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Effect of Adaption-level and Range-frequency on Subjective Judgment
( Sang Yun Seo ),( Seong Chan Jo ),( Hoon Young Lee ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2019 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.20 No.1
This study intends to provide a better understanding of the cognitive representation of reference points, and how consumers formulate their reference levels in a judgment task. To approach this issue, the range theory, the range-frequency theory, and the adaptation-level theory are compared while manipulating the range and frequency of stimulus in a contextual set. This article comprises two studies that test the range effect and frequency effect. Study 1 examines the range effect on the attractiveness evaluated by subjects exposed to different ranges with the same number of stimuli in a context set. Study 2 examines the frequency effect on the attractiveness evaluated by subjects exposed to two context sets, each of which contains a different number of stimuli within identical ranges. In addition, we consider each prediction of subjective judgment using the range-frequency theory and the adaptation-level theory. The MANOVA results and the non-linear regression model fittings of the two studies reveal that the adaptation-level theory provides a sufficiently good cognitive representation of a reference point when subjects are simultaneously exposed to a series of stimuli. Furthermore, the adaptation-level outperformed the range effect as regards a consumer’s cognitive representation when the range is fixed, but the frequency varies within the context set.
Prognostic implication of metastatic lymph node ratio in node-positive rectal cancer
Sang-Min Lee,Jong-Seok Shin,Hong-Jo Choi,Ki-Jae Park,Young-Hoon Roh,Hyuk-Chan Kwon,Mee-Sook Roh,Hyung-Sik Lee,Choongrak Kim 대한외과학회 2011 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.80 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods: A review was made of 175 (male, 98) patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer of R0 resection. LN disease was stratified both by the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer nodal classification (pN) and by quartiles of the lymph node ratio (LNR). Disease-free survivals (DFS) were made using Kaplan-Meier curves and assessed by the log rank test and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Patients ranged in age from 29 to 83 (median, 60) years with median follow-up of 47 months (range, 13 to 181 months). months. There was a significant correlation between the number of metastatic LNs and the LNR (r = 0.8681, P < 0.0001). Cut-off points of LNR quartiles best to separate patients with regard to 5-year DFS were between quartile 2 and 3, and between 3 and 4 (LNR1, 2, and 3); the 5-year DFS according to such stratification was 89.6%, 55.8%, and 18.2% in LNR1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < 0.0001). Cox model identified the LNR as the most significant independent prognostic covariate; LNR2 showed 3.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.682 to 7.584; P = 0.0009) and LNR3, 18.7 times (95% CI, 6.872 to 50.664; P < 0.0001) more risky than LNR1. Conclusion: This study suggests that ratio-based LN staging, which reflects the number of LNs examined and the quality of LN dissection, is a simple and reliable system for prognostic LN stratification in patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer.
Color changes of ceramic veneers following glazing with respect to their composition
Sung-Joon Kim,Jae-Man Woo,Chan Woo Jo,Ju-Hee Park,Soo Kyung Kim,Se Hoon Kahm 대한치과보철학회 2019 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.11 No.1
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the translucency and color changes of ceramic laminate veneers of different composition following glazing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 10 mm × 10 mm square specimens of 0.6 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses were fabricated with IPS e.max Press (EM) and IPS e.max ZirPress (ZP) (n=10 per group). The color coordinates (CIE L* a* b*) of the specimens were recorded with a colorimeter before and after glazing. The color changes and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. For the comparisons with the composition and thicknesses between the ‘not glazed’ and ‘glazed’ groups, statistical analyses were done through paired T-test, independent two-sample T-test, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 (P<.05). RESULTS. The TP of 0.6 mm EM was higher than that of 0.6 mm ZP. Total color difference (ΔE*) between bare and glazed specimens of 1.0 mm EM was greater than that of 1.0 mm ZP with statistical significance. Following glazing, specimens from all groups showed statistically significant amount of decrease in L* and a*, and statistically significant increase in b*. The result of multiple regression analysis of EM and ZP showed that ∆L* improved ∆E*. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of present study, we conclude that translucency and color of ceramic laminate veneers change significantly after glazing process, and the nature and amount of changes vary with different compositions. [ J Adv Prosthodont 2019;11:16-22] PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the translucency and color changes of ceramic laminate veneers of different composition following glazing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 10 mm × 10 mm square specimens of 0.6 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses were fabricated with IPS e.max Press (EM) and IPS e.max ZirPress (ZP) (n=10 per group). The color coordinates (CIE L* a* b*) of the specimens were recorded with a colorimeter before and after glazing. The color changes and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. For the comparisons with the composition and thicknesses between the ‘not glazed’ and ‘glazed’ groups, statistical analyses were done through paired T-test, independent two-sample T-test, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 (P<.05). RESULTS. The TP of 0.6 mm EM was higher than that of 0.6 mm ZP. Total color difference (ΔE*) between bare and glazed specimens of 1.0 mm EM was greater than that of 1.0 mm ZP with statistical significance. Following glazing, specimens from all groups showed statistically significant amount of decrease in L* and a*, and statistically significant increase in b*. The result of multiple regression analysis of EM and ZP showed that ∆L* improved ∆E*. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of present study, we conclude that translucency and color of ceramic laminate veneers change significantly after glazing process, and the nature and amount of changes vary with different compositions. [ J Adv Prosthodont 2019;11:16-22]
Hyperthermal Collisions of Bromotoluene Molecular Cations at Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces
Sung-Chan Jo,Rodinei Augusti,R. Graham Cooks 사단법인 한국질량분석학회 2011 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.2 No.1
Hyperthermal ion/surface collisions of bromotoluene molecular ions were studied using perfluorinated (F-SAM) andhydroxyl-terminated (OH-SAM) self-assembled monolayer surfaces in a tandem mass spectrometer with BEEQ geometry. Theisomers were differentiated by ion abundance ratios taken from surface-induced dissociation (SID). The dissociation rate followedthe order of ortho>meta>para isomers. The peak abundance ratio of m/z 51 to m/z 65 showed the best result to discern theisomers, while the other ratios would effectively serve the same purpose as well. A dissociation channel leading to tolylium ionwas suggested to be responsible for the pronounced isomeric differentiability. The capability of SID to provide high-energy activationwith narrow internal energy distribution may have channeled the reaction into the specific dissociation pathway, also facilitatingsmall difference in reaction rates to be effective in the spectral time window of this experiment. All the molecular ions experiencedreactive collisions with the F-SAM surface leading to transhalogenation products, where a fluorine atom from the surface replacesthe bromine of the projectile. This reactive collision was dependant on the laboratory collision energy occurring in ca. 40~75 eV range.
Jo, Mi-Jeong,Chu, Yan-Hui,Back, Young-Doo,Lee, Byung-Wook,Shin, Soon-Shik,Kwon, Young-Kyu,Kim, Sang-Chan The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2008 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.22 No.4
Taraxci Herba (TH; Pogongyoung in Korean) has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The biological activity of this plant is not yet evaluated systematically. This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of TH on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Raw264.7 cells. The aim of the present work is to investigate a potential anti-inflammatory activity of TH. The Raw264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM medium for 24 h. After serum starvation for 12 h, the cells were treated with TH for 1 h, followed by stimulating NO production with LPS ($2{\mu}g/ml$). As result of this study, TH inhibited the levels of NO, PGE2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$, and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activated by LPS. These inhibitory effects were mediated though the inhibition of phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B ($I{\kappa}B$). These findings showed that TH could have some anti-inflammatory effects.
( Sang Hee An ),( Sun Young Lee ),( Sang Pyo Lee ),( Jeong Hwan Kim ),( In Kyung Sung ),( Hyung Seok Park ),( Chan Sup Shim ),( Choon Jo Jin ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: The serum titer of anti- Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody starts to increase again when reinfection occurs after a successful eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serum pepsinogen (PG) assay is effective for the diagnosis of gastric atrophy after reinfection. Methods: This study included consecutive Korean adults who had a remote H. pylorieradication therapy, but showed positive serum anti- H. pylori IgG antibody test on the day of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and serum PG test at our center. Advanced chronic atrophic gastritis on endoscopy was defi ned as either closed- or open-type atrophy. Serologic atrophy was defi ned as PG I/II ratio <3.0 and PG I level < 70 ng/ml. Results: Of the 131 subjects who fulfi lled the study inclusion criteria, 50 showed high bacterial loads (serum anti- H. pylori antibody titer =150 AU/ml) and 28 showed low bacterial loads (<50 AU/ml). The high bacterial load group showed highest PG levels and lowest PG I/II ratio (Table 1). Although serologic atrophy was more frequent in thehigh bacterial load group (p=0.034), this group showed the highest serum PG I levels (p=0.001). Conclusions: The severity of gastric atrophy cannot be assessed by serum PG assay after reinfection, as suggested by our fi nding that PG I/II ratio is inversely related to the PG I level. Higher bacterial load induces a larger increase in PG II level than PG I level due to severe infi ammatory reaction upon reinfection. Therefore, a decreased PG I/II ratio is no longer valuable for detecting serologic atrophy in the reinfected subjects after a successful H. pylori eradication.