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Habermas and Mouffe on the Question of Rationalization
Aidan M. Sprague-Rice 한국분석철학회 2014 철학적 분석 Vol.0 No.31
Chantalle Mouffe has made two interesting arguments against the desirability of social rationalization. The first is that the political project of supporting the development of a rationalized society produces a motivation challenge that renders the project difficult to accomplish. Social movements concerned with bringing about a more just world, then, ought not to understand their project as primarily directed toward making the world more rational. The second is that, if a fully rationalized society ever were achieved, it would be prone to violence. In this paper I use the theory of communicative action, developed by Jurgen Habermas, to rebut Mouffe’s claims. When we theorize rationality as communicative action instead of instrumental rationality, we come to see that neither the motivation challenge nor the argument from violence can stand as compelling arguments against the desirability of social rationalization.
The Urine Microbiome of Healthy Men and Women Differs by Urine Collection Method
Hans G. Pohl,Suzanne L. Groah,Marcos Pérez-Losada,Inger Ljungberg,Bruce M. Sprague,Bruce M. Sprague,Neel Chandal,Ljubica Caldovic,Michael Hsieh 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2020 International Neurourology Journal Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: Compared to the microbiome of other body sites, the urinary microbiome remains poorly understood. Although noninvasive voided urine specimens are convenient, contamination by urethral microbiota may confound understanding of the bladder microbiome. Herein we compared the voiding- versus catheterization-associated urine microbiome of healthy men and women. Methods: An asymptomatic, healthy cohort of 6 women and 14 men underwent midstream urine collection, followed by sterile catheterization of the bladder after bladder refilling. Urine samples underwent urine dipstick testing and conventional microscopy and urine cultures. Samples also underwent Illumina MiSeq-based 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing. Results: All organisms identified by urine culture were also identified by 16S amplification; however, next-generation sequencing (NGS) also detected bacteria not identified by cultivation. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were the most abundant species. Abundances of the 9 predominant bacterial genera differed between the urethra and bladder. Voided and catheterized microbiomes share all dominant (>1%) genera and Operational Taxonomic Units but in similar or different proportions. Hence, urethra and bladder microbiomes do not differ in taxonomic composition, but rather in taxonomic structure. Women had higher abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella than men. Conclusions: Our findings lend credence to the hypothesis that Lactobacilli are important members of the healthy urine microbiome. Our data also suggest that the microbiomes of the urethra and bladder differ from one another. In conclusion, urine collection method results in different 16S-based NGS data, likely due to the sensitivity of NGS methods enabling detection of urethral bacteria present in voided but not catheterized urine specimens.
Activity-dependent silencing reveals functionally distinct itch-generating sensory neurons
Roberson, David P,Gudes, Sagi,Sprague, Jared M,Patoski, Haley A W,Robson, Victoria K,Blasl, Felix,Duan, Bo,Oh, Seog Bae,Bean, Bruce P,Ma, Qiufu,Binshtok, Alexander M,Woolf, Clifford J Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.7
The peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons detect histamine and non-histamine itch-provoking ligands through molecularly distinct transduction mechanisms. It remains unclear, however, whether these distinct pruritogens activate the same or different afferent fibers. Using a strategy of reversibly silencing specific subsets of murine pruritogen-sensitive sensory axons by targeted delivery of a charged sodium-channel blocker, we found that functional blockade of histamine itch did not affect the itch evoked by chloroquine or SLIGRL-NH2, and vice versa. Notably, blocking itch-generating fibers did not reduce pain-associated behavior. However, silencing TRPV1<SUP>+</SUP> or TRPA1<SUP>+</SUP> neurons allowed allyl isothiocyanate or capsaicin, respectively, to evoke itch, implying that certain peripheral afferents may normally indirectly inhibit algogens from eliciting itch. These findings support the presence of functionally distinct sets of itch-generating neurons and suggest that targeted silencing of activated sensory fibers may represent a clinically useful anti-pruritic therapeutic approach for histaminergic and non-histaminergic pruritus.
Ronald L. Skaggs,Joseph G.Sprague,George J.Mann,최광석 한국의료복지시설학회 1998 의료·복지 건축 Vol.4 No.6
Recently, health care facilities has been rapidly reformed. This reformation has been so pervasive that even the newest hospital is rapidly becoming obsolete. Since the health care field is continually evolving, architecture for health must be adapted to the new environments. Today, a society with the emphasis on the broader, interactive scope of grobal markets and grobal communications, pursues the health network as the next step in evolution of health care facilities. Therefore, architectural firms will be forced to develop new skills, services, emphases, and organizational structures in order to respond to the rapidly changing needs and demands. It is our hope to present the possibilities of this healthcare network of the future.
Parag Sancheti,Vijay D. Shetty,Mandeep S. Dhillon,Sheila A. Sprague,Mohit Bhandari 대한정형외과학회 2017 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.9 No.3
Background: Access to early knee osteoarthritis treatment in low and middle income nations is often believed to be limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study in India to assess prior access to treatment among patients presenting with knee pain to specialist orthopaedic clinics. Methods: The multi-centre, cross-sectional study included patients presenting with knee pain at 3 hospitals in India. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent completed a questionnaire designed to assess patient demographics, socioeconomic status, knee pain, treatment method, and patient’s knowledge on osteoarthritis (OA). Their orthopaedic surgeons also completed a questionnaire on the severity of patient’s OA and their recommended treatments. The impact of demographic characteristics on the prescription of treatment options was analyzed using logistic regression. Results: A total of 714 patients met the eligibility criteria and participated in this study. The majority of patients had been experiencing pain for less than 1 year (64.8%) and had previously been prescribed medications (91.6%), supplements (68.6%), and nonpharmacological (81.9%) treatments to manage their knee OA. Current treatment recommendations included oral medications (83.3%), intra-articular injections (29.8%), and surgical intervention (12.7%). Prescription of oral medications was related to younger age, lack of deformities, and lower Kellgren-Lawrence grades (p < 0.01). Patients treated in private hospital settings were more likely to have been previously treated with medications (range, 84.3% to 92.6%; p < 0.01) and physical treatments (range, 61.8% to 84.8%; p < 0.01) than patients treated at government hospitals. Conclusions: Contrary to the perception, our findings suggest a similar proportion of early knee OA treatment between India and North America.