Anti-ischemic Activities of Aralia cordata and Its Active Component, Oleanolic Acid

Soon Ock Cho,송경식,배기환,성연희,반주연,Joo Youn Kim,Hyun Soo Ju,Ik Soo Lee 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.6

Aralia has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. We performed in vitro and in vivo analyses on the neuroprotective effects of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Aralia cordata Thunb. (Araliaceae). In cultured cortical neurons from rats, A. cordata (5-20 μg/mL) inhibited 100 μMhydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptotic neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since oleanolic acid isolated from A. cordata also inhibited H2O2-induced neuronal death, increase in [Ca2+]i and ROS generation in cultured cortical neurons, some of the neuroprotective effects of A. cordata might be attributable to this compound. In rats, A. cordata prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Ischemic infarct and edema volumes were significantly reduced in rats that received A. cordata(50 mg/kg, orally). These animals exhibited a corresponding improvement in neurological function and a reduction of neuronal death, as determined histologically from the cortex and hippocampal regions. It is possible that the anti-oxidative properties of A. cordata may be responsible for its neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemic injury. In future,A. cordata might play a therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration in stroke.

<i>Aralia cordata</i> Protects Against Amyloid β Protein (25–35)–Induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Neurons and Has Antidementia Activities in Mice

Cho, Soon Ock,Ban, Ju Yeon,Kim, Joo Youn,Jeong, Ha Yeon,Lee, Ik Soo,Song, Kyung-Sik,Bae, KiHwan,Seong, Yeon Hee The Japanese Pharmacological Society 2009 JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.111 No.1

<P>The present study investigated an ethanol extract of the aerial part of <I>Aralia cordata</I> Thunb. (Araliaceae) for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β (Aβ) protein (25 – 35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and antidementia activity in mice. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 10 μM Aβ(25 – 35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. At 1 – 10 μg/ml, <I>A. cordata</I> inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>), glutamate release into the medium, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Aβ(25–35) in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Memory loss induced by intracerebroventricular injection of ICR mice with 15 nmol Aβ(25–35) was inhibited by chronic treatment with <I>A. cordata</I> (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 7 days) as measured by a passive avoidance test, and corresponding reductions were observed in brain cholinesterase activity and neuronal death measured histologically in the hippocampal region. Oleanolic acid isolated from <I>A. cordata</I> also inhibited neuronal death, elevation of [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>, glutamate release, and generation of ROS induced by Aβ(25–35) in cultured rat cortical neurons, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of <I>A. cordata</I> may be, at least in part, attributable to this compound. From these results, we suggest that the antidementia effect of <I>A. cordata</I> is due to its neuroprotective effect against Aβ(25–35)-induced neurotoxicity and that <I>A. cordata</I> may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.</P>

유기인제 중독의 복합예방제로서의 physostigmine과 procyclidine이 랫드의 학습 및 기억에 미치는 염향

조순옥(Soon Ock Cho),박우규(Woo-Kyu Park),이선애(Sun Ae Lee),조영(Young Cho),허경행(Gyeung-Haeng Hur),김왕수(Wang-Soo Kim),천기철(Ki-Cheol Cheon),하연철(Yeon-Cheol Ha),연규백(Gyu-Baek Yeon),김지천(Jee-Cheol Kim),김형규(Hyong-Kyu Kim 한국실험동물학회 2004 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.20 No.4

The effects of physostigmine and procyclidine, as a combinational prophylactic regimen for organophosphate poisoning, on learning and memory process were examined in rats administering subcutaneously. Procyclidine at doses of 3 through 10 ㎎/㎏ produced significant impairment of learning and memory process in step-through passive avoidance test. However, this harmful effect of procyclidine (3 and 5 ㎎/㎏) was reversed by simultaneous injection of physostigmine (0.1 ㎎/㎏). Procyclidine at doses of 7 and 10 ㎎/㎏ produced reversible inhibition of learning and memory process in Morris water maze test. Physostigmine (0.1 ㎎/㎏) recovered the memorial impairment induced by procyclidine in this test. In conclusion, procyclidine can affect learning and memory process at the doses not less than 3 ㎎/㎏, and the dose of procyclidine to influence the learning and memory process in rats might be increased to more than 5 ㎎/㎏ by the simultaneous administration of physostigmine (0.1 ㎎/㎏).

Regional Comparison of Physiochemical Properties of Codonopsis lanceolata

Soo Jeong Kwon,Tae Yeon Park,Moon Soon Lee,Hee Ock Boo,Gag Yeon Cho,Sun Hee Woo,Jin Woong Cho,Hee Doo Lee,Seong-Woo Cho,Hag Hyun Kim 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.2

This study was conducted to compare the growth, inorganic components, and proximate components of Codonopsis lanceolata grown in 10 regions of Korea for selecting superior species and breeding by crossing. Among the all tested lines, the shortest plant height (217.12 cm) was observed from the Ulleungdo region line (No. 4) while the longest (273.9 cm) was observed from Hwasun region line (No. 9). In addition, the lines of central and northern region (No. 1~No. 7) tend to have shorter plant height than those of southern region (No. 8~No. 9) except Jejudo region line (No. 10). Flowering tends to be late towards southern region, and lines in central and northern regions were started flowering about 2 weeks earlier than those in southern regions. However, the heaviest root weight was 13.1 g, found in only Jejudo line (No. 10) whereas there was no significant difference found in the other regions which have a range of 8.3~11.0 g. The inorganic components were varied in each line, however, proportion of macroelements, such as K, Ca, and P, was the largest for every line. Especially for Heongseong region line (No. 2), had larger proportion of macroelements than the others. There was a difference of proximate compositions of Codonopsis lanceolata, except the moisture content, among all regions, however, it was generally shown that the content of crude protein (1.31~3.76%) and crude fiber (2.18~3.12%) was the highest.

Comparison of Growth Characteristics and Inorganic Components Between Korean and Japanese Codonopsis lanceolata

Soo Jeong Kwon,Tae Yeon Park,Moon Soon Lee,Hee Ock Boo,Gag Yeon Cho,Sun Hee Woo,Jin Woong Cho,Hee Doo Lee,Seong-Woo Cho,Hag Hyun Kim 한국작물학회 2015 Korean journal of crop science Vol.60 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the growth characteristics and inorganic components of Codonopsis lanceolata regarding regional differences. The plant height of Japanese Codonopsis lanceolata was 373.6 cm, so it’s revealed that it has more vigorous growth than Korean won. The flowering time of Korean Codonopsis lanceolata was 2 weeks faster than Japanese one. Total fresh weight of root was 41.0 g and 39.0 g for Korean and Japanese respectively, thus, no significance difference was found. However, regarding fresh weight, Korean one had a more fresh weight (35.4 g) of main root parts, but Japanese one had a more fresh weight (9.6 g) of the lateral root part. Each inorganic component was found more in the aboveground parts, regardless of the region and the content of K was the largest. Regarding the content of macroelements for each part of Codonopsis lanceolata, the content of Na, Mg, P, S, and Ca in Korean Codonopsis lanceolata was found the highest on the leaf, followed by stem and root. In the case of Japanese Codonopsis lanceolata, same result was found on the content of Mg and Ca, however, the highest content of Na and P was found in the stem.

A Study on Current Status of Pesticide Residues in Commercial Agricultural Products, 2001

Ock-Kyung Chun,Kee-Young Shin,Jib-Ho Lee,Ju-Sung Bak,Tae-Hee Cho,Tae-Rang Kim,Ouk-Hee Kim,Min-Su Chang,In-Suck Hong,Yeo-Jun Son,Sung-Ae Cho,Young-Hee Choi,Young-Ho Seo,Bok-Soon Kim,Hee-Gon Kang 한국식품과학회 2002 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.11 No.6

Synthesis of Benzo[c]phenanthridine Derivatives and their in Vitro Antitumor Activities

Cho, Won-Jea,Yoo, Su-Jeong,Chung, Byung-Ho,Choi, Bo-Gil,Cheon, Seung-Hoon,Whang, Soon-Ho,Kim, Sin-Kyu,Kang, Boo-Hyon,Lee, Chong-Ock The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1996 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.19 No.4

Aiming at the development of anticancer agents by modification of phenolic benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, additional hydroxyl group was put on C10 position of fagaridine (1) by a biomimetic synthetic procedure to afford 10-hydroxyfagaridine (12). All of the synthetic intermediates were also screened in vitro antitumor activities against five different cell lines as well as 12. Among them the representative cytotoxic results are shown as follows; P-quinone (11) $[ED_50;(A549=0.22; {\mu}g/ml)$, $(HCT;15=0.21 {\mu}g/ml)$, fagaridine (1) $(HCT;15=0.41 {\mu}g/ml)$, olefin (6) $(HCT; 15=0.06 {\mu}g/ml)$, acetal (7) $(SKMEL-2=0.07 {\mu}g/ml)$, dihydrofagaridne (10) $(A549=0.38 {\mu}g/ml)$, 10-hydroxyfagaridine (12) $(A 549=0.45{\mu}g/mi)$. From these observation three main remarks can be drawn; (i) the iminium part of benzo[c]phenanthridine is not essential for showing acitvities, (ii) the additional hydroxyl group did not contribute to enhance the cytotoxicity, (iii) the 3-arylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives were found to display significant in vitro antitumor activity.

中, 長鎖脂肪 添加食餌가 cholesterol 投與 흰쥐의 血中脂質에 미치는 影響

曺貞淳,李容億,丁承台 明知大學校 自然科學硏究所 1987 자연과학논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of the study was to find and effect of medium chain triglyceride(MCT) diet on the serum lipids of spraque-Dawely rats when they were fed with 1% cholesterol. All experimental groups were fed with 1% cholesterol and at the same time, fed with different diet such as Soybean oil, Palm oil, Coconut oil, MCT mixed with Palm oil and MCT mixed Soybean oil respectively. After fed to each group, the levels of serum lipids among fed rats were examined and the data form the experiment were compared with a Control group. The result were as follows : (1) The body weight gain in MCT diet group and MCT mixed with Soybean diet group were lighter than that of the control group. (2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were very lower than that of the Control group. (3) VLDL, LDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the Control group. But the levels of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol in the MCT diet group was slightly higher than that of all the experimental diet groups. (4) HDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental groups were higher than that of the Control group. But the levels of HDL-cholesterol levels in the MCT diet group was slightly lower than that of all the experimental groups. (5) The ratio of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, so called Atherogenic index in serum of all the experimental diet groups were significantly lower than that of the Control diet group. The levels of Atherogenic index in the MCT diet group was slightly higher than that of all the experimental diet groups. (6) Phospholipid levels in serum of MCT diet group was lower than that of all the experimental diet groups, but the ration of Total cholesterol to Phospholipid in serum was increased. (7) Triglyceride levels in serum of MCT diet group and mixed diet groups with MCT were significantly higher than that of all the experimental diet groups.

돌산 갓 김치 숙성 중 매운맛 성분의 변화

전순실(Soon-Sil Chun),최옥자(Ock-Ja Choi),조영숙(Young-Sook Cho),박석규(Seok-Kyu Park),박정로(Jeong-Ro Park) 한국식품영양과학회 1995 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

돌산 갓(Brassica juncea) 김치 개발의 일환으로 갓 김치 숙성 중의 휘발성 성분을 분리, 동정하였으며, 매운 맛 성분인 glucosinolate의 함량변화를 분석하였다. 돌산 갓 김치의 숙성 중의 주요 휘발성 성분은 3-isothiocyanate-l-propene(Allyl isothiocyanate)이었으며, 그 외 di-2-propenyl disulfide, 1-methoxyl-2-butanol, 4-isothiocyanate-l-butene, di-2-propenyl disulfide 그리고 dimethyl-trisulfide 등 이었다. 갓 김치가 발효됨에 따라 AITC와 4-isothiocyanate-1-butene은 점차 감소하였지만, dimethyl trisulfide는 발효 저장 중에 다소 증가하였다. Di-2-propenyl disulfide는 5일 까지 감소되었다가 10일 이후에는 다소 증가하였다. 갓 김치 숙성 중의 매운맛 성분인 총 glucosinolate 함량은 3일 까지 증가하다가, 그 이후는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Compositional changes in pungent components of Dolsan Leaf Mustard Kimchi during fermentation were investigated. Major volatile compounds identified in the kimchi were 3-isothiocyanate-1-propene (allyl isothiocyanate, AITC) di-2-propenyl disulfide, 1-methoxy-2-butanol, 4-isothiocyanate-1-butene and dimethyl trisulfide. The contents of allyl isothiocyanate and 4-isothiocyanate-1-butene decreased, while dimethyl trisulfide increased during fermentation and storage. 1-methoxy 2-butanol increased at the initial stage of fermentation, showing highest at 2~3days, and decreased thereafter. Di-2-propenyl disulfide decreased after 5days and increased after 10days of storage. Total glucosinolate content increased by 3days and decreased from 4days of storage.

Delayed healing and induction of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in polycystic ovary syndrome rat skin wounds.

Jeong, Soon-Jeong,Kim, Sung-Shin,Bae, Chun-Sik,Park, Jin-Ju,Choi, Baik-Dong,Wang, Guanlin,Jung, Myung-Ju,Jang, Hyun-Sun,Kim, Byung-Ock,Lim, Do-Seon,Cho, Young-Sik,Jeong, Moon-Jin UNKNOWN 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.29 No.2

<P>Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and estrogen promote wound healing through a decrease in the excessive inflammatory response, accelerating re-epithelialization and increasing the amount of collagen deposition. The excessive administration of estradiol valerate (EV) using hormonal therapy decreases the concentration of estrogen abruptly and induces the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, the PCOS rat skin wound area was wider than that of the normal groups and the rate of keratinocyte migration in PCOS was lower than the normal group. The numbers of inflammatory cells and macrophages recruited in the PCOS group were larger than that of the normal group. More collagen was deposited in the healing area of the normal group than in the PCOS group. The level of SLPI expression was higher in the PCOS group than the normal group after wounding, with the exception of the epithelium. On the other hand, mRNA and protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were lower in the PCOS group than in the normal group. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 levels in the PCOS group were significantly lower than that of the normal group. Therefore, increased SLPI in PCOS skin wounds may help prevent an excessive inflammatory response and aberrant collagen deposition but not are sufficient to accelerate PCOS skin wound healing, suggesting that SLPI may act as a local rather than a systemic modulating molecule in PCOS rat skin wounds.</P>