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CUSUM of Squares-Based Tests for a Change in Persistence
Leybourne, Stephen,Taylor, Robert,Kim, Tae-Hwan Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 Journal of time series analysis Vol.28 No.3
<P>Abstract. </P><P>Using standardized cumulative sums of squared sub-sample residuals, we propose a new ratio-based test of the null hypothesis that a time series exhibits no change in its persistence structure [specifically that it displays constant <I>I</I>(1) behaviour] against the alternative of a change in persistence from trend stationarity to difference stationarity, or vice versa. Neither the direction nor location of any possible change under the alternative hypothesis need be assumed known. A key feature of our proposed test which distinguishes it from extant tests for persistence change [certain of which test the null hypothesis of constant <I>I</I>(0) behaviour while others, like our proposed test, test the null hypothesis of constant <I>I</I>(1) behaviour] is that it displays no tendency to spuriously over-reject when applied to series which, although not constant <I>I</I>(1) series, do not display a change in persistence [specifically are constant <I>I</I>(0) processes]. Moreover, where our ratio test correctly rejects the null of no persistence change, the tail in which the rejection occurs can also be used to identify the direction of change since, even in relatively small samples, the test almost never rejects in the right [left] tail when there is a change from <I>I</I>(0) to <I>I</I>(1) [<I>I</I>(1) to <I>I</I>(0)]. Again this useful property is not shared by existing tests. As a by-product of our analysis, we also propose breakpoint estimators which are consistent where the timing of the change in persistence is unknown.</P>
Cessna, Stephen G.,Kim, Jitae,Taylor, Ann T.S. 한국식물학회 2003 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.46 No.4
The oxidative burst, the rapid production of O₂- and H₂O₂ by plant cells in response to pathogens and stressors, is a critical step in plant disease resistance and is controlled by several different elicitor-initiated signaling pathways. While different defense elicitors appear to activate disparate initial steps in signaling the oxidative burst, all of the elicitors tested thus far appear to stimulate pathways that converge on the same three core signaling intermediates: 1) the Ca^(2+)-independent activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family member, 2) the influx of Ca^(2+) into the cytosol, deriving most critically from an internal compartment, and 3) the Ca^(2+)-dependent activation of additional protein kinases including a second MAPK homologue and possibly calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). Data from several recent reports are summarized to place these signaling events into a complete and updated model of signaling to the plant oxidative burst.
Akiko Yorimitsu,Stephen Houghton,Myra Taylor 서울대학교 교육연구소 2014 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.15 No.3
The esteem historically attributed to the teaching profession in Japan is eroding, and some Japanese teachers who identify with the ideal of being a ‘life educator’ are becoming disillusioned with teaching. While the stress and anxiety associated with teacher disillusionment have been researched from a Western perspective, little is known about the work-related stress and anxiety experiences of Japanese teachers. Thus, this grounded theory qualitatively details the teaching experiences of 14 Japanese high school teachers. The findings reveal that whereas only two teachers within the present study had actually achieved a ‘space in their heart’ where they were able to create a balance between the negative and positive forces operating within their teaching careers and home lives, this was a position that many other teachers strove toward.
Omar Tanweer,Stephen P. Kalhorn,Jamaal T. Snell,Taylor A. Wilson,Bryan A. Lieber,Nitin Agarwal,Paul P. Huang,Kenneth M. Sutin 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2015 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.17 No.4
Intracranial hypotension (IH) can occur following lumbar drainage for clipping of an intracranial aneurysm. We observed 3 cases of IH, which were all successfully treated by epidural blood patch (EBP). Herein, the authors report our cases.
Thomas Gray,John Money-Taylor,Weiguang Li,Andrew G Farkas,Patrick C. Campbell,Stephen C. Radley 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2019 International Neurourology Journal Vol.23 No.2
Purpose: Obesity is a significant risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), but the effects of obesity on outcomes of surgery for POP are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between POP symptomatology, subjective outcomes of surgery and body mass index (BMI) in women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy for POP. Methods: Pre- and postoperative data from a validated pelvic floor questionnaire (electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire- Pelvic Floor) were collected prospectively from 60 women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy for POP. Of these, 20 were normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 20 were overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and 20 were women with obesity (BMI 30– 34.9 kg/m2). The relationship between BMI and symptom scores for prolapse, impact on vaginal symptoms on quality of life (VS-QoL) and ‘overall change in condition’ was assessed. Pre- and postoperative symptom scores were compared using repeated mixed analysis of variance test for BMI as a categorical variable (normal, overweight, and obese). Spearman rank order correlation test was carried out to evaluate BMI as a continuous variable. All women underwent vaginal hysterectomy using a standardized technique. Results: Overall, 93% of women reported improvement in their condition. The main finding was that ‘overall change in condition’ was negatively correlated with increasing BMI (rs=-0.324, P=0.028). Irrespective of BMI, significant improvements were observed in symptoms of prolapse and VS-QoL at 3-month postoperation. Conclusions: With increasing BMI, women are likely to report lower levels of satisfaction following prolapse surgery, despite reporting equivalent improvements in symptoms. BMI is known to affect how individuals perceive their general health and well-being with obese individuals reporting poorer levels of subjective health status. Women with obesity may perceive change in their condition after prolapse surgery differently to women of normal weight. Reduction of weight prior to prolapse surgery could be considered in obese women to improve subjective outcomes of surgery.
Fong, James,Gyaneshwar, Rajaneshwar,Lin, Sophia,Morrell, Stephen,Taylor, Richard,Brassil, Ann,Stuart, Anne,McGowan, Catherine Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of VIA screening with cryotherapy and to record normative values for indicators anticipated in similar low resource settings. Women aged 30-49 years were targeted, resulting in 1961 women screened and treated at two primary health care (PHC) centres near Suva, Fiji. Recruitment was through provision of information, education and communication (IEC). Referrals to a gynaecology outpatient department (OPD) at a referral hospital occurred throughout the screening pathway. Participation was 32% (95%CI 31-33%), higher in iTaukei (Melanesians) women (34%, 95%CI 33-36) compared to Fijians of Indian descent (26%, 95%CI 24-28). Regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, indicated significantly lower participation in those of Indian descent, and age groups 35-39 and 45-49 years. Of those examined by VIA, 190 were positive with aceto-white lesions (9.9%), within the expected range of 8-15%, with minor geographic and ethnic variation. Positive VIA results were more common in the peri-urban area, and in those aged 35-39 years. Of women aged 30-49 years, 59 received cryotherapy (none of whom had significant complications), 91 were referred to OPD, two cervical carcinomas were identified and eight cervical intra-epithelial neoplasms (CIN) II-III were diagnosed. These results provide normative findings from a community-based VIA screening program for other similar low resource settings.
Radiation testing of low cost, commercial off the shelf microcontroller board
Fried, Tomas,Di Buono, Antonio,Cheneler, David,Cockbain, Neil,Dodds, Jonathan M.,Green, Peter R.,Lennox, Barry,Taylor, C. James,Monk, Stephen D. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.10
The impact of gamma radiation on a commercial off the shelf microcontroller board has been investigated. Three different tests have been performed to ascertain the radiation tolerance of the device from a nuclear decommissioning deployment perspective. The first test analyses the effect of radiation on the output voltage of the on-board voltage regulator during irradiation. The second test evaluated the effect of gamma radiation on the voltage characteristics of analogue and digital inputs and outputs. The final test analyses the functionality of the microcontroller when using an external, shielded voltage regulator instead of the on-board voltage regulator. The results suggest that a series of latch-ups occurs in the microcontroller during irradiation, causing increased current drain which can damage the voltage regulator if it does not have short-circuit protection. The analogue to digital conversion functionality appears to be more sensitive to gamma radiation than digital and analogue output functionality. Using an external, shielded voltage regulator can prove beneficial when used for certain applications. The collected data suggests that detaching the voltage regulator can extend the lifespan of the platform up to approximately 350 Gy.
Miao Cui,Qinglei Bu,Yutao Cai,Ruize Sun,Wen Liu,Huiqing Wen,Sang Lam,Yung. C. Liang,Ivona Z. Mitrovic,Stephen Taylor,Paul R. Chalker,Cezhou Zhao 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
This study proposed a 100 kHz, 5V/11V boost converter with an integrated gate driver for a power switching device using recessed E-mode MIS-HFETs. The integrated gate driver consisting of multi-stages DCFL (Direct-Coupled FET Logic) inverters and a buffer stage, has large input swing (up to 10 V) and wide noise margin with gate dielectric, which benefits applications requiring large gate swing without any additional drivers or level shifters. The impact of transistor size on rise times and fall times have been studied. Either buffer stage or larger width of DCFL inverter can reduce rise times from 2.4 μs to less than 0.5 μs at 100 kHz, so the output voltage of boost converter is increased by 10 % at a duty cycle of 0.7. However, large buffer width can result in high gate overshoot and oscillation, indicating careful design to balance switching speed and oscillation.