Genome‑wide identification and molecular characterization of cysteine protease genes in rice

Marjohn C. Niño,Me‑Sun Kim,Kwon-Kyoo Kang,조용구 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Cysteine protease activity comprises the majority of proteolytic activities in plants. They are involved in almost every facet of the plant’s development. Accumulating evidence indicates multiple roles of this protease type in response to biotic and abiotic stress. To understand the regulations and functions of cysteine protease in rice, its evolutionary and structural evidence was uncovered in this study. Using MEROPS, a peptidase database, the 74 rice cysteine proteases belonging to six families were queried. Each of these families represents distinct proteolytic enzyme; C1 is a papain-like protease, C2 is a calpain- 2-type, C12 is an ubiquitinyl hydrolase-L1 enzyme, C13 is legumain, C14 is a caspase-1 type, and C15 is a pyroglutamyl peptidase 1 enzyme type. Evolutionary expansion attributed to gene duplication and diversification was particularly evident in C1 family which showed the highest number (n = 53) of members, most of which contained the highest number and most variable introns and motifs, whereas families C13, C14, and C15 had only a few members which all contained lesser number and variation of intron and motif. Out of 74 total cysteine protease gene members, 73 were globular proteins and 55 were predicted as stable proteins. Spatial expression assay of selected C1 members showed that LOC_Os01g73980 and LOC_Os05g01810 were highly expressed in the stem and leaves, while LOC_Os02g27030 was constitutively expressed in all tissues. The expression of LOC_Os01g73980 and LOC_Os05g01810 was also highly activated by salinity stress, while LOC_Os02g27030 was activated by both salinity and heat. LOC_Os05g01810 overexpression transgenic rice exhibited moderate tolerance to salinity stress, which provides interesting clues on biological functions of these genes in rice.

Rice C2-Domain Proteins Are Induced and Translocated to the Plasma Membrane in Response to a Fungal Elicitor

Kim, Cha-Young,Koo, Yoon-Duck,Jin, Jing-Bo,Moon, Byeong-Cheol,Kang, Chang-Ho,Kim, Sun-Tae,Park, Byung-Ouk,Lee, So-Young,Kim, Man-Lyang,Hwang, In-Hwan,Kang, Kyu-Young,Bahk, Jeong-Dong,Lee, Sang-Yeol,,C Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

ABSTRACT: Hundreds of proteins involved in signaling pathways contain a Ca^(2+)-dependent membrane-binding motif called the C2-domain. However, no small C2-domain proteins consisting of a single C2-domain have been reported in animal cells. We have isolated two cDNA clones, OsERG1a and OsERGIb, that encode two small C2-domain proteins of 156 and 159 amino acids, respectively, from a fungal elicitor-treated rice cDNA library. The clones are believed to have originated from a single gene by alternative splicing. Transcript levels of the OsERG1 gene are dramatically elvated by a fungal elicitor prepared from Magnaporthe grisea or by Ca^(2+) ions. The OsERG1 protein produced in Escherichia coli binds to phospholipid vesicles in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner and is translocated to the plasma membrane of plant cells by treatment with either a fungal elicitor of a Ca^(2+)-ionophore. These results suggest that OsERG1 proteins containing a single C2-domain are involved in plant defense signaling systems.

Valorization of lignocellulosic fibres of paper waste into levulinic acid using solid and aqueous Brønsted acid

Chen, Season S.,Wang, Lei,Yu, Iris K.M.,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Hunt, Andrew J.,Jé,rô,me, Franç,ois,Zhang, Shicheng,Ok, Yong Sik,Poon, Chi Sun Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.247 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aims to produce levulinic acid (LA) from paper towel waste in environment-friendly and economically feasible conditions, and evaluate the difference using solid and aqueous Brønsted acids. Direct dehydration of glucose to LA required sufficiently strong Brønsted acidity, where Amberlyst 36 demonstrated rapid production of approximately 30Cmol% of LA in 20min. However, the maximum yield of LA was limited by mass transfer. In contrast, the yield of LA gradually increased to over 40Cmol% in 1M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> at 150°C in 60min. The SEM images revealed the conversion in dilute acids under microwave at 150°C resulting in swelling structures of cellulose, which were similar to the pre-treatment process with concentrated acids. Further increase in reaction temperature to 200°C significantly shortened the reaction time from 60 to 2.5min, which saved the energy cost as revealed in preliminary cost analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 30% of levulinic acid (LA) yielded from paper towel over Amberlyst 36 in 20min. </LI> <LI> Maximum yield of LA was comparable using dilute sulphuric acid at 150 and 200°C. </LI> <LI> Cellulose underwent swelling in dilute acid with microwave heating at 150°C. </LI> <LI> Conversion at 200°C shortened reaction time and reduced total energy consumption. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Phosphorylation of c-Jun in Avian and Mammalian Motoneurons In Vivo during Programmed Cell Death: An Early Reversible Event in the Apoptotic Cascade

Sun, W.,Gould, T. W.,Newbern, J.,Milligan, C.,Choi, S. Y.,Kim, H.,Oppenheim, R. W. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2005 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.25 No.23

Self-standing and shape-memorable UV-curing epoxy polymers for three-dimensional (3D) continuous-filament printing

Sun, H.,Kim, Y.,Kim, Y. C.,Park, I. K.,Suhr, J.,Byun, D.,Choi, H. R.,Kuk, K.,Baek, O. H.,Jung, Y. K.,Choi, H. J.,Kim, K. J.,Nam, J. D. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for o Vol.6 No.12

<P>In the development of three-dimensional printable materials for high-speed and high-resolution printing, UV-curing polymers can guarantee fast and precise printing of high performance load-bearing structures, but the injected drops of the monomers tend to spread over the substrates due to their low viscosity. In this study, we imposed the self-standing and shape-memorable capability of an epoxy acrylate (EA) monomer to ensure continuous filamentary 3D printing while maintaining its low viscosity nature. Using octadecanamide (ODA) with EA, strong hydrogen-bond networks (−N−H⋯OC−, −N−CO⋯H-O-, -N-H⋯N-) were additionally achieved in the material system and the developed material distinctively exhibited rheological duality at different processing stages: a low-viscosity liquid-like behavior (viscosity of ∼50 Pa) while passing through the nozzle and a self-standing solid-like behavior (static yield stress of ∼364 Pa) right after being printed. This reversible liquid-to-solid transitional capability was quantified by viscoelastic complex moduli provided a dynamic yield stress (<I>τ</I>y,G) of 210 Pa corresponding to the upright stacking up to ∼3.2 cm (3 wt% of ODA). The time (<I>t</I>y,G) required for conformational rearrangement was evaluated to be as fast as ∼10<SUP>−2</SUP> s. After UV curing, the 3D printed layers exhibited no air pockets or weld lines at the stacked interfaces, which could guarantee excellent mechanical performance and structural integrity.</P>

Ku Autoantigen Affects the Susceptibility to Anticancer Drugs

Kim, Sun Hee,Kim, Dooha,Han, Jeong Sil,Jeong, Choon Sik,Chung, Byung Seon,Kang, Chi Dug,Li, Gloria C. 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1999 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.15 No.-

The Ku70/80 autoantigens (Ku) are the DNA-binding componints of a DNA-dependent protein kinase (PK) involved in DNA double strand breaks repairing a V(D)J recombination. Because apoptosis is associated is associated with DNA fragmentation and, consequently, creation of double strand breaks, and a variety of DNA-damaging drugs kill tumor cells by apoptosis, we tested the impact of Ku deficiency on the sensitivity of anticancer drugs. Ku-null mutant cell lines Ku70^-1- and Ku80^-1- were highly sensitive to anticancer drugs, compared with their wild-type cells. Ku-deficient cells were more sensitive to bleomycin-induced DNA fragmentation and exhibited a higher level of c-jun NH_2-kinase/stress-activated PK activity than wild-type cells, whereas R7080-6 cells overexpressing both human Ku70 and Ku80 were resistant to bleomycin-induced apoptosis and exhibited a lower level of c-Jun NH_2-kinase/stress-activated PK activity. The Ku-protein level and Ku DNA binding activity were decreased after treatment with bleomycin, adriamycin, or vincristine, and the decreases were blocked by the treatment of z-DEVD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, suggesting that loss of Ku DNA binding is, in part, due to a binding activity was increased by the treatment of these anticancer drugs and, subsequently, mitochondrial heat shock protein HSP75 was speciflcally induced. Our data suggest that Ku can affect the susceptibility to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis.

Fibrillin-1 Gene Analysis of Korean Patients With Spontaneous CSF Hypovolemia

Chung, Sun J.,Ki, Chang-Seok,Lee, Myoung C.,Lee, Jae-Hong Blackwell Publishing Inc 2007 Headache Vol.47 No.1

<P>Background.—Mutations in different domains of the Fibrillin-1 (<I>FBN1</I>) gene may be responsible for the variable phenotypic expression of Marfan's syndrome that may present with CSF hypovolemia.</P><P>Objectives.—To evaluate the association between mutations in the Fibrillin-1 (<I>FBN1</I>) gene and spontaneous CSF hypovolemia (SCH) in a Korean population.</P><P>Methods.—We studied 10 consecutive patients with SCH without clinical characteristics of Marfan's syndrome. The genetic analysis was performed.</P><P>Results.—Direct sequencing analysis of the <I>FBN1</I> gene identified 15 genetic variations, of which 5 coding (3 synonymous, 2 nonsynonymous) and 8 intronic variations were listed in the single nucleotide polymorphism database (dbSNP). The other 2 variations, c.2728 – 12T > C in intron 21 and c.4582 – 19A > G in intron 35, were also observed in normal controls with estimated frequencies of 0.06 and 0.15, respectively.</P><P>Conclusions.—We could not identify any <I>FBN1</I> variations possibly associated with SCH in our study population.</P>

Enhanced mixed potential NO_x gas response performance of surface modified and NiO nanoparticles infiltrated solid-state electrochemical-based NiO-YSZ composite sensing electrodes

Balamurugan, C.,Son, Chanjin,Hong, Jaewoon,Song, Sun-Ju Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.262 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have designed the solid-state electrochemical mixed potential type NiO and yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite based sensing electrode for selective detection of NO<SUB>x</SUB> at elevated temperatures. The planner NiO-YSZ composite sensing electrode could detect NO<SUB>x</SUB> even at 400 °C, with acceptable response/recovery rates. The change in emf values of the sensor varied linearly with NO<SUB>x</SUB> concentrations on a logarithmic scale in the range of 5–100 ppm. The response characteristic of the sensor was improved by modifying the surface with different vol% of pore former. As a result, obtained porous electrodes showed better response characteristics concerning speed and response owing to higher porosity. To improve response kinetics of porous NiO-YSZ electrode, NiO nanoparticles are infiltrated into an optimized NiO-YSZ sensing electrode surface by controlled urea/cation infiltration method. The experimental results demonstrated that NiO nanoparticles infiltrated NiO-YSZ sensor electrode reveal remarkably high emf response to NO<SUB>x</SUB> compared that of planar electrode, suggesting that NiO nanoparticles introduction can significantly enhance catalytic activity and electrochemical performance of NiO-YSZ electrode. Finally, the porosity effect of electrode subtracts (YSZ) with NO<SUB>x</SUB> gases response and recovery kinetics was examined under the optimum operating temperature at 400 °C. The sensing mechanism based on the mixed potential for the surface modified NiO-YSZ composite sensing electrode was discussed based on the obtained result of sensing characterizations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The detailed NO<SUB>x</SUB> gas sensing characteristics of NiO-YSZ based three different types of mixed potential sensing electrodes for the comparatively low operating temperature of 400 °C. </LI> <LI> Optimized NiO-YSZ electrode surface was modified by the addition of different vol% of pore former, it showed better response characteristics concerning speed and response. </LI> <LI> The NiO nanoparticles infiltrated NiO-YSZ sensing electrode shows a remarkably high emf variation to 100 ppm NO<SUB>x</SUB>, and it can detect a level as low as 3 ppm. </LI> <LI> The porosity effect of electrode subtracts (YSZ) with NO<SUB>x</SUB> gases response and recovery kinetics was also examined under the optimum operating temperature at 400 °C. </LI> </UL> </P>

Water as an Oxygen Source: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity Studies of a Mononuclear Nonheme Manganese(IV) Oxo Complex

Sawant, Sarvesh C.,Wu, Xiujuan,Cho, Jaeheung,Cho, Kyung‐,Bin,Kim, Sun Hee,Seo, Mi Sook,Lee, Yong‐,Min,Kubo, Minoru,Ogura, Takashi,Shaik, Sason,Nam, Wonwoo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Angewandte Chemie Vol.122 No.44

<P><B>Kontrollierte Herkunft</B>: Experimente mit isotopenmarkiertem Wasser lassen keinen Zweifel an der Quelle von Sauerstoff in einem Nicht‐Häm‐Mangan(IV)‐Oxo‐Komplex. Der mit Wasser als Sauerstoffquelle und einem Cer(IV)‐Oxidationsmittel gebildete Komplex (siehe Bild) aktiviert C‐H‐Bindungen von Alkylarenen und oxidiert aromatische Substrate (Sub) sowie Benzylalkohol.</P>

Chemical Cartography. I. A Carbonicity Map of the Galactic Halo

Lee, Young Sun,Beers, Timothy C.,Kim, Young Kwang,Placco, Vinicius,Yoon, Jinmi,Carollo, Daniela,Masseron, Thomas,Jung, Jaehun American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.836 No.1

<P>We present the first map of carbonicity, [C/Fe], for the halo system of the Milky Way, based on a sample of over 100,000 main-sequence turnoff stars with available spectroscopy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This map, which explores distances up to 15 kpc from the Sun, reveals clear evidence for the dual nature of the Galactic halo, based on the spatial distribution of stellar carbonicity. The metallicity distribution functions of stars in the inner-and outer-halo regions of the carbonicity map reproduce those previously argued to arise from contributions of the inner-and outer-halo populations, with peaks at [Fe/H] = -1.5 and -2.2, respectively. From consideration of the absolute carbon abundances for our sample, A(C), we also confirm that the carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in the outer- halo region exhibit a higher frequency of CEMP-no stars (those with no overabundances of heavy neutron-capture elements) than of CEMP-s stars (those with strong overabundances of elements associated with the s-process), whereas the stars in the inner-halo region exhibit a higher frequency of CEMP-s stars. We argue that the contrast in the behavior of the CEMP-no and CEMP-s fractions in these regions arises from differences in the mass distributions of the mini-halos from which the stars of the inner- and outer-halo populations formed, which gives rise in turn to the observed dichotomy of the Galactic halo.</P>