Cardiotoxicity linked to anticancer agents and cardioprotective strategy

Shraddha I. Khairnar,Yogesh A. Kulkarni,Kavita Singh 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.10

Chemotherapy is a main treatment for cancer,and it benefi ts patients by controlling cancer relapse andmetastasis, thereby leading to an increase in the overall survivalrate. However, this treatment is associated with mildto severe side eff ects, one of which is cardiotoxicity. Theseverity of cardiotoxicity, a leading cause of cardiovasculardiseases, depends on the type of cancer therapy employedand the time required for its management. A chemotherapeuticagent is used either alone or in combination with otherdrugs for cancer treatment. The exact mechanism of chemotherapeuticagent-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear,although it is likely to be multifactorial and to include oxidativestress, apoptosis, and infl ammation. There are manyapproaches to avoid the untoward eff ects of chemotherapeuticagents. However, the available options for cardiac protectionare minimal, and they include renin-angiotensin systemblockers, beta-blockers, herbal drugs, or iron chelators suchas dexrazoxane. The present review provides information onthe molecular mechanism of chemotherapy-induced myocardialinfarction and cardiotoxicity along with scientifi callystudied synthetic molecules, herbal extracts, and naturalproducts to manage chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.

Preparation of Drug Eluting Natural Composite Scaff old Using Response Surface Methodology and Artifi cial Neural Network Approach

Shailendra Singh Shera,Shraddha Sahu,Rathindra Mohan Banik 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2018 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.15 No.2

Silk fibroin/xanthan composite was investigated as a suitable biomedical material for controlled drug delivery, and blending ratios of silk fibroin and xanthan were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach. A non-linear ANN model was developed to predict the effect of blending ratios, percentage swelling and porosity of composite material on cumulative percentage release. The efficiency of RSM was assessed against ANN and it was found that ANN is better in optimizing and modeling studies for the fabrication of the composite material. In-vitro release studies of the loaded drug chloramphenicol showed that the optimum composite scaffold was able to minimize burst release of drug and was followed by controlled release for 5 days. Mechanistic study of release revealed that the drug release process is diffusion controlled. Moreover, during tissue engineering application, investigation of release pattern of incorporated bioactive agent is beneficial to predict, control and monitor cellular response of growing tissues. This work also presented a novel insight into usage of various drug release model to predict material properties. Based on the goodness of fit of the model, Korsmeyer–Peppas was found to agree well with exper- imental drug release profile, which indicated that the fabricated material has swellable nature. The chloramphenicol (CHL) loaded scaffold showed better efficacy against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. CHL loaded SFX55 (50:50) scaffold shows promising biocomposite for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.

Demographic Risk Factors, Affected Anatomical Sites and Clinicopathological Profile for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a North Indian Population

Krishna, Akhilesh,Singh, R.K.,Singh, Shraddha,Verma, Pratima,Pal, U.S.,Tiwari, Sunita Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

Background: Oral cancer is a common form of cancer in India, particularly among men. About 95% are squamous cell carcinomas. Tobacco along with alcohol are regarded as the major risk factors. Objectives: (i) To determine associations of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with respect to gender, age group, socioeconomic status and risk habits; (ii) To observe the distribution of affected oral anatomical sites and clinico-pathological profile in OSCC patients. Materials and Methods: This is an unmatched case-control study during period January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 471 confirmed OSCC patients and 556 control subjects were enrolled. Data on socio-demography, risk habits with duration and medical history were recorded. Results: There were significant associations between OSCC with middle age (41-50years; unadjusted OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.05-2.52, p=0.02) (51-60 years; unadjusted OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.15-2.79, p=0.009) and male subjects (unadjusted OR=2.49, 95%CI=1.89-3.27, p=0.0001). Cases with both habits of tobacco chewing and smoking were at a higher risk for OSCC than tobacco chewing alone (unadjusted OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.38-0.72, p=0.0001), duration of risk habits also emerged as a responsible factor for the development of carcinoma. The majority of patients were presented in well-differentiated carcinomas (39.9%). Prevalence of advance stages (TNM stage III, IV) was 23.4% and 18.3% respectively. The buccal mucosa was the most common (35.5%) affected oral site. Conclusions: In most Asian countries, especially India, there is an important need to initiate the national level public awareness programs to control and prevent oral cancer by screening for early diagnosis and support a tobacco free environment.

Association of Cytochrome-17 (MspA1) Gene Polymorphism with Risk of Gall Bladder Stones and Cancer in North India

Dwivedi, Shipra,Agrawal, Sarita,Singh, Shraddha,Madeshiya, Amit Kumar,Singh, Devendra,Mahdi, Abbas Ali,Chandra, Abhjeet Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Background: Cholelithiasis is associated in 54%-98% of patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, and a high incidence among females suggests a role of female hormones in the etiology of the disease. Cytochrome $P450C17{\alpha}$ (CYP-17) is a key enzyme involved in estrogen metabolism and polymorphisms in CYP-17 are associated with altered serum levels of estrogens. Thus, we investigated whether the CYP-17 MspA1 gene polymorphism might impact on risk of gall bladder cancers or gallstones, as well as to determine if this gene polymorphism might be linked with estrogen serum levels and lipid profile among the North Indian gall bladder cancer or gallstone patients. Materials and Methods: CYP-17 gene polymorphisms (MspA1) were genotyped with PCR-RFLP in cancer patients (n=96), stone patients (n=102), cancer + stone patients (n=52) and age/sex matched control subjects (n= 256). Lipid profile was estimated using a commercial kit and serum estrogen was measured using ELISA. Results: The majority of the patients in all groups were females. The lipid profile and estrogen level were significantly higher among the study as compared to control groups. The frequency of mutant allele A2 of CYP17 MspA1 gene polymorphism was higher among cancer (OR=5.13, 95% CI+3.10-8.51, p=0.0001), stone (OR=5.69, 95%CI=3.46-9.37, p=0.0001) and cancer + stone (OR=3.54, 95%CI=1.90-6.60, p=0.0001) when compared with the control group. However there was no significant association between genotypes of CYP17 MspA1 gene polymorphism and circulating serum level of estrogen and lipid profile. Conclusions: A higher frequency of mutant genotype A1A2 as well as mutant allele A2 of CYP-17 gene polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of gallbladder cancer and stones. Elevated levels of estrogen and an altered lipid profile can be used as predictors ofgall bladder stones and cancer in post menopausal females in India.

Aggregate Cell Suspension Cultures of Psoralea corylifolia Improved Phytoestrogens Production

Ramesh Satdive,Amit N. Shinde,Sudhir Singh,Suchita Kamble,Shraddha Singh,Nutan Malpathak,Devanand P. Fulzele 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.2

The intensity of the hydrodynamic stress on cell aggregates is closely related to the growth and production of secondary metabolites. In this study, we have investigated the effects of cell aggregation in suspension cultures of Psoralea corylifolia on growth and phytoestrogens production. HPLC analysis revealed that cell aggregates of 1.2 mm size produced maximum amount of daidzein (2.84% dry wt.) and genistein (0.47% dry wt.) on day 20. The phytoestrogens production level was ~2-fold more than that of heterogeneous cell aggregates (control) in suspension cultures and 11-fold more than field grown plants. Analysis of spent medium revealed no leaching of phytoestrogens. Results indicated that certain degree of cell aggregation in suspension cultures directly supported phytoestrogen production.

Oxidation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Graphite Substrates with SiC and SiC/Si₃N₄ Coatings Prepared by Solid-Vapor Reaction

Jeong Pyo Kim,Sung Il Jung,Yeong Gil Jung,Ungyu Paik,Vijay K Srivastava,Shraddha Singh,Akash Mohanty 한국표면공학회 2008 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.-

Oxidation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Graphite Substrates with SiC and Si3N4 Coatings Prepared by Using a Solid-Vapor Reaction

Jeong-Pyo Kim,Sung-Il Jung,Young-Suk Sim,백운규,Vijay K. Srivastava,Shraddha Singh,Akash Mohanty,정연길 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.3

The oxidation behavior of graphite substrates with silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) coatings, prepared by using a solid-vapor reaction process, was investigated in cyclic oxidation tests. The effect of the porosity of the substrate on the oxidation behavior was also investigated. Substrates with the SiC coating showed higher weight loss than those with the Si3N4 coating. Oxidation of the substrates with 10 and 13 % porosities with the Si3N4 coating took place at 900℃ and at 1000℃, respectively. However, after long term cyclic oxidation tests, the substrate with 13 % porosity with the Si3N4 coating was oxidized at a relatively low temperature of 800℃, even though the weight loss was below 10 %. In the case of the SiC coatings, detachment of the coating region or full oxidation of the substrates took place whereas in the case of the Si3N4 coatings, no evidence of delamination or detachment of the coating region was observed after oxidation. The oxidation was affected by the coating thickness and by the type of materials coated on the substrate, not by the porosity of the substrate itself, although the coating thickness did depend on the porosity of the substrate.