-dependent PL spectra revealed that there is a carrier transformation from small dots to larger dots via the precursor layer. Temperature-dependent PL measurements verify the existence of the QD excited excitonic state in 5.0 mono-layer (ML) coverage. In 0.6 ML coverage, the TRPL spectra exhibited a double-exponential decay process, as the detection energy at PCL emission energy. The faster decay time is corresponded to the carrier lifetime in PCL, the slower decay time exhibits the carrier in small QD. However, in 5.0 ML coverage, a faster and slower decay time represents the carrier lifetime in QD excited state for larger QD and the carrier lifetime in QD ground state for smaller QD.