Nitrogen Recovery and Storage: Separation and Recovery of Nitrous Oxide Generated from Wastewater Treatment Processes

( Sudheer Kumar Shukla ),( Tuan Van Doan ),( Jangho Lee ),( Joonhong Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

Conventionally Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is considered as a harmful gas, contributing to the ozone layer depletion and to the greenhouse effect (310 and 21 times more powerful than CO₂ and CH₄, respectively). At present global warming mitigation cost for N₂O is 3600 USD/ton (at the rate of 12 USD/ton CO₂), (EPA 2011; EESI, 2012; Science daily, 2008). However, N₂O is a powerful oxidant in combustion reactions. It is commonly used to supercharge the engines of high performance vehicles (i.e. “Nitrox”) and as an oxidant in hybrid rocket motors in the aerospace industry. But it is very costly resource and the current N₂O selling cost is 18000-20000 USD/ton, approximate. Wastewater treatment sector is one of the significant contributors to N₂O generation. In the wastewater treatment emission N₂O is emitted with CO₂ and CH₄. Researchers are trying to enhance N₂O production during N2 removal these days. In our previous study we introduced a new nitrogen removal strategy from waste water, that exploits the thermodynamic properties of N₂O for energy recovery (Scherson et al. 2013). But to make N₂O usable, it should be free from other impurities especially from CO₂ and also should be at significantly high concentration. In spite of several studies N₂O and CO₂ separation is still a challenge. Because N₂O and CO₂ exhibit almost similar physical and chemical properties, that is why separation is very difficult. Even people have been using N₂O to study CO₂ properties to use their similarities (Anthony et al. 2005; Revelli et al. 2010; Sema et al. 2011). There have been several attempts made to separate N₂O and CO₂ (Hughes and Jiang 1995; Saha and Deng 2010; Shiflett et al. 2011; Saha et al. 2010) but none of them got any significant success in separating N₂O and CO₂. We used batch mode method for this study. Glass flask was used as a reactor, amine and hydroxide based solutions from sigma chemicals were used as absorbents. Operating conditions were standard temperature and pressure (STP). Six concentrations i.e. 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 percent (w/w) were used for hydroxide based solution and 20 and 30% for amine solution. Reaction time was 60 minutes for each experiment, stirrer speed 180rpm. 99.9 % percent CO₂ and N₂O gas were used in 1:1 ratio. Gas Chromatograph (hp5890 model) was used to detect CO₂ and N₂O. We took gas samples at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 60 minutes interval to observe the absorption trends. Selectivity for CO₂ in the hydroxide solution was found to be more than N₂O gas. Amine solution absorbed CO₂ and N₂O both but it also preferred CO₂ more in comparison to N₂O. In the hydroxide solution case CO₂ absorption is increasing with time up to 20-30 minutes reaction time but it start releasing after 30 minutes. After 20 minute it hydroxide solution starts absorbing N₂O also. So, we can collect N₂O in the headspace at around 20 minutes. We can recover around 80 to 90% N₂O at/before 20 minutes reaction time. In amine case results were not very encouraging but it also preferred CO₂ over N₂O in the same reaction conditions. It can be concluded that N₂O can be separated from CO₂ using hydroxide absorption, while amine is not suitable for N₂O and CO₂ separation, which is also mentioned in the previous studies (Saha et al. 2010; Shiflett et al. 2011). Proposed method could be used to separate N₂O and CO₂ generated during various wastewater treatment process. As per our knowledge this is first study which reports N₂O and CO₂ separation using chemical absorption. This research will help our society in two ways; one hand it will help in minimizing global warming mitigation cost (present N₂O mitigation cost: 3600 USD/ton @ 12 USD/ton CO₂), in the other hand it will help in compensating current N₂O selling cost, (18000-20000 USD/ton, approximate).

흡수제를 이용한 아산화질소와 이산화탄소의 분리

( Sudheer Kumar Shukla ),( Tuan Van Doan ),( Jang Ho Lee ),( Joon Hong Park ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2014 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.-

Serum albumin is the strongest predictor of anti-tumor necrosis factor nonresponse in inflammatory bowel disease in resource-constrained regions lacking therapeutic drug monitoring

Peeyush Kumar,Sudheer K. Vuyyuru,Prasenjit Das,Bhaskar Kante,Mukesh Kumar Ranjan,David Mathew Thomas,Sandeep Mundhra,Pabitra Sahu,Pratap Mouli Venigalla,Saransh Jain,Sandeep Goyal,Rithvik Golla,Shubi 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.4

Background/Aims: Evidence on predictors of primary nonresponse (PNR), and secondary loss of response (SLR) to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in inflammatory bowel disease is scarce from Asia. We evaluated clinical/biochemical/molecular markers of PNR/SLR in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).Methods: Inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF agents (January 2005–October 2020) were ambispectively included. Data concerning clinical and biochemical predictors was retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Immunohistochemistry for expression of oncostatin M (OSM), OSM receptor (OSM-R), and interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) were done on pre anti-TNF initiation mucosal biopsies.Results: One-hundred eighty-six patients (118 CD, 68 UC: mean age, 34.1±13.7 years; median disease duration at anti-TNF initiation, 60 months; interquartile range, 28–100.5 months) were included. PNR was seen in 17% and 26.5% and SLR in 47% and 28% CD and UC patients, respectively. In CD, predictors of PNR were low albumin (<i>P</i><0.001), postoperative recurrence (<i>P</i>=0.001) and high IL-7R expression (<i>P</i><0.027) on univariate; and low albumin alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.28; <i>P</i><0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively. Low albumin (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15–0.62; <i>P</i>=0.001) also predicted SLR. In UC, predictors of PNR were low albumin (<i>P</i><0.001), and high C-reactive protein (<i>P</i><0.001), OSM (<i>P</i><0.04) and OSM-R (P=0.07) stromal expression on univariate; and low albumin alone (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.39; <i>P</i>=0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively. Conclusions: Low serum albumin at baseline significantly predicted PNR in UC and PNR/SLR in CD patients. Mucosal markers of PNR were high stromal OSM/OSM-R in UC and high IL-7R in CD patients.

Correlation of fecal calprotectin and patient-reported outcome measures in patients with ulcerative colitis

( Nagesh Kamat ),( Sudheer K Vuyyuru ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Pabitra Sahu ),( Bhaskar Kante ),( Peeyush Kumar ),( Mukesh Kumar Ranjan ),( Mukesh Kumar Singh ),( Sambuddha Kumar ),( Vikas Sachdev ),( Gov 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.2

Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using Marine Isolate Streptomyces albidoflavus

( Prakasham Reddy Shetty ),( Buddana Sudheer Kumar ),( Yannam Sudheer Kumar ),( Guntuku Girija Shankar ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.5

Silver nanoparticles production by the green chemistry approach was investigated using an isolated marine actinomycetes strain. The isolated strain was identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus based on chemotaxonomic and ribotyping properties. The strain revealed production of silver nanoparticles both extracellular and intracellularly. Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis with the function of time revealed that particle synthesis by this strain is reaction time dependent. The produced particles were spherical shaped and monodispersive in nature and showed a single surface plasmon resonance peak at 410 nm. Size distribution histograms indicated production of 10-40- nm-size nanoparticles with a mean size of 14.5 nm. FT-IR spectra of nanopartilces showed N-H, C-H, and C-N stretching vibrations, denoting the presence of amino acid/ peptide compounds on the surface of silver nanoparticles produced by S. albidoflavus. Synthesized nanoparticles revealed a mean negative zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility of -8.5 mV and -0.000066 cm2/Vs, respectively. The nanoparticles produced were proteinaceous compounds as capping agents with -8.5 mV zeta potential and revealed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacterial strains. Owing to their small size, these particles have greater impact on industrial application spectra.

Comparative Response of Callus and Seedling of Jatropha curcas L. to Salinity Stress

Kumar, Nitish,Kaur, Meenakshi,Pamidimarri, D.V.N. Sudheer,Boricha, Girish,Reddy, Muppala P. Institute of Forest Science 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.2

Jatropha curcas L. is an oil bearing species with many uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel crop. Salt stress effect on growth, ion accumulation, contents of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity was determined in callus and seedling to understand the salt tolerance of the species. Exposure of callus and seedling to salt stress reduced growth in a concentration dependent manner. Under salt stress Na content increased significantly in both callus and seedling whereas, differential accumulation in the contents of K, Ca, and Mg was observed in callus and seedling. Soluble protein content differed significantly in callus as compared to seedling, however proline accumulation remained more or less constant with treatments. The proline concentration was ~2 to 3 times more in callus than in seedling. Salt stress induced qualitative and quantitative differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7) in callus and seedling. Salt induced changes of the recorded parameters were discussed in relation to salinity tolerance.

Comparative Response of Callus and Seedling of Jatropha curcas L. to Salinity Stress

Nitish Kumar,Meenakshi Kaur,D.V.N. Sudheer Pamidimarri,Girish Boricha,Muppala P. Reddy 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.2

Jatropha curcas L. is an oil bearing species with many uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel crop. Salt stress effect on growth, ion accumulation, contents of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity was determined in callus and seedling to understand the salt tolerance of the species. Exposure of callus and seedling to salt stress reduced growth in a concentration dependent manner. Under salt stress Na content increased significantly in both callus and seedling whereas, differential accumulation in the contents of K, Ca, and Mg was observed in callus and seedling. Soluble protein content differed significantly in callus as compared to seedling, however proline accumulation remained more or less constant with treatments. The proline concentration was ~2 to 3 times more in callus than in seedling. Salt stress induced qualitative and quantitative differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7) in callus and seedling. Salt induced changes of the recorded parameters were discussed in relation to salinity tolerance.

Discriminatory ability of cervical vertebral maturation stages in predicting attainment of the legal age threshold of 14 years: A pilot study using lateral cephalograms

Thirupathi Reddy Banda,Anil Kumar Komuravelli,Sudheer B. Balla,Bala Raju Korrai,Kavya Alluri,Jayasurya Kondapaneni,Sourab Abhyankar 대한영상치의학회 2020 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.50 No.3

Purpose: In India, the age of 14 years is the legal age threshold for child labour. Therefore, in suspected instances of child labour, age assessment plays a crucial role in determining whether a violation of the law on the employment of children has occurred. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess the discriminatory ability of stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) in predicting the legal age threshold of 14 years. Materials and Methods: Routinely taken lateral cephalograms from 408 subjects aged 10 to 18 years were evaluated retrospectively using the CVM stages described by Baccetti et al. Descriptive statistics, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for stages 2, 3, and 4 of CVM. Results: Real age increased as the CVM stage gradually increased. The results of 2×2 contingency tables showed that CVM stage 4 produced an accuracy of 71% and 73%, a false positive rate of 7% and 18%, and a post-test probability of 59% and 68% for boys and girls, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the stages of CVM are of limited use for predicting the attainment of the legal age threshold of 14 years. Future studies should investigate whether combinations of skeletal and dental methods could achieve better accuracy and post-test probability.

Decision tree-based data mining and rule induction for identifying hydrogeological parameters that influence groundwater pollution sensitivity

Yoo, Keunje,Shukla, Sudheer Kumar,Ahn, Jae Joon,Oh, Kyungjoo,Park, Joonhong Elsevier 2016 Journal of Cleaner Production Vol.122 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aims to develop a new field-based approach that can estimate patterns of groundwater pollution sensitivity using data mining algorithms. Hydrogeological and pollution sensitivity data were collected from the Woosan Industrial Complex, Korea, which is a site contaminated by trichloroethylene (TCE). The proposed data mining algorithm procedure uses seven hydrogeological properties as input variables: depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, vadose zone media, and hydraulic conductivity. The observed TCE sensitivity was used as the target data. Initially, four data mining algorithms artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree (DT), case-based reasoning (CBR), and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) were tested. We found that the DT-based data mining and rule induction method shows better prediction accuracy and consistency than the other methods. We also used the ordinal pairwise partitioning (OPP) algorithm to improve the accuracy and consistency of the DT model. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis of the OPP-DT model indicated that the net recharge (R), soil media (S), and aquifer media (A) were the major hydrogeological factors that influence groundwater sensitivity to TCE at the site. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed model can provide more accurate and consistent estimates of groundwater vulnerability to TCE compared to the existing models.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We use data mining method to estimate groundwater pollution vulnerability. </LI> <LI> Applicability is measured using trichloroethylene and hydrogeological data. </LI> <LI> Proposed method shows better correlation between input and target variables. </LI> <LI> Proposed model can be used to predict groundwater vulnerability at unmeasured points. </LI> <LI> Proposed method could be used in decision making process for environmental projects. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Characterising the dynamic seals used in absorber rod drive mechanisms in Indian FBR

Kaushal, Nihal,Patri, Sudheer,Kumar, R. Suresh,Meikandamurthy, C.,Sreedhar, B.K.,Murugan, S.,Raghupathy, S. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.10

Dynamic seals are one of the critical components of Absorber Rod Drive Mechanism of Fast Breeder Reactors, requiring separate experimental development. Their significance can't be overemphasized considering that the availability and re-usability of Control Rod Drive Mechanisms of Fast Breeder Test Reactor is governed by the failure rate of dynamic seals (bellows). For prototype and subsequent Fast Breeder Reactors in India, choice of the dynamic seal is changed to an in-house designed & developed labyrinth type V-ring seal. The present work is related to the numerical investigations carried out to gain insights into the sealing mechanism and the thermal behaviour of these seals. The results indicate that the seal geometry is very important for obtaining optimum performance. By changing the geometry of the present seal, performance enhancement by more than 50% in important indices is obtained. Further, the results point out that caution shall be exercised when the seal material & its operating temperature are changed. Also, the numerical model developed in this study will be useful for developing more robust dynamic seals in future.