A comparison of native and acid thinned normal and waxy corn starches: Physicochemical, thermal, morphological and pasting properties

Singh Sandhu, K.,Singh, N.,Lim, S.T. Academic Press, etc 2007 FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -ZURICH- Vol.40 No.9

The starches isolated from normal and waxy corn varieties were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid (0.14mol equivalent/L) and evaluated for physicochemical and functional properties. Acid thinning decreased the amylose content and swelling power but increased the solubility. The light transmittance of acid thinned (AT) starch pastes was higher than those of their native starches after similar storage intervals. The scanning electron microscopic observation demonstrated that the acid thinning did not cause any disruption of the granular crystalline structure. Native normal corn starches showed lower onset temperature (T<SUB>o</SUB>) and peak temperature (T<SUB>p</SUB>) as compared to their counterpart AT starches, whereas the reverse was observed for waxy corn starch. Enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH<SUB>gel</SUB>) was lower in AT normal and waxy starches as compared to their native starches. The percentage of retrogradation (%R) was significantly higher for native corn starches as compared to their AT starches. A significant reduction in peak-(P<SUB>V</SUB>), trough-(T<SUB>V</SUB>), breakdown-(B<SUB>V</SUB>), final-(F<SUB>V</SUB>), and setback viscosity (S<SUB>V</SUB>) was observed by acid thinning, and the reduction was more pronounced in AT waxy starches. Among AT starches, AT waxy starch showed the lowest values of P<SUB>V</SUB>, T<SUB>V</SUB>, B<SUB>V</SUB>, F<SUB>V</SUB> and S<SUB>V</SUB>.

Agent Based Intelligent Traffic Management System for Smart Cities

Sabhijiit Singh Sandhu,Naman Jain,Aditya Gaurav,N. Ch. Sriman Narayana Iyengar 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.12

The performance of traffic systems is greatly dependent on their ability to react to changing traffic patterns and different situations. On traditional traffic systems, the lights run green for fixed intervals of time no matter what the density of the traffic is. Here, we implement an intelligent-agent traffic model that controls the amount of time a light runs green for, based on the number of cars (density) standing in the light.

Genotype, Explant and Culture Medium Effects on Somatic Embryogenesis in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Khurshid Ahmed Mir,Ajmer Singh Dhatt,Jagdeep Singh Sandhu,Satbir Singh Gosal 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.3

In vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was attempted using hypocotyl, cotyledon and root derived callus of five elite genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) viz. Punjab Barsati, Punjab Sadabahar, Jamuni Gola, PBSR-11 and BB-93C. Somatic embryogenesis in all three explants was induced by using different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 0.5 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> BAP. The highest percent somatic embryogenesis was capitulated with NAA 1.0 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from hypocotyl, 1.5 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from cotyledon and 2.0 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from root explants. The somatic embryos derived from different explants were induced to elongate into shoots on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> BAP and regenerated into whole plants. Genotype, explant and genotype x explant interaction showed highly significant effects on embryogenesis. Among the genotypes, BB-93C was the most responsive for somatic embryogenesis, whereas among the explants, hypocotyl yielded the highest percent somatic embryos followed by cotyledon and root. Plants regenerated via somatic embryos were rooted on ½ strength MS basal media in vitro.

Process optimization for biodiesel production from indigenous non-edible Prunus armeniaca oil

Singh, Deepak,Kumar, Veerendra,Sandhu, S.S.,Sarma, A.K. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in energy research Vol.4 No.3

This work emphasized optimum production of biodiesel using non-edible Prunus armeniaca (Bitter Apricot) oil via transesterification collected from the high altitude areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. In this study the author produced biodiesel through the process of transesterification by using an alkali catalyst with alcohol (methanol and ethanol), under the varying molar ratio (1:6, 1:9, 1:12), variable catalyst percentage (1% and 2%) and temperature ($70^{\circ}C$, $75^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, a few strong base catalysts were used that includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium metal and freshly prepared sodium methoxide. After screening the catalyst, response surface methodology (RSM) in connection with the central composite design (CCD) was used to statistically evaluate and optimize the biodiesel production operation using NaOH as catalyst. It was found that the production of biodiesel achieved an optimum level biodiesel yield with 97.30% FAME conversion under the following reaction conditions: 1) Methanol/oil molar ratio: 1:6, 2) Reaction time: 3h, 3) Catalyst amount: NaOH 2 wt. %, and 4) Reaction temperature: $85^{\circ}C$. The experimental results showed that the optimum production and conversion of biodiesel through the process of transesterification could be achieved under an optimal set of reaction conditions. The biodiesel obtained showed appropriate fuel properties as specified in ASTM, BIS and En- standards.

Functional properties of normal, waxy and sugary corn starches

Sandhu, K.S.,Singh, N.,Lim, S.-T. ASSOC OF FOOD SCIENTISTS 2007 Journal of food science and technology Vol.44 No.6

A New Approach for Information Security using an Improved Steganography Technique

Juneja, Mamta,Sandhu, Parvinder Singh Korea Information Processing Society 2013 Journal of information processing systems Vol.9 No.3

This research paper proposes a secured, robust approach of information security using steganography. It presents two component based LSB (Least Significant Bit) steganography methods for embedding secret data in the least significant bits of blue components and partial green components of random pixel locations in the edges of images. An adaptive LSB based steganography is proposed for embedding data based on the data available in MSB's (Most Significant Bits) of red, green, and blue components of randomly selected pixels across smooth areas. A hybrid feature detection filter is also proposed that performs better to predict edge areas even in noisy conditions. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and random pixel embedding is incorporated to provide two-tier security. The experimental results of the proposed approach are better in terms of PSNR and capacity. The comparison analysis of output results with other existing techniques is giving the proposed approach an edge over others. It has been thoroughly tested for various steganalysis attacks like visual analysis, histogram analysis, chi-square, and RS analysis and could sustain all these attacks very well.

Design and simulation of an RCN Controller to improve steady state behavior of a self-excited induction generator

Garg, Anjali,Sandhu, Kanwarjit Singh,Saini, Lalit Mohan Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2012 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.1 No.4

Self-excited induction generators (SEIG) are gaining importance as compared to conventional generators due to their capability toconvert wind energy into electrical energy for a wide range of variation in operating speed. The performance of such a generator depends upon the load, rotor speed and excitation capacitance. Therefore, depending upon the operating conditions, the output voltage and frequency of this machine goes on changing and this imposes a restriction on its usage. In order to maintain constant voltage and frequency, it need controllers, which make the circuit complicated and also increases the overall cost of power generation. This paper presents a simple controller to regulate the output voltage and frequency of SEIG for variation in its operating conditions due to any change in load, rotor speed and excitation capacitance (R, N, C) and their combination. The controller presented is simple in design, user friendly and is also less expensive, as the elements used in the controller are only resistors, inductors and capacitors. A block of SEIG for steady state operation is also modeled and presented in this paper. SEIG, Controller and other components are modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink.

A Gamma Ray Tomographic Densitometer System for the Investigation of Concrete Structure

Amandeep Sharma,B. S. Sandhu,Bhajan Singh 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.41

The aim of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of gamma ray scattering to inspect density variation in any object. A densitometer system, operating in a non-destructive and non-invasive way, is presented to investigate the density variation in concrete structure. A well collimated beam of 662 keV gamma rays from ^(137)Cs radioactive source has been used to extract the information of density variation from interior of sample by recording scattered spectra with NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. An inverse matrix approach for unfolding of observed pulse-height distribution to a true photon spectrum is used, by choosing bin mesh (E^(1/2)) of 0.05 (MeV)^(1/2), for the measurements of scattered spectra. The Compton scattered intensity, obtained by unfolding (deconvolution) the experimental pulse-height distribution of NaI(Tl) scintillation detector with the help of inverse response matrix, provides the desired information.

A New Approach for Information Security usin Improved Steganography Technique

Mamta Juneja,Parvinder Singh Sandhu 한국정보처리학회 2013 Journal of information processing systems Vol.9 No.3

This research paper proposes a secured, robust approach of information security using steganography. It presents two component based LSB (Least Significant Bit) steganography methods for embedding secret data in the least significant bits of blue components and partial green components of random pixel locations in the edges of images. An adaptive LSB based steganography is proposed for embedding data based on the data available in MSB’s (Most Significant Bits) of red, green, and blue components of randomly selected pixels across smooth areas. A hybrid feature detection filter is also proposed that performs better to predict edge areas even in noisy conditions. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and random pixel embedding is incorporated to provide two-tier security. The experimental results of the proposed approach are better in terms of PSNR and capacity. The comparison analysis of output results with other existing techniques is giving the proposed approach an edge over others. It has been thoroughly tested for various steganalysis attacks like visual analysis, histogram analysis, chi-square,and RS analysis and could sustain all these attacks very well.

A New Approach for Information Security using an Improved Steganography Technique

( Mamta Juneja ),( Parvinder Singh Sandhu ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 Journal of information processing systems Vol.9 No.3

This research paper proposes a secured, robust approach of information security using steganography. It presents two component based LSB (Least Significant Bit) steganography methods for embedding secret data in the least significant bits of blue components and partial green components of random pixel locations in the edges of images. An adaptive LSB based steganography is proposed for embedding data based on the data available in MSB`s (Most Significant Bits) of red, green, and blue components of randomly selected pixels across smooth areas. A hybrid feature detection filter is also proposed that performs better to predict edge areas even in noisy conditions. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and random pixel embedding is incorporated to provide two-tier security. The experimental results of the proposed approach are better in terms of PSNR and capacity. The comparison analysis of output results with other existing techniques is giving the proposed approach an edge over others. It has been thoroughly tested for various steganalysis attacks like visual analysis, histogram analysis, chi-square, and RS analysis and could sustain all these attacks very well.