Road Surface Analysis through Machine Learning Techniques

Prabhat Singh,Shilpi Sharma,Ahmed E. Kamal,Sunil Kumar 대한전자공학회 2024 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.13 No.4

Roads are an important part of transporting goods and products from one place to another. In developing countries, the main challenge is to maintain road conditions regularly. Roads can deteriorate from time to time. Monitoring the conditions of the roads, which may degrade with time, is very difficult, resulting in a delay in transportation and damage to the vehicles moving on the roads. Poor road conditions cause road accidents. A model is being proposed to monitor the conditions of the road surface by smartphone sensors. Accelerometer, gyroscope, and GPS sensors are deployed in the mobile phones, which will help to collect data on the road conditions. After collecting the data about the road conditions, various machine learning approaches, such as supervised, multi-layered, and multiclass, are applied to data filtration. Road conditions are divided into three categories to achieve this methodology: potholes, deep traverse cracks, and smooth roads. This categorization helped in analyzing the road surface condition through smartphone sensors over all three axes instead of taking it over a single axis. Neural networks helped analyze data or road conditions more accurately than Decision Tree and SVM.

Impact of work function variation for enhanced electrostatic control with suppressed ambipolar behavior for dual gate L-TFET

Singh Prabhat,Yadav Dharmendra Singh 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.44 No.-

The favorable electrostatic potential and tunneling underneath the overall gate region, which prevents legitimate source to drain tunneling, controllability over the gate is assisted in vertical TFET configurations. An L-TFET (L-shaped Tunneling Field-Effect Transistor) has a larger tunneling length than a veritable TFET. As a consequence, the current in the on-state (Ion) has gotten better. The increased ambipolar current and low Ion/Ioff ratio of L-TFET will need to be tuned for low-power and high-frequency functionality. On the other hand, significantly worse switching performance and distortions may lead to a weak robust device. By establishing a high-k gate oxide-based drain underlap region with dual gate, this study is dedicated to ameliorating the Ion/Ioff by subverting ambipolar behavior. To investigate the impact of height of second gate (Hgate2) and work-function of this (WFgate2), EBD (Energy Band Diagram), electric field distribution in X and Y direction, potential and recombination rate are examined under various conditions. Which leads to enhanced DC/RF and linearity performance. Along with this, Current-Voltage characteristics, DC/RF, and linearity performance Figure of Merits (FOMs) also investigated the assessment of variation of Hgate2 and WFgate2, and it is optimized for the better suppression of Iambi (ambipolar current) with a steep slope in transfer characteristics. In addition to that, Current-voltage statistics (Ids - Vgs), DC/RF, and linearity efficiency FOMs were being used to assess the influence of changing the Hgate2 and WFgate2, which was modulated for greater Iambi suppression (ambipolar current) with improved SS and Vth for the proposed device.

Underutilization of Curative Treatment among Patients with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in India

Malik, Prabhat Singh,Malik, Anita,Deo, Suryanarayana Venkata,Mohan, Anant,Mohanti, Bidhu Kalyan,Raina, Vinod Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Background: Lung cancer is one of the commonest and most lethal cancers throughout the world. The majority of the patients present at advance stage and are not suitable for curative intent treatment. Even among patients with localized disease, there has been underutilization of curative treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to analyze the radical treatment utilization rates in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated at our centre. Materials and Methods: We analyzed case records of 104 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC having stage 1-3B disease who were treated at our centre over last 3 years, to assess the utilization of curative treatment modalities i.e. surgery or radical radiotherapy. Results: The median age of this cohort was 58 years. Out of 104 patients only 33 (31.7%) received curative intent treatment, 14 undergoing curative resection and 19 receiving radical doses of radiotherapy. The baseline characteristics of both the groups (with or without radical treatment) were not different. Major factors associated with underutilization with curative treatment were progressive disease or loss of follow up after chemotherapy and inappropriate use of TKI and/or palliative radiotherapy in patients with stage 1-3B disease. Patients who did not receive radical treatment had inferior PFS and OS than those who received radical treatment. Conclusions: In our practice we observed gross underutilization of curative intent treatment modalities in patients with NSCLCs which is associated with inferior survival.

Primary pulmonary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: a rare entity and a literature review

Priyanka Singh,Aruna Nambirajan,Manish Kumar Gaur,Rahul Raj,Sunil Kumar,Prabhat Singh Malik,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2022 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.56 No.4

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (<i>ALK</i>) gene fusions and is associated with high risk of local recurrence and poor prognosis. Herein, we present a young, non-smoking male who presented with complaints of cough and dyspnoea and was found to harbor a large right lower lobe lung mass. Biopsy showed a high-grade epithelioid to rhabdoid tumor with ALK and desmin protein expression. The patient initially received 5 cycles of crizotinib and remained stable for 1 year; however, he then developed multiple bony metastases, for which complete surgical resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of EIMS, with <i>ALK</i> gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic with stable metastatic disease on crizotinib and has been started on palliative radiotherapy. EIMS is a very rare subtype of IMT that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of ALKexpressing lung malignancies in young adults.

Clinico-pathological Profile of Lung Cancer at AIIMS: A Changing Paradigm in India

Malik, Prabhat Singh,Sharma, Mehar Chand,Mohanti, Bidhu Kalyan,Shukla, N.K.,Deo, S.V.S.,Mohan, Anant,Kumar, Guresh,Raina, Vinod Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Background: Lung cancer is one of the commonest and most lethal cancers throughout the world. The epidemiological and pathological profile varies among different ethnicities and geographical regions. At present adenocarcinoma is the commonest histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in most of the Western and Asian countries. However, in India squamous cell carcinoma has been reported as the commonest histological type in most of the series. The aim of the study was to analyze the current clinico-pathological profile and survival of lung cancer at our centre. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 434 pathologically confirmed lung cancer cases registered at our centre over a period of three years. They were evaluated for their clinical and pathological profiles, treatment received and outcome. The available histology slides were reviewed by an independent reviewer. Results: Median age was 55 years with a male:female ratio of 4.6:1. Some 68% of patients were smokers. There were 85.3% NSCLC and 14.7% SCLC cases. Among NSCLCs, adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological subtype after the pathology review. Among NSCLC, 56.8% cases were of stage IV while among SCLC 71.8% cases had extensive stage disease. Some 29% of patients did not receive any anticancer treatment. The median overall and progression free survivals of the patients who received treatment were 12.8 and 7.8 months for NSCLC and 9.1 and 6.8 months for SCLC. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that adenocarcinoma may now be the commonest histological subtype also in India, provided a careful pathological review is done. Most of the patients present at advanced stage and outcome remains poor.

Energy and nutrient recovery from agro-wastes: Rethinking their potential possibilities

Barkha Vaish,Vaibhav Srivastava,Prabhat Kumar Singh,Pooja Singh,Rajeev Pratap Singh 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.5

Agricultural sector has inescapably drawn attention towards itself due to growing concern over population explosion, changing climate and depletion of resources. Advancements in technology have caused rapid boost in farm productivity and hence huge production of agro-wastes. There have been massive deteriorating impacts of agro-wastes on existing environmental conditions, creating wide scale environmental pollution as well as biodiversity loss. Since, agro-wastes have huge potential in the form of energy and nutrient recovery (ENR), amalgamations of different technologies would promote sustainability. ENR not only adjoins an added profitable product but also facilitates to close environmental nutrient cycles. This provides a substitute to existing unsustainable approaches that are energy demanding and reliant on nonrenewable sources of energy. This review underpins why ENR from agro-waste must be key concern in production of array of higher value products.

Internet Traffic Classification Using Machine Learning

M. P. Singh,Gargi Srivastava,Prabhat Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.12

Internet traffic classification is one of the popular research interest area because of its benefits for many applications like intrusion detection system, congestion avoidance, traffic prediction etc. Internet traffic is classified on the basis of statistical features because port and payload based techniques have their limitations. For statistics based techniques machine learning is used. The statistical feature set is large. Hence, it is a challenge to reduce the large feature set to an optimal feature set. This will reduce the time complexity of the machine learning algorithm. This paper tries to obtain an optimal feature set by using a hybrid approach -An unsupervised clustering algorithm (K-Means) with a supervised feature selection algorithm (Best Feature Selection).

Recent advances in valorization of citrus fruits processing waste: a way forward towards environmental sustainability

Shweta Suri,Anupama Singh,Prabhat K. Nema 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.13

Citrus fruits are well known for their medicinaland therapeutic potential due to the presence of immensebioactive components. With the enormous consumption ofcitrus juice, citrus processing industries are focused on theproduction of juice but at the same time, a large amount ofwaste is produced mainly in the form of peel, seeds,pomace, and wastewater. This waste left after processingleads to environmental pollution and health-related hazards. However, it could be exploited for the recovery ofessential oils, pectin, nutraceuticals, macro and micronutrients,ethanol, and biofuel generation. In view of theimportance and health benefits of bioactive compoundsfound in citrus waste, the present review summarizes therecent work done on the citrus fruit waste valorization forrecovery of value-added compounds leading to zerowastage. Therefore, instead of calling it waste, these couldbe a good resource of significant valuable components, inthis way encouraging the zero-waste theory.

Correlation of TTF-1 immunoexpression and EGFR mutation spectrum in non–small cell lung carcinoma

Tripti Nakra,Varsha Singh,Aruna Nambirajan,Prabhat Singh Malik,Anant Mohan,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2021 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.55 No.4

Background: Thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1) is a diagnostic marker expressed in 75%–85% of primary lung adenocarcinomas (ACs). Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is the most common targetable driver alteration in lung AC. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between TTF-1 and EGFR mutation status. We aimed to determine the predictive value of TTF-1 immunoexpression for underlying EGFR mutation status in a large Indian cohort. Methods: This retrospective designed study was conducted with medical record data from 2011 to 2020. All cases of primary lung AC and non–small cell lung carcinoma not otherwise specified (NSCLC, NOS) with known TTF-1 expression diagnosed by immunohistochemistry using 8G7G3/1 antibodies and EGFR mutation status diagnosed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction were retrieved, reviewed, and theresults were analyzed. Results: Among 909 patient samples diagnosed as lung AC and NSCLC, NOS, TTF-1 was positive in 76.8% cases (698/909) and EGFR mutations were detected in 29.6% (269/909). A strong positive correlation was present between TTF-1 positivity and EGFR mutation status (odds ratio, 3.61; p < .001), with TTF-1 positivity showing high sensitivity (90%) and negative predictive value (87%) for EGFR mutation. TTF-1 immunoexpression did not show significant correlation with uncommon/dual EGFR mutations (odds ratio, 1.69; p = .098). EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was significantly superior to chemotherapy among EGFR mutant cases irrespective of TTF-1 status; however, no significant differences among survival outcomes were observed. Conclusions: Our study confirms a strong positive correlation between TTF-1 expression and common EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R) in advanced lung AC with significantly high negative predictive value of TTF-1 for EGFR mutations.

Effect of Acupressure on Pain during Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection in Children Aged 5-10 Years Old - An Experimental Study

Gurharikar Ayushi Shashikant,Nagpal Devendra,Yadav Prabhat Singh,Chaudhari Purva,Hotwani Kavita,Lamba Gagandeep 사단법인약침학회 2023 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.16 No.4

Background: Acupressure, which is related to acupuncture, is a noninvasive therapy suitable for use in children. However, data examining acupressure’s effects on the pain of local anesthetic injection in children are sparse. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate acupressure’s effects on the pain of local anesthetic injection in children. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical study included 37 5- to 10-year-olds who had an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for a mandibular extraction and were randomized to one of two groups: acupressure (study group) or non-acupressure (control group). The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) and the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale were utilized for subjective and objective pain assessment during injection. Results: The objective and subjective assessment of pain during injection significantly differed between the groups, with the acupressure group displaying lower scores. Conclusion: Acupressure at the extra one point (EX-HN1) reduced pain during IANB injection in 5- to 10-year-olds and can be used as an adjunct to conventional measures like topical anesthesia to reduce pain.