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소셜 게임에서 경쟁과 협력이 사용자간의 친밀감에 미치는 영향
이선화(Sunwha Lee),이성호(Sungho Lee),이유진(Yoojin Lee),박상후(Sanghoo Park),김진우(Jinwoo Kim) 한국HCI학회 2014 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.12
본 연구는 Social Network Game (SNG)에서의 경쟁과 협력이라는 상반되는 사용자들의 상호작용이 게임에 대한 몰입과 참여자간의 친밀감을 형성에 영향을 주는지를 사회적 동기 이론 (Social Motivation Theory)과 사회적 비교 이론 (Social Comparison Theory)을 통해 살펴보았다. SNG 는 혼자가 아닌 SNS 라는 사회적 관계망 안에서 다양한 사람들이 함께 즐기는 게임 형태이다. 따라서 SNG 의 경험을 살펴보기 위해서는 사용자와 게임 시스템간의 상호작용을 뿐만 아니라, 게임 참여자간의 상호작용에 대한 연구가 필요하지만, 기존 SNG 연구들에선 이에 대한 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 협력과 경쟁이라는 상반된 상호작용이 게임의 몰입감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 이러한 SNG 에서의 몰입감은 SNG 참여자들 사이의 친밀감 향상에 영향을 미치는지를 설문을 통해 검증하였다. 결과적으로, 랭킹 비교 등을 통한 경쟁과 서로 게임 자원 공유를 통한 협력은 게임 몰입감에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 SNG 에의 몰입감은 SNS 상의 참여자들 간에 친밀감을 높이는 데도 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. This study hypothesis competition and collaboration in SNG ( Social Network Game) have a effect on users’ flow to a game, which lead to intimacy among SNG users, based on the social motivation theory and social comparison theory. Users play SNGs with their friends of SNS (Social Network Service). Therefore, the interactions among SNG users should be considered not only the interaction of users and game system. Hypothesis was tested through survey of SNG users. In sum, we confirmed that competition through comparing scores each other and collaboration through the exchanging game resources have positive impact on users" game flow, and that this flow strengthen the intimacy among SNG users in their social network.
복지재정과 교육재정 적정성 전망과 지방재정 운용에의 시사점
이선화(Sunwha Lee),류덕현(Deockhyun Ryu) 한국경제발전학회 2018 經濟發展硏究 Vol.24 No.4
본 연구는 정부기능별(COFOG) 재정구성비를 통해 인구구조 변화에 대응한 우리나라 복지재정 및 교육재정의 적정성을 평가하고 지방재정과 교육재정 운용에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 소득수준과 인구구 조를 포함한 한국의 재정운용 여건이 2015년의 OECD 주요 21개 국가와 가장 유사해지는 해는 2025년으로 전망되었다. 분야별 재정지출에 대한 결정요인 분석과 재정지출 결정요인 전망치를 적용한 2025년 한국의 교육재정 지출 비중은 총지출대비 16.1%로 OECD 국가들의 2015년 평균치에 비해 4.3%p 가 높은 것으로 추계되었다. 반면 복지지출 비중은 23.1%로 OECD 평균에 비해 15.3%p가 낮은 것으로 전망되었다. 즉, 한국의 재정운용은 OECD 국가에 비해 높은 교육재정 지출, 낮은 복지지출이라는 구조적 문제에 처해 있는 것으로 확인된다. 따라서 본 연구는 인구구조의 급변으로 지방재정과 교육재 정에 대한 재정개혁의 필요성이 높아지고 있는 것에 대비하여 일반지방재정과 교육재정을 부분적・점진적으로 통합하여 운영하는 것을 효율적 정책대안 으로 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to assess the current and future optimal level of the local social protection and education expenditure whose compositional changes are due to aging and demographic change. We also try to derive the policy implication for local public expenditure operations based on the following findings. Based on the empirical analysis for determinant of the public expenditure and future forecast, the education expenditure share out of total expenditure in 2025 is expected to 16.1 percent which is higher than 4.3 percent point of OECD average. However, that of social protection expenditure (COFOG 10) will be lower by 15.3 percent point (Korea 23.1 percent, OECD 38.4 percent). This finding confirms that the more public resources are invested in the educational expenditure and less in the social protection in Korea. The very speedy aging and demographic change in Korea are driving source for fiscal reform and restructuring local pubic expenditure. We suggest a partial and progressive operation as an efficient policy alternative between local general expenditure and education expenditure.
Prediction of preterm birth using bacteria risk score
( Sunwha Park ),( Soo Min Kim ),( Abuzar Ansari ),( Young-ah You ),( Daejoong Oh ),( Myunghoon Lee ),( Yun Ji Jung ),( Young-han Kim ),( Young Ju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.106 No.-
Objective: The objective of the study was to characterize bacteria profiles in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF), and determine their predictive values for preterm birth (PTB) prediction. Methods: A multi-center prospective cohort study (Ewha Womans University, Mokdong Hospital, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine) consisting of 94 pregnant women with PTBs (n=39) and term births (TB; n=55) from the period of 2018 to 2019 were investigated. Clinical characteristics, blood test results, cervical length (CL), and CVF samples were collected in the second trimester. Qualitative/quantitative analysis of eight bacteria (L. crispatus, W. koreensis, B. fragilis, P. bivia, P. amnii, P. salivae, U. urealyticum, U. Pavum) were done using PCR. After making a normal delivery/preterm division model, we checked cross-validation performance (Support Vector Machine, 3rd order polynomial). R software was used for our statistical analyses and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The prediction model was generated using machine learning techniques (Random forest). Results: Each individual bacterium (L. crispatus, W. koreensis, B. fragilis, P. bivia, P. amnii, P. salivae, U. urealyticum, U. Pavum) had no statistically significant association with preterm birth (p value >0.05). Association with preterm birth was significantly confirmed in 14 bacterial combinations. (p value<0.05) Among them, the combination of B. fragilis, P. bivia, and U. pavum had the highest statistical significance in our analysis. A bacteria risk score model using these three bacteria combinations to predict PTB was statistically significant (p value<0.05, test AUC 0.646). Conclusion: We concluded that a risk score model with multiple bacterial combinations could be a significant predictor of PTB.
( Sunwha Park ),( Abuzar Ansari ),( Doo Heon Son ),( Young Min Hur ),( Young-ah You ),( Soo-min Kim ),( Gain Lee ),( Seungbeom Kang ),( Sang Hyeon Lim ),( Young-ju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-
Objective: The objective of the study is to determine whether Lactobacillus probiotics improves dysbiotic vaginal microbiota through gut-vagina-axis in Korean women. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 57 women who visited at Ewha Womans University Hospital in 2021 for routine gynecological examination. We gave probiotics for total 6 weeks to subjects and their cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) samples were collected with 3 times (before, after 3, and 6 weeks from taking probiotics). The Lactobacillus probiotics were contained of L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, and L. acidophilus. We checked STD PCR and gram stain for calculating Nugent score and analyzed microbiome by NGS. Raw sequencing data were processed by 16s rRNA sequencing using Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology software package 2 (QIIME 2, v2021.11). Data visualization was performed using the ggplot2 package of R (v4.1.3), and statistical analysis was performed through Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test, Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum Test and PERMANOVA using the vegan package. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The subjects with normal group were 26 women and the abnormal group was 10 women according to the Nugent score and NGS analysis. The 26 women were represented of eubiosis state that Lactobacillus accounted for more than 90% and the 10 women showed dysbiosis state with high alpha-diversity according to NGS. There was a significant correlation between Nugent score and alpha-diversity (R=0.37 for OTUs, p<0.001; R=0.45 for Shannon diversity, p<0.001; R=0.41 for Evenness, p<0.001, respectively). Among the abnormal group, 60% of women was significantly changed to normal vaginal environment after taking Lactobacillus probiotics by oral route for 6 weeks (p<0.05). After taking probiotics, their alpha-diversity was decreased and beta-diversity was improved to the normal condition. Conclusion: This study suggests that Lactobacillus probiotics by oral route could improve the vaginal environment and change the microbiome composition.
Cervicovaginal fluid cytokines as predictive markers of preterm birth in symptomatic women
( Sunwha Park ),( Young-ah You ),( Hayoung Yun ),( Suk-joo Choi ),( Han-sung Hwang ),( Sae-kyung Choi ),( Seung Mi Lee ),( Young Ju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.4
Objective Here, we investigated whether cytokines in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) can be predictive markers of preterm birth (PTB). Methods A multi-center prospective cohort study was conducted on 59 singleton pregnant women hospitalized for preterm labor (PTL) and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) between 22 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation from 2014 to 2015. The levels of 13 inflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, MIP-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17α, granulocyte colony stimulating factor [G-CSF], IL-7, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) were measured using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay and that of fetal fibronectin (fFN) was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson’s correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in SPSS version 20.0. Results Among the 13 cytokines assessed, the levels of 3 cytokines (MIP-1α, IL-6, and IL-7) were negatively correlated with gestational age at delivery (P=0.028, P=0.002, and P=0.018, respectively). Sensitivities of MIP-1α, IL-6, and IL-17α were 70%, 80%, and 75%, respectively, and their specificities were 57%, 65%, and 69%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of fFN were 33% and 95%, respectively. Conclusion In symptomatic women diagnosed with PTL and/or pPROM, cytokines from cervicovaginal fluid, especially IL-6 and IL-17α, could be better predictive markers of PTB than fFN.
Can we predict preterm birth by analyzing the vaginal microbiome using machine learning techniques?
( Sunwha Park ),( Jeongsup Moon ),( Nayeon Kang ),( Young Min Hur ),( Young-ah You ),( Soo Min Kim ),( Gain Lee ),( Yun Ji Jung ),( Young-han Kim ),( Taesung Park ),( Young Ju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2021 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.107 No.-
임신성 당뇨 선별 및 진단검사로서의 1단계 검사법과 2단계 검사법에 대한 주산기 예후의 비교
박선화 ( Sunwha Park ),이주혜 ( Ju Hye Lee ),김보라 ( Bo Ra Kim ),박미혜 ( Mi Hye Park ),김영주 ( Young Ju Kim ) 한국모자보건학회 2021 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Purpose: To compare pregnancy complications between the 2 groups of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): those diagnosed by the 1-step method and those diagnosed by the 2-step method. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the data from outpatient and hospitalization medical records of 201 patients diagnosed with GDM between 2013 and 2017 were reviewed. We compared the pregnancy complications of these patients based on whether they were diagnosed by the 1-step or 2-step method. SPSS ver. 20.0 was used to analyze the data from the 2 groups. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the pregnancy outcomes were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: On comparing pregnancy-related complications between the groups, there was no significant difference in the incidence of preeclampsia or delivery by cesarean section (p>0.99 and p=0.50, respectively). In the 1-step and 2-step groups, the prevalence of premature birth was significantly high at 19.7 % and 40.3% (p=0.01), respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), low APGAR score, and neonatal hypoglycemia (p>0.99, p>0.26, p>0.62, p>0.57, and p>0.45, respectively). Conclusion: On comparing the 2 groups, we found that the 1-step and 2-step GDM groups had similar risks of pregnancy complications, namely preeclampsia, delivery by cesarean section, macrosomia, LGA, SGA, low APGAR scores, and neonatal hypoglycemia.