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Prediction of bitumen content in oil sand based on FT-IR measurement
Songhun Yoon,Wonkyu Lee,HeungYeoun Lee,이철위,Junghwa Son 한국공업화학회 2009 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.15 No.3
FT-IR spectra of bitumen are utilized to propose simple prediction method of bitumen content in oil sand. Analysis and fractionation of Athabasca oil sand were carried out by standard method. A fraction of bitumen dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was 9.1 wt% and insoluble fraction was found as concomitantly clean clay (sand). The asphaltene fraction of oil sand was 1.42 wt%, which has higher sulfur content and lower H/C molar ratio than that of maltene. The clean clay and bitumen were used to prepare clay/bitumen composites. FT-IR spectra of different clay/bitumen composite were measured and compared. Fromanalysis of the absorbance data, the empirical equation to predict bitumen content in oil sandwas acquired using linear least square fitting. Using this equation, bitumen content of Athabasca oil sand was predicted to have a value of 10.5 wt% which is similar to 9.1 wt% of bitumen content extracted by THF solvent from oil sand.
Yoon, Songhun,Kang, Eunae,Kim, Jin Kon,Lee, Chul Wee,Lee, Jinwoo Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical communications Vol.47 No.3
<P>An ordered mesoporous WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB> material was employed for use as a supercapacitor electrode. This material exhibited a high rate capability and an excellent capacitance (366 μF cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, 639 F cm<SUP>−3</SUP>), which were probably attributed to the large ordered mesopores, high electrical conductivity, and high material density.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>An ordered mesoporous WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB> material was employed as a supercapacitor electrode. It shows a high rate capability and an excellent capacitance (366 μF cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, 639 F cm<SUP>−3</SUP>), due to the large ordered mesopores, high electrical conductivity and high material density. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cc03594g'> </P>
Separation and characterization of bitumen from Athabasca oil sand
Songhun Yoon,Sharad Durgashanker Bhatt,Wonkyu Lee,Heung Yeoun Lee,정순용,백진욱,이철위 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.1
Separation and chemical analysis was investigated using bitumen samples from Athabasca oil sand in Alberta. Fractionation according to solubility and polarity has been used to separate bitumen into its fractions. The solvent de-asphaltening was performed by n-pentane solvent (solubility fractionation), and the polarity fractionation using Fuller’s earth allows maltene to separate into SARA components (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes). The SARA components are analyzed comprehensively using elemental analysis (EA), Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), high performance chromatography (HPLC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). EA (C, H, N, S), heavy metals (Ni, V) concentrations, FT-IR and UV-vis tests provided the explanation of chemical composition. From IR spectra, maltene and saturates/aromatics (sat/aro) contained more aliphatic compounds than resin or asphaltene. Also, IR spectrum of sat/aro was similar to crude oil and VGO (vacuum gas oil). Different UV signal data clearly indicates the contribution of aromatic constituents in the fractions. Using optimized analysis conditions of HPLC, we successfully separated the peaks for bitumen and its fractions. The characteristic peak pattern of SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) fractions was observed, and also the peak pattern of sat/ aro was similar to that of crude oil and VGO. However, TGA results revealed that thermal behavior for sat/aro was similar to that of crude oil but different from that of VGO. Also, from the comparison between decomposition temperature of TGA and boiling point, their correspondence was found.
Songhun Yoon,이철위,Song-Yi Kwon 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.1
A cost-effective solvent extraction process for recovery of phenol and its hydroxy derivatives from aqueous medium was developed. Four different solvents--Tributyl phosphate (TBP), Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and Oleic acid (OA)--selected based on their miscibility with water. The extraction efficiency (EE) of the selected solvents was studied. A reversed-phase HPLC system connected to an RP, C18 column was used to analyze the aqueous medium to evaluate the performance of the selected solvents. TBP exhibited the best extraction performance, while TPP and MIBK proved to be good when large amount of solvent was used. However, OA was found to be inefficient to extract the solutes under investigation. Interestingly, a different salvation property was observed and elucidated using the solvation theory.
Nansuk You,Songhun Yoon,이철위 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.6
Bitumen recovery from thin oil sand reservoirs was modeled on a 150:1 scale, two-dimensional apparatus based on the theory of steam assisted gravity drainage. Injections of only steam and of steam and organic solvent were compared at high temperature (180 8C) and high pressure (686–882 kPa). Oil sand was simulated using homogeneously mixed extra heavy oil (<10 mPa s at 200 8C) and glass beads (diameter 1.5 mm) to achieve a porosity of 0.3. Steam temperatures, pressures, flow rates, and the evolution of steam chambers were monitored during the extractions. Recovery factor and steam chamber growth rate were compared. Extraction using steam with 3.0–7.4 vol% hexane improved the bitumen recovery factor by at least 30%. The added solvent resulted in the steam chamber reaching its greatest area 1200 s sooner than when using steam alone, equivalent to 0.9 year in the field. The extra heavy oil was analyzed by HPLC before and after extraction and the relative compositions of SARA were compared. The oil’s asphaltene content was reduced from 17.6 wt% to 10.8 wt% and to 9.7 wt% by extraction without and with the added solvent, respectively. Amounts of aromatics and resin were increased by both extraction methods.
Jo, Changshin,Hwang, Jongkook,Song, Hannah,Dao, Anh Ha,Kim, Yong‐,Tae,Lee, Sang Hyup,Hong, Seok Won,Yoon, Songhun,Lee, Jinwoo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.30
<P>A study by S. Yoon, J. Lee, and co‐workers on the improvement of rate performance highlights an important issue for pseudocapacitor electrode materials. On page 3747, the synthesis of an ordered mesoporous tungsten oxide–carbon nanocomposite is presented via a ‘one‐pot’ soft‐template method. The ordered mesoporous structure, partial reduction of the metal oxide, and the nanosized mixing of the metal oxide/carbon result in both high power and energy density. </P>
이철위,Nansuk You,Songhun Yoon,Wonkyu Lee,Heung Yeoun Lee,Sang-Yeop Park,Jae Heon Shim,Jong Soo Kim 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.6
Based on a theoretical background [1,2], a lab scale cylindrical SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage)model was designed, constructed and operated. There are six different parts in the apparatus: (1) water supplier, (2)steam generator, (3) SAGD cylindrical model, (4) cooling system, (5) constant pressure maintaining system and (6)production system. Temperature, pressure and steam injection rate were controlled by computer, and product (mixture of oil and water) was collected/separated manually. Extra heavy oil (<10 cp at 200 oC) and glass bead (diameter 1.5mm) were mixed homogeneously for making porosity of 0.3 and applied for simulating oil sand. For obtaining optimum operation conditions of SAGD apparatus, several attempts were made. When the steam at high temperature (160-180 oC),high pressure (8-9 atm) was injected with 20-25 cc/min, cSOR (cumulative steam to oil ratio) of about 5 was obtained with oil recovery of 78.8%.
Hwang, Keebum,Sohn, Hiesang,Yoon, Songhun Elsevier Sequoia 2018 Journal of Power Sources Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mesostructured niobium (Nb)-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-carbon (Nb-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-C) composites are synthesized by a hydrothermal process for application as anode materials in Li-ion batteries. The composites have a hierarchical porous structure with the Nb-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles homogenously distributed throughout the porous carbon matrix. The Nb content is controlled (0–10 wt%) to investigate its effect on the physico-chemical properties and electrochemical performance of the composite. While the crystalline/surface structure varied with the addition of Nb (<I>d</I>-spacing of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>: 0.34–0.36 nm), the morphology of the composite remained unaffected. The electrochemical performance (cycle stability and rate capability) of the Nb-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-C composite anode with 1 wt% Nb doping improved significantly. First, a full cut-off potential (0–2.5 V <I>vs</I>. Li/Li<SUP>+</SUP>) of Nb-doped composite anode (1 wt%) provides a higher energy utilization than that of the un-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-C anode. Second, Nb-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-C composite anode (1 wt%) exhibits an excellent long-term cycle stability (100% capacity retention, 297 mAh/g at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and 221 mAh/g at 2 C after 500 cycles) and improved rate-capability (192 mAh/g at 5 C), respectively (1 C: 150 mA/g). The superior electrochemical performance of Nb-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-C (1 wt%) could be attributed to the synergistic effect of improved electronic conductivity induced by optimal Nb doping (1 wt%) and lithium-ion penetration (high diffusion kinetics) through unique pore structures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mesostructured porous nanocomposites of Nb-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and carbon are prepared. </LI> <LI> The composites are prepared hydrothermally and used as anodes for Li-ion battery. </LI> <LI> Highly conductive porous carbon and optimized Nb doping (1 wt%) act synergistically. </LI> <LI> ∼100% capacity retention (221 mAh/g) after 500 cycles is realized. </LI> <LI> Good rate capability with a high capacity (192 mAh/g) at 5 C is achieved. </LI> </UL> </P>